1、大学四级-1132 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.很多人认为文凭能说明一切2. 然而当今社会越来越看重能力3. 你的看法Ability or Diploma（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Choice MythLast week, The Washington Post ran a front-page story that said most stay-at-home moms arent SUV-driving, daily yo
2、ga-doing, latte-drinking white, upper-middle-class women who choose to leave their high-powered careers to answer the call to motherhood. Instead, they are disproportionately low-income, non-college educated, young and foreign-born; in other words, they are women whose horizons are greatly limited a
3、nd for whom the cost of child care, very often, makes work not a workable choice at all.These findings, drawn from a new report by the Census Bureau, really ought to lead us to reframe our public conversations about who mothers are and why they do what they do. It should lead us away from all the mo
4、ralistic bombast(大话) about mothers “choices“ and “priorities“. It should get us thinking less about choice, in fact, and make us focus more on the objective conditions that drive womens lives. And they should drive us to think about the choices that we as a society must make to guarantee that the be
5、st possible opportunities are available for all families.The basic finding of this latest reportthat the more choices mothers have, the more likely they are to workhas been known, to anyone whos taken the time to seriously look into the issue, for quite some time now. Ever since 2003, when Lisa Belk
6、ins article in The Times Magazine about highly privileged and ultra-high-achieving moms“The Opt-Out Revolution“ was generalized by the news media to claim that mothers overall were choosing to leave the work force in droves, researchers have been revisiting the state of mothers employment and reachi
7、ng very similar conclusions.In 2005, the Motherhood Project at the Institute for American Values surveyed more than 2,000 women and published a report that said most mothers, given free choice in an ideal world, would choose to be employedprovided their employment didnt impinge (侵占) excessively on t
8、heir time with their kids. Approximately two-thirds said theyd ideally work part time or from home; only 16 percent said theyd prefer to work full-time. (Interestingly, the researchers said, it was the least-educated mothers who expressed the strongest preference for full-time work.)In 2007, the soc
9、iologists David Cotter, Paula England and Joan Hermsen looked carefully at four decades of employment data and found that women with choicesthose with college educationswere overwhelmingly choosing to stay in the work force. The only women “opting out“ in any significant numbers were the very riches
10、tthose with husbands earning more than $125,000 a yearand the very poorestthose with husbands earning less than $23,400 a year.You might say that the movement of the richest women out of the workforce proves that women will, in the best of all possible worlds, go home. But these women often have hus
11、bands who, in order to earn those top salaries, work 70 or 80 hours a week and travel extensively; someone has to he home. Many left high-powered careers that made similar demands on their time. They are privileged, its true, but very often they have also been cornered by the all-or-nothing non-choi
12、ces of our workplaces.The alternative narrativeof constricted horizons, not choicethat might have emerged from recent research has never really made it into the mainstream. It just cant, it seems, find a foothold.“The reason we keep getting this narrative is that there is this deep cultural conflict
13、 about mothers employment,“ England told me this week. “On the one hand, people believe women should have equal opportunities, but on the other hand, we dont envision(展望) men taking on more child care and housework and, unlike Europe, we dont seem to be able to envision family-friendly work policies
14、. “Why this mattersand why opening this topic up for discussion is importantis very clear: because our public policy continues to rest upon a fictitious idea, eternally recycled in the media, of mothers free choices, and not upon the constraints that truly drive their behavior. “If journalism repeat
15、edly frames the wrong problem, then the folks who make public policy may very well deliver the wrong solution,“ is how E. J. Graff, the associate director and senior researcher at Brandeis Universitys Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism once put it in the Columbia Journalism Review. “If
16、women are happily choosing to stay home with their babies, thats a private decision. But. its a public policy issue if schools, jobs and other American institutions are structured in ways that make it frustratingly difficult, and sometimes impossible, for parents to manage both their jobs and family
17、 responsibilities.“It looked, not so long ago, as though things were going to change. Barack Obama made increasing womens work/life choices and providing more supports for working families a cornerstone of his campaign. All those lofty ideals, though, seem to have been forgotten in the realities of
18、this recession, where plans to expand universal pre-K, paid family leave and subsidies for child care have gone the way of“ state budget revenues. Even workfare, The Times reported this week, is being discarded in California in favor of old-style no-work welfare, because its been deemed too costly t
19、o give poor mothers job skills while providing decent child care.In Fresno County, one of the first places in California where welfare recipients are being told about the policy change, which is voluntary for now, the new regulations arent being viewed as good news.“Especially when you have kids, yo
20、u cant just sit around and collect checks,“ one mother told The Times. For now, 90 percent of beneficiaries in Fresno County are choosing to keep working and receiving child care subsidies.When mothers can choose, they choose self-empowerment (自助自强). Because they know that there is no true differenc
21、e between their advancement and the advancement of their children. Why do we so enduringly deny them the dignity of choice?（分数：70.00）(1).According to the front-page story of the Washington Post, most stay-at-home moms _.（分数：7.00）A.choose to leave their work at their own willsB.have to stay at home r
22、earing childrenC.have more housework to doD.are usually from upper-middle class(2).The findings from a new report make us _.（分数：7.00）A.pay attention to drive force of mums real situationB.focus more on the choices in moms lifeC.have more conversations with momsD.grow morally concerned with moms(3).L
23、isa Belkins articles in Time Magazin has _.（分数：7.00）A.attracted a lot of disagreementB.been misgeneralized by the news mediaC.been taken seriouslyD.been suspected by many researchers(4).According to the survey by the Motherhood Project, most mothers would prefer to _.（分数：7.00）A.leave the work if the
24、 job demands too much timeB.work if the children have gone to collegeC.work if the job doesnt take away too much time from childrenD.leave the work if the children demand their leaving(5).According to researchers, who had the strongest desire to work on full-time basis?（分数：7.00）A.The most privileged
25、 woman.B.The least-educated morns.C.The best-educated mothers.D.The mothers without any child.(6).David Cotter together with two other colleagues found that _（分数：7.00）A.women with college education were desperate to stay in work forceB.both rich and poor women were will to stay at workC.the poorest
26、women were desperate to stay at workD.the richest women had the most choices(7).Women have limited horizon because of _.（分数：7.00）A.more housework to doB.cultural conflictC.the demanding child-rearingD.their confined employment(8).E. J. Graff claimed if schools and jobs make it difficult for parents
27、to make the choice, it will be _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Increasing womens work/life choices and providing more supports for working families is Barack Obamas _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).In Fresno County, the majority of beneficiaries are receiving child care subsidies while _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening
28、 Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)A.Kevin probably wont find a partner in time.B.Kevin should talk to his former partner.C.Kevin will manage to find a partner.D.Kevin has already found a partner.A.She isnt ready to cooperate with the man.B.Shes surprised the man chose her.C.She doesnt u
29、nderstand why the man didnt work.D.She thinks its difficult to find a partner.A.Works at the meat counter.B.Delivers groceries to customers.C.Serves as a cashier.D.Serves as an after sales man.A.It got lost.B.It was delivered late.C.It was delivered to a wrong place.D.It damaged in the course of del
30、ivering.A.The Air France Counter is on the right side.B.There is a long queue at the Air France Counter.C.The British Airways counter is Counter 28.D.The British Airways counter is next to Counter 28.A.The dinning table.B.The current news.C.A job vacancy.D.The Internet service.A.The interest rates a
31、re high.B.The man wants some advice on how to invest.C.The woman suggests investing money in one place.D.The woman does not want to help him.A.She is angry with the man.B.She can accept the mans request though she is busy.C.She doesnt want to write the letter for the man.D.Its very difficult for her
32、 to write the letter today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.How to place orders.B.The womans history class.C.The history of American catalog business.D.The relationship between farmers and Ward.A.For her study.B.To order some filing cabinet.C.To buy so
33、mething to decorate her dormitory room.D.To find some topics to discuss in the class.A.The farmers liked to order from catalogs because of the lower prices.B.If the farmers ordered a lot of things they could get a refund for one of them.C.Wards business was popular among farmers because it was conve
34、nient for them to order from catalogs.D.Some small stores were driven out of the business because they didnt give refund to farmers.A.The catalogs were helpful with the study of students.B.They used the catalogs to place orders.C.Their textbooks were not as good as the catalogs.D.The prices of thing
35、s in the catalogs were low.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Something is wrong with her car.B.The cost of the fuel is high.C.Its cheap to take bus.D.She thinks public transportation is environmental friendly.A.The problems of environment pollution.B.A
36、material which can save fuel.C.The installation of pollution filters.D.The way to spray a coat on the engines.A.People can spray confine oxide on their car engines easily.B.The material works as a pollution filter.C.The material saves fuel for it reflects back the heat of burning fuel.D.When burnt,
37、the material will save fuel.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are bused on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He suffers from a blocked nose.B.He suffers from a leaky nose.C.He suffers from a cough.D.All of the above.A.It can increase the spread of infections.B.It can
38、 reduce the spread of infections.C.It is good to other children.D.It is good to the whole family.A.To develop a greater resistance.B.To increase the spread of infections.C.To create a good environment.D.To increase being infected.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just h
39、eard.（分数：21.00）A.Tuition.B.Room-and-board.C.Social activitiesD.All of the above.A.More than thirty six thousand dollars.B.More than fourteen thousand dollars.C.Twenty thousand dollars.D.Less than seventy-four dollars.A.A Statement of Financial Responsibility.B.A bank letter or statement.C.A proof of
40、 anyone who will help with payments from a bankD.A letter from the students high school.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A novel named Uncle Toms Cabin.B.The harshness of the plantation life.C.Works about the south.D.Works about the village lif
41、e.A.Village life in the south.B.Customs of the south.C.Village life in the New England states.D.The Civil War.A.Because she wrote about village life in her best works.B.Because she was the first one to use local dialect for her characters in her works.C.Because she wrote about the customs of the vil
42、lages with a bit imagination.D.Because her settings were often described actually and in detail.A.Because she did not like the life of the south.B.Because she was born in the south and was tired of the life there.C.Because she was a teacher.D.Because she was familiar with the life there.六、Section C(
43、总题数：1，分数：77.00)Man lives in communities. His social existence restricts his (36) in certain directions and extends it in others. Society (37) on him some limitations. People do not all engage in the same activities. They can be (38) from each other by the functions they perform. This process of diff
44、erentiation is called specialization. Specialization prevents many members of an industrial society from developing intelligence and (39) . But some aspects of human society extend them beyond a point which can be (40) by animals or animal communities lacking the features which human society (41) po
45、ssesses.Western type (42) often claim that they provide “equality of opportunity“ for all their citizens. At first sight it might seem that this implies the same chance for everyone of succeeding in his (43) occupation provided he is conscious of his goal and is willing to work hard. What the phrase
46、 actually implies is something rather different namely a competitive situation in which the number of competitors exceeds the number of rewards, (44) . However, it is only in theory that they all start equal. Even if the state offers them free education and protects them from hunger or extreme pover
47、ty, (45) . A process of invisible or hidden selection goes on which has very little to do with “equality of opportunity“ in any sense. It is not the individual who selects his job; (46) （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，
48、分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to it all, it can he overwhelming and sometimes (47) October is-usually the busiest month in the academic calendar. Universities have something called Freshets Week for their newcomers. Its a great (48) to make new friends, join lots of clubs and (49) into university life.Howe
