1、大学四级-1073 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the picture below and then elaborate your opinion towards smoking. You sh
2、ould write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)（分数：35.50）A.From upstairs.B.From next door.C.From the Nelsons“ house.D.From the back door.A.The man should go Edinburgh by air.B.The man should go Edinburgh by train.C
3、.The man should go Edinburgh by ship.D.The man should go Edinburgh by coach.A.At a wedding.B.On a honeymoon.C.In Florida.D.At an airport.A.At 2:35.B.At 2:45.C.At 3:00.D.At 3:15.A.It“s very well written.B.He doesn“t believe it“s missing so many pages.C.He“s amazed at the length.D.He wants to look it
4、over.（分数：21.30）A.He didn“t watch the program previously.B.He is not usually interested in watching documentaries.C.He doesn“t have time to help the woman with her project.D.He knew when the program was shown.A.Johnson“s classmate.B.Johnson“s father.C.Johnson“s brother.D.Johnson“s friend.A.Change a n
5、ew suitcase for her.B.Give her store credit.C.Refuse to replace her suitcase.D.Promise to give a refund.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.Where to live the following year.B.When to move.C.How much time to spend at home.D.Whose house to visit.A.A student
6、 and a professor.B.A student and the director of the housing office.C.Two students.D.Two housing office staff members.A.Inform the director of student housing in a letter.B.Take some money to the housing office.C.Deposit some money in the bank.D.Maintain a high grade average.A.There are too many fre
7、shmen.B.It costs too much.C.The rooms are too small.D.It“s too noisy.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.In the middle of the semester.B.At the beginning of exams.C.At the end of the school year.D.In the middle of summer vacation.A.To a rock and mineral
8、show.B.To an opera at the concert hall.C.To a movie at the student center.D.To a popular music concert.A.She gets a student“s discount.B.Bob doesn“t have very much money.C.She lost a bet and owes Bob money.D.Bob left his wallet at home.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions
9、 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.In about 20 years.B.Within a week.C.In a couple of weeks.D.As early as possible.A.Yes, of course.B.Possibly not.C.Not mentioned.D.Definitely not.A.Her complaint was ignored.B.The store sent her the correct order.C.The store apologiz
10、ed for their mistake.D.The store picked up the wrong items.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.To learn the chemical elements in the Ice Age.B.To learn the pattern of solar wind activity.C.To learn the composition of different tre
11、es.D.To learn what“s been happening on the sun“s surface.A.The lifecycle of trees.B.The number of trees.C.The intensity of solar burning.D.The quality of air.A.It affects the growth of trees.B.It has been increasing since the Ice Age.C.It is determined by the chemicals in the air.D.It follows a cert
12、ain cycle.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：28.40)Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.They haven“t reached a decision yet.B.They have decided to go hunting bears.C.They want to go hunting camping.D.They want to go exploring the country.A.Susie.B.Tom.C.The speaker.D.Th
13、e speaker“s husband.A.They chased the bear away.B.They stayed outside the tent and did nothing.C.They climbed up a tree.D.They put some honey outside for the bear to eat.A.He ate the honey.B.He drank the beer.C.He chased the people away.D.He turned things upside down.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Micha
14、el Jordan is an American 1 basketball player in the NBA, who led the Chicago Bulls to five NBA 2 . Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, and 3 in Wilmington, North Carolina. Jordan began to play with the Chicago Bulls team in the NBA in 4 . He finished his first 5 as one of the top 6 in the league,
15、 with an 7 of 28.2 points per game; he also made the first of his eight All-Star game 8 . He led the NBA in scoring for nine seasons, and averaged more than 30 points per game in each season. He became the Chicago Bull“s all-time leading scorer. He led the Chicago Bulls to their first NBA championsh
16、ip title in 1991. With Jordan, the Bulls won again in 1992, 1993, 1996 and 1997. Jordan was also 9 the United States Olympic basketball team, known as the worldwide celebrity 10 his success in the NBA and the Olympics, and his numerous commercial endorsements. （分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
17、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)The owner of a copyright has essentially two ways available to exploit the copyright. First, he or she can transfer the copyright to another party, possibly in 1 for a fixed sum or payment of royal
18、tiesthis is known as 2 the copyright. The new owner can then 3 the copyright in the same way as the 4 author could have done. 5 , the author can grant one or more licenses to copy the work. A license is essentially a written 6 to allow someone to do something which would otherwise be unlawful. Licen
19、ses may be either exclusive or non-exclusive. Exclusive licenses mean that only the 7 of the license can carry out certain restricted acts (even the owner is then prevented from carrying out these acts). For example, the author might 8 an exclusive license to distribute a book he or she has written:
20、 the author could not then grant a separate license to another publisher to publish the same book. A non-exclusive license does not prevent the copyright owner from granting 9 rights to other people. In principle, copyright assignment and license can become quite 10 since it is impossible to assign
21、or license only part of the right existing in a copyright. A. author B. Alternatively C. permission D. Formally E. complex F. grant G. original H. different I. recipient J. assigning K. principle L. similar M. enabling N. return O. exploit（分数：35.50）十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Origins of TheatreA
22、. In seeking to describe the origins of Theatre, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, envisions Theatre as emerging out of m
23、yth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes bot
24、h desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions i
25、nto fixed ceremonies, or rituals. B. Stories (myths) may then grow up around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of those supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence. Performers may wear costumes and masks to represent the mythical characters or supernatural
26、forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations. As a person becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships may change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. But the myths that have grown up around the rites may continue as part of the g
27、roup“s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward Theatre as an autonomous activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and socially effic
28、acious concerns. C. Although origin in ritual has long been the most popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the Theatre came into being. Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative. Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamental human pleasures. Thus
29、, the recalling of an event (a hunt, a battle, or other feats) is elaborated through the narrator“s pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person. D. A closely related theory sees Theatre as evolving out of dances that are primarily pantomimic, rhyt
30、hmical or gymnastic, or from imitations of animal noises and sounds. Admiration for the performer“s skill, virtuosity, and grace are seen as motivation for elaborating the activities into fully realized theatrical performances. E. In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of Theatre, scholar
31、s have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop Theatre. Why did Theatre develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth c
32、entury BC, sees humans as naturally imitativeas taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms tha
33、n those encountered in daily life. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The Theatre, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape fro
34、m unpleasant realities. F. But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous Theatre. Therefore, additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems. For example, one sign of this condit
35、ion is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition that contributes to the development of autonomous Theatre is the emergen
36、ce of the aesthetic sense. For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rath
37、er than for their religious usefulness. G. Theatre is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of ge
38、sture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of design and stagecraft are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience. The specific place of the performance is also named by the word “theatre“ as derived from the Ancient Greek word “thatron“, “a place for viewing“, i
39、tself from “theomai“, “to see“, “to watch“, “to observe“. H. Modem Western theatre derives in large measure from ancient Greek drama, from which it borrows technical terminology, classification into genres, and many of its themes, stock characters, and plot elements. Theatre scholar Patrice Paris de
40、fines theatricality, theatrical language, stage writing, and the specificity of theatre as synonymous expressions that differentiate theatre from the other performing arts, literature, and the arts in general. I. Theatre today includes performances of plays and musicals. Although it can be defined b
41、roadly to include opera and ballet, those art forms are outside the scope of this article. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans. The Roman historian Livy wrote that the Romans first experienced theatre in the 4th century BCE, with a performance by Etruscan actors. The
42、 theatre of ancient Rome was a thriving and diverse art form, ranging from festival performances of street theatre, nude dancing, and acrobatics, to the staging of Plautus“s broadly appealing situation comedies, to the high-style, verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca.（分数：71.00）(1).Because we can n
43、ot find a lot of concrete evidence, one must rely mainly on thinking, in order to find the origins of Theatre.（分数：7.10）(2).Since there has been a long period from the beginning of theatre, which today includes performances of plays and musicals.（分数：7.10）(3).In the old time, there were a lot of ritua
44、ls from which the myths may then grow up and develop.（分数：7.10）(4).Technical terminology, classification into genres, and themes, stock characters, and plot elements are the bases on which the modem western theatre is built.（分数：7.10）(5).Since there are different groups of idea, the origin in ritual i
45、s by no means the only theory about how the Theatre came into being.（分数：7.10）(6).According to the Ancient Greek, the word “theatre“ means a place for viewing, a place to watch the program.（分数：7.10）(7).Motivation for elaborating the activities is admiration for the performer“s skill, virtuosity, and
46、grace.（分数：7.10）(8).The Theatre includes not only the human imitative instinct but also a penchant for fantasy to become self-sufficient.（分数：7.10）(9).According to Aristotle, all human beings share the same imitative instinct, which is taking pleasure in imitating persons.（分数：7.10）(10).Some rites are
47、abandoned by people in the early society because the members don“t think the rites have a close relationship with their expectation.（分数：7.10）十二、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The academics, at Miami University of Ohio, fill in questionnaires anonymously, evaluating their bosse
48、s“ effectiveness, with room to add more detailed remarks at the end. These comments are summarised and returned to all academic staff in the department, who agree whether the summary is fair, and the evaluation is then used not only to inform individual chairs about what sort of job they are doing,
49、but also whether a pay rise or promotion should be in the offing. This kind of evaluation is relatively common in American universities. But U. K. universities have always been much warier about the idea. Now union members at the University of Sussex want this to change, proposing that all academic staff should be given the chanc
