1、大学四级-1071 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the importance of innovation. You should g
2、ive sound arguments to support your views and write at least 120 to 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)（分数：35.50）A.He will change his attitude to her.B.He won“t revenge himself on her.C.He has done her wrong by accident.D.He hasn“t been hard on the
3、woman.A.It culturally links the United States and China.B.It“s one of the most translated short novels.C.It“s a best-selling romance in America.D.Its author became popular for his language talent.A.They stay closed until summer comes.B.They cater chiefly to tourists.C.They are busy all the year roun
4、d.D.They provide quality service to their customers.A.Her mild temper.B.Her broad knowledge.C.Her teaching style.D.Her detailed answers.A.Quit their jobs at the same time.B.Take an adventurous trip with their savings.C.Enrich their poor knowledge in business.D.Establish a firm in collaboration.（分数：2
5、1.30）A.It was withdrawn from the shelf as a back issue.B.It is not available unless it has been reserved.C.It hasn“t been returned by the borrower.D.It won“t come out until July 26.A.Its rapid growth is beneficial to the world.B.It can be seen as a model by the rest of the world.C.Its success can“t
6、be explained by elementary economics.D.It will continue to surge forward in the future.A.It takes only 5 minutes to reach the campus from the apartments.B.Most students can“t afford to live in the new apartments.C.The new apartments are not available until next month.D.The new apartments can accommo
7、date 500 students.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Since Friday.B.Since Saturday.C.Since Sunday.D.Since Monday.A.He has a cold.B.He has the flu.C.He has a stomachache.D.He has a toothache.A.Take herbal medicine.B.See another doctor.C.Drink chicken soup
8、.D.Stay in bed.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.Walk the dog.B.Clean the house.C.Go to the dentist“s.D.Finish her assignment.A.12:30 pm.B.2:00 pm.C.4:30 pm.D.5:30pm.A.Exciting.B.Rewarding.C.Disappointing.D.Exhausting.A.They can“t decide on a video.B.S
9、usan“s mother is going to use the video machine.C.Susan will be asked to do something else.D.The machine isn“t working.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：28.40)Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.About seven million.B.Half of the American popula
10、tion.C.25% of American people.D.About 25 million.A.They are older than young people.B.The young people will soon be in charge of the nation.C.The students today have strong opinions.D.They youth“s ideas are something wrong.A.The lives of their parents.B.Making a better life for all people.C.The trou
11、ble in American families.D.The strong opinions.A.They feel much is wrong with the lives of their parents.B.They see clearly what is right and good in the lives of their parents.C.They feel that everything about the lives of their parents is acceptable.D.They feel nothing is right and good in the liv
12、es of their parents.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Crimes committed by young people.B.Crimes committed by needy people.C.Criminal behavior committed by adult.D.Stealing and violence.A.They are usually poor and in need.B.They
13、do not have as much freedom or money as they want.C.They live in an environment where everybody knows each other.D.They are not satisfied with the adult world.A.The family and the school.B.The adults and the mass media.C.The society and the young people.D.The young people themselves.七、Passage Three(
14、总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Diet.B.Sleep.C.Space.D.Stress.A.They tend to reproduce more.B.They may show more signs of violence.C.They can eat and sleep better.D.They may commit suicide.A.Rats can populate rapidly.B.Population explosion
15、can lead to violence.C.Over-crowdedness may have the same effects on man.D.It is a natural law that animals live and die.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more curious, less afraid of what he doesn“t know, better at finding
16、 and 1 things, more confident, resourceful, persistent and 2 , than he will ever be again in his schooling or, unless he is very unusual and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention to and 3 the world and people around him, and without any school-type formal 4 , he ha
17、s done a task far more difficult, complicated and abstract than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the 5 of language. He has discovered itbabies don“t even know that language 6 and he has found out how it works and learnt to use i
18、t 7 . He has done it by 8 , by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, by trying it out and seeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and 9 it until it does work. And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, including many of the
19、 10 that the schools think only they can teach him, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him. （分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)When retailers want to entice c
20、ustomers to buy a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in The Journal of Marketing , they are missing a 1 . A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesota“s Carlson School of Management, looked at consumers“ atti
21、tudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that most people are 2 at fractions. Consumers often 3 to realise, for example, that a 50% increase in quantity is the same as a 33% discount in price. They overwhelm
22、ingly assume the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand lotion when it was 4 in a bonus pack than when it carried an equivalent discount. This numerical blind spot remains even when the deal clearly favor the discounted product. In another experiment, this time
23、on his undergraduates, Mr. Rao offered two deals on loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% off the price. The discount is by far the better proposition, but the 5 clever students viewed them as equivalent. Studies have shown other ways in which retailers can exploit consumers“ innumeracy. One is
24、to confuse them with double discounting. People are more likely to see a 6 in a product that has been reduced by 20%, and then by an additional 25%, than one which has been bargain to an equivalent, one-off, 40% 7 . Marketing types can draw lessons beyond just pricing, says Mr. Rao. When advertising
25、 a new car“s 8 , for example, it is more 9 to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage fall in fuel 10 . A. bargain B. consumption C. convincing D. deduction E. doubtfully F. efficiency G. hopeless H. afforded I. paid J. persuading K. reduction L
26、. struggle M. supposedly N. trick O. useless（分数：35.50）十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Big PictureA. It is lunchtime at Eastside Elementary School in Clinton, Mississippi, the fattest state in the fattest country in the Western world. Uniformed lunch ladies stand at the ready. Nine-year-olds line up
27、dutifully, trays in hand. Yes to chocolate milk, yes to fried chicken sandwiches, yes to orange jelly, no to salad. Bowls of lettuce and tomatoes sit side to side, rejected. Regina Ducksworth, in charge of Clinton“s lunch menu, sighs. “Broccoli (西兰花) is very popular,“ she says, reassuringly. B. Pers
28、uading children to eat vegetables is hardly a new straggle, nor would it seem to rank high on the list of global priorities. In an age of plenty, individuals have the luxury of eating what they like. Yet America is now worrying about how its citizens eat and how much exercise they take. It has becom
29、e an issue of national concern. C. Two-thirds of American adults are overweight. This is defined as having a body mass index ( BMI, a common measure of obesity) of 25 or more, which for a man standing 175cm tall means a weight of 77kg or more. Alarmingly, 36% of adults and 17% of children are not ju
30、st overweight but obese, with a BMI of at least 30, meaning they weigh 92kg or more at the same height. If current trends continue, by 2030 nearly half of American adults could be obese. Americans may be shocked by these numbers, but for the rest of the world they fit a stereotype. Hamburgers, sodas
31、 and ice-creams are considered as American as the Stars and Stripes. D. The rest of the world should not scoff at Americans, because belts in many other places are stretched too, as shown by new data from Majid Ezzati of Imperial College, London, and Gretchen Stevens of the World Health Organisation
32、 (WHO). Some continental Europeans remain relatively slender. Swiss women are the slimmest, and most French women don“t get fat, as they like to brag (though nearly 15% do). But in Britain 25% of all women are obese, with men following close behind at 24%. E. And it is not just the rich world that i
33、s too big for its own good. The world“s two main hubs for obesity are the Pacific islands and the Gulf region. Mexican adults are as fat as their northernneighbours. In Brazil the tall and slender are being replaced by the pudgy, with 53% of adults overweight in 2008. Even in China, one adult in fou
34、r is overweight or obese, with higher rates among city-dwellers. In all, according to Dr Ezzati, in 2008 about 1.5 billion adults, or roughly one-third of the world“s adult population, were overweight or obese. Obesity rates were nearly double those in 1980. F. Not long ago the world“s main worry wa
35、s that people had too little to eat. Malnourishment remains a serious concern in some regions: some 16% of the world“s children, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, were underweight in 2010. But 20 years earlier the figure was 24%. In a study of 36 developing countries, based on data from 1
36、992 to 2000, Barry Popkin of the University of North Carolina found that most of them had more overweight than underweight women. G. The clearest explanation of this extraordinary modern phenomenon comes from a doctor who lived in the 5th century BC. “As a general rule,“ Hippocrates wrote, “the cons
37、titutions and the habits of a people follow the nature of the land where they live.“ Men and women of all ages and many cultures did not choose gluttony and laziness over moderation and hard work in the space of just a few decades. Rather, their surroundings changed dramatically, and with them their
38、 behaviour. Much of the shift is due to economic growth. BMI rises in line with GDP up to $5,000 per person per year, then the correlation ends. Greater wealth means that bicycles are abandoned for motorbikes and cars, and work in the fields is exchanged for sitting at a desk. In rich countries the
39、share of the population that gets insufficient exercise is more than twice as high as in poor ones. H. Very importantly, argues Boyd Swinburn of Deakin University in Melbourne, diets change. Families can afford to eat more food of all kinds, and particularly those high in fat and sugar. Mothers spen
40、d more time at work and less time cooking. Food companies push their products harder. Richard Wrangham of Harvard University says that heavily processed food may have helped increase obesity rates. Softer foods take less energy to break down and finely milled grains can be digested more completely,
41、so the body absorbs more calories. I. These global changes react with local factors to create different problems in different regions. In some countries malnutrition is leading to higher obesity rates. Undernourished mothers produce babies who tend to gain weight easily, which makes children in fast
42、-developing countries particularly prone to getting fat. In Mexico unreliable tap water and canny marketing have helped make the country the world“s leading consumer of Coca-Cola: the average adult consumed 728 servings last year. In America junk-food calories are often cheaper than healthy ones. Su
43、burban sprawl and the universal availability of food have made the car the new dining room. In the Middle East, Bedouin traditions of hosting and feasting have combined with wealth to make overeating a nightly habit. Any inclination to exercise is discouraged by heat and cultural restrictions. J. To
44、gether, these dissimilar changes have caused more and more people to become fat. Many cultures used to view a large girth with approval, as a sign of prosperity. But obesity has costs. It lowers workers“ productivity and in the longer term raises the risk of myriad illnesses, including heart disease
45、, strokes and some cancers; it also affects mental health. In America, obesity-related illness accounted for one-fifth of total health-care spending in 2005, according to one paper. K. A huge new global health study, led by Christopher Murray of the University of Washington, shows that since 1990 ob
46、esity has grown faster than any other cause of disease. For women a high BMI is now the third-largest driver of illness. At the same time childhood mortality has dropped and the average age of the world“s population has risen rapidly. In combination these trends may mark a shift in public-health pri
47、orities. Increasingly, early death is less of a worry than decades spent alive and sick. L. It is plain that obesity has become a huge problem, that the factors influencing it are hard to untangle and that reversing it will involve difficult choices. Radical moves such as banning junk food would go
48、against individuals“ freedom to eat what they like. Instead, some governments are cautiously spurring their citizens to eat less and exercise more, and food companies are offering at least some healthier foods. M. In a few places obesity rates seem to be leveling, but for now waistlines in most coun
49、tries continue to widen. Jiang He and his colleagues at Tulane University have estimated that by 2030 the global number of overweight and obese people may double to 3.3 billion. That would have huge implications for individuals, governments, employers, food companies and makers of pharmaceuticals (药品).（分数：71.00）(1).Economic growth
