1、大学四级-1063 及答案解析(总分：710.04，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to send your apologies to one of your teachers because you were late. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part List
2、ening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：106.50)Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. （分数：31.50）A.The highest price of gold on Asian markets.B.The highest price of gold on African markets.C.The lowest price of gold on Asian markets.D.The lowest price of gold on Afri
3、can markets.A.When the price fell to its lowest level.B.When gold prices reached investors“ set targets.C.When lots of physical gold was consumed.D.When they are in the futures market.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. （分数：30.00）A.Birds and bats may fly into the turn
4、ing blades.B.Birds and bats can“t stand high wind speed.C.Wind turbines can produce electricity.D.Wind turbines can release poisonous gas.A.It is made of iron.B.It is made of steel.C.It is made of plastic.D.It is made of paperboard.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. （
5、分数：45.00）A.The hot conditions.B.The cold conditions.C.The wet conditions.D.The dry conditions.A.Pollution will be more serious in popular beaches.B.Water quality may reach the lowest level.C.People may become infected with diseases.D.A warning system will be extremely urgent.A.Less than 18 hours.B.1
6、8 to 24 hours.C.More than 24 hours.D.More than 48 hours.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：71.00)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：35.52）A.She hasn“t seen snow.B.She doesn“t like skiing.C.She is afraid of skiing.D.She lives very far away from the skifield.A.Act like a cat.B.
7、Go up step by step.C.Stand in the middle.D.Go up as quickly as possible.A.Cross the tips.B.Stop leaning forward.C.Point the tips together.D.Move to a gentle place.A.Pleased but afraid.B.Happy but nervous.C.Pleased and proud.D.Excited and satisfied.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you
8、 have just heard. （分数：35.52）A.She is honest and hardworking.B.She is very competent for the job.C.She likes her job very much.D.She is hardworking but not competent.A.Designing a terrific web.B.Designing a basic web.C.Building a terrific BBS.D.Designing a terrific program.A.She learned the skills at
9、 a famous university.B.She didn“t do well at school.C.She learned the skills by herself.D.She received some professional training.A.Let her leave immediately.B.Get an experienced man to help her.C.Fire her in a week.D.Give her some professional training.五、Section C(总题数：3，分数：71.00)Questions 16 to 18
10、are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Sipping a glass of Wine before getting into bed.B.Drinking a cup of tea one hour before sleep.C.Exercising one or two hours before bedtime.D.Taking a hot shower half an hour before bedtime.A.Listen to some music.B.Get out of bed till being sl
11、eepy again.C.Keep the lights on all night.D.Read some interesting articles.A.Approaches to get a better night“s sleep.B.The harm of lack of sleep.C.Effects of modern technology on sleep.D.Benefits of a good sleep.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.Her teache
12、r found that she had great skill.B.She didn“t have trouble at school any more.C.She could follow all the rules from then on.D.She found she could express herself with painting.A.She deposited it in the bank.B.She gave it to the sick children.C.She contributed it to charitable organizations.D.She gav
13、e it out to those who needed it.A.He hasn“t completed his biggest charity project until now.B.He got a message from Obama and lawmakers.C.He asked for help for those homeless children in America.D.He managed to raise tens of thousands of dollars.A.He enjoyed community service work ever since he was
14、very little.B.He once walked around with his little red wagon giving water after a hurricane.C.He made a project called “From My House to the White House.“D.He drove a little red wagon when he collected money for homeless children.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：
15、21.30）A.It doesn“t work as expected.B.It can do harm to children.C.It can find out serious injuries.D.It can provide a detailed image of the brain.A.Many children suffered greatly from brain injuries.B.Many children were threatened by lung cancer.C.Children suffered more from brain injuries than fro
16、m cancer.D.Children had a high risk of developing cancer.A.When a child aged two has no broken bones in the skull.B.When a child aged ten lose consciousness.C.When a child aged one has no serious headache.D.When a child aged nine has normal mental activity.六、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Sectio
17、n A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)So-called “green roofs“ urban rooftops covered with grasses, plants and other types of greeneryare becoming increasingly popular around the world. In France, newly built commercial rooftops must have either greenery or solar panels, according to a recent law. The logic is obvious:
18、 Green roofs can reduce the retention (滞留) of 1 in urban areas, help to cool down buildings and thereby lower their energy use, and even pull some carbon dioxide from the air and 2 it back into plant growth. Plus, they look cool. But the psychological benefits of green roofs to busy office workers m
19、ay also be 3 , according to new research. In a study published in the journal Environmental Psychology , the University of Melbourne“s Kate Lee and a group of colleagues found that interrupting a tedious, attention-demanding task with a 40-second “microbreak“in which one 4 looks at a computerized im
20、age of a green roofimproved focus as well as subsequent 5 on the task. The research adds to a growing scientific 6 on the health advantagespsychological and otherwiseof being exposed to views of nature in urban settings, for instance through the presence of parks or trees. Research in this area is s
21、o far along, in fact, that researchers are considering whether it might be possible to 7 the right “dose“ of nature that people need to receive in order to actually 8 significant health benefits. Other psychological benefits of nature views have also been 9 in recent literature. In one study, resear
22、ch subjects who viewed a 12-minute nature documentary before playing a game that involved managing a fishery resource engaged in more 10 behavior. A. accidentally B. appearance C. captured D. different E. easily F. feed G. give H. heat I. identify J. literature K. performance L. reap M. simply N. su
23、bstantial O. sustainable（分数：35.50）八、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)We“ve Been Imagining Mountains All Wrong, Say ScientistsA. From the simplest sketches to the most advanced scientific models, illustrations of mountains pretty much all look the same. Their classic pyramid form, wider at the bottom and nar
24、rowing all the way up to the top, has been ingrained in the human mind, and scientists have always assumed that the land area in mountain ranges decreases the higher you climb. Until now, that is. B. New research published Monday in Nature Climate Change reveals a surprising discovery that not only
25、changes the way we think about mountains but could also have big implications for how we understand, monitor and protect the organisms that call them home. It turns out mountain ranges don“t just come in the familiar pyramid formin fact, most of them have a different shape entirely. C. Researchers M
26、organ Tingley and Paul Elsen used satellite data on mountain ranges from around the globe to analyze how the amount of the land area changed with increasing elevation (海拔). They learned that pyramidal mountain ranges account for just 32 percent of the mountain ranges on Earth. Of the remaining mount
27、ain ranges, six percent have an inverse, or upside-down, pyramid form, with the land area increasing toward the top; 23 percent have an hourglass (沙漏) shape, being wider and at the bottom and top and pinched (挤压) in the middle; and 39 percent have a diamond form, with less land areas at the top and
28、bottom and more available in the middle. D. “I did expect that we“d see some patterns that were not this classic pyramid,“ says Elsen, lead author and PhD student in Princeton University“s ecology and evolutionary biology department. In fact, Elsen got interested in conducting the study while doing
29、field research in the Himalayas. He noticed that as he hiked to the tops of the mountains, the land area seemed to increase, rather than decrease, at high elevations. Still, he says, “I had no idea that pyramid mountains would be the exception to the rule.“ E. It“s hard to tell the true form of a mo
30、untain range just by looking at any given mountain peak, since most individual mountains still come to a point at the very top. But mountain ranges are so big, and their topography (地形) so complex, that it would be impossible to observe their true shapes just by looking at them. That“s why the resea
31、rchers had to analyze satellite data, looking at the total surface area in relation to elevation across the whole mountain range, to complete their study. The way the land area is distributed on a landscape scalewhether the greatest area lies at the top, bottom or in the middle when you take into ac
32、count all the slopes, ravines and plateaus that make up the mountainsis what determines a mountain range“s designation as a pyramid, inverse pyramid, diamond or hourglass. F. The finding doesn“t just flip our view of mountain topography. More importantly, it changes our understanding of how climate
33、change can affect mountain-dwelling species, the authors say. Organisms that live on mountains are in a particular pickle when it comes to climate change. These species tend to be highly specialized and do best in particular habitats and narrow temperature ranges. As global temperatures rise, the be
34、st way to find cooler spots is to move higher up on the mountain. But in pyramidal mountain ranges, which get narrower toward the top, moving higher also means losing the land area. Having less available space can cause populations to shrink and can put them at an increased risk of dying out entirel
35、y. G. But Elsen and Tingley“s research shows that the pyramid model doesn“t hold true for all, or even most mountain ranges, meaning space shortages might not always fall where scientists think they do. In hourglass mountains, for example, the most constricted (狭窄的) space will be in the middle of th
36、e mountain, rather than at the top. On the other hand, species on diamond mountains will see the widest spaces in the middle. And species on inverse pyramids will enjoy increasing land areas all the way up to the top of the mountain. H. “I think this is critical information that will really inform o
37、ur understanding of mountain species,“ says Robert Guralnick, a biodiversity scientist and curator (馆长) at the University of Florida“s natural history museum, who was not involved with the study. “The models we“ve been using are typically that mountain ranges are narrowing toward the top.“ More real
38、istic models and a better understanding of mountain topography can help conservationists make better decisions when monitoring and managing mountain species, the paper“s authors say. “This is absolutely an important study for informing our conservation policy,“ Elsen says. Knowing where the land are
39、a is likely to be scarce can help conservationists target the right places and the right species. I. In some cases, new knowledge could even indicate that climate change doesn“t threaten a species in quite the way scientists thought. The Himalayan monal, for example, is a colorful bird that lives in
40、 the Himalayan mountains, which have the hourglass form. Currently, the bird prefers an elevation that“s right in the middle of the hourglass, says Morgan Tingley, senior author and assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Connecticut. So space may be pinched for
41、it now, but if warming temperatures force the bird into higher elevations, it will likely enjoy more space as it moves upward. J. On the other hand, a bright little bird called the beautiful nuthatchwhich is already classified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Na
42、turelives just below the pinched part of the hourglass. If it were to flee to higher ground, it would lose the land area. “This current research is showing that there are potentially optimistic futures for some species, and it“s also highlighting these bottleneck zones,“ Elsen says. K. The research
43、is also relevant for species that move downslope in response to climate change, chasing the increased precipitation that comes with warmer temperatures. Before now, most scientists might have assumed that any species moving downhill would be able to take advantage of greater and greater land areas a
44、s it moved along. Now we know that in certain mountain ranges, these species may actually encounter a shortage in space as they move toward the base of the mountain, and their populations may shrink as a result.（分数：71.00）(1).As for inverse pyramidal mountains, species have wider land areas all the w
45、ay up.（分数：7.10）(2).The Himalayas have got wider land areas at higher elevations.（分数：7.10）(3).The mountain areas are too large and complex for researchers to observe so that satellites have to be used in order to get exact data.（分数：7.10）(4).Most people have got the same idea about how a mountain look
46、s like, which is a typical pyramid form.（分数：7.10）(5).The more conservationists know about mountain models and topography, the better they can monitor and manage mountain species.（分数：7.10）(6).In pyramidal mountain ranges species that move to a higher and cooler place are faced with the lack of the la
47、nd area and finally the risk of extinction.（分数：7.10）(7).Except for the pyramid form, mountain ranges have got other forms like the inverse pyramid form, an hourglass shape and a diamond form.（分数：7.10）(8).The finding changes our understanding of how climate change can affect species living in the mou
48、ntains.（分数：7.10）(9).The current research indicates that there are good opportunities as well as some dangers for some mountain species.（分数：7.10）(10).That scientists used to think that species moving downhill would live in a wider area may not be true according to the current knowledge of different m
49、ountain ranges.（分数：7.10）九、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Everyone worries about catching a cold at the office, but if you“ve got a mean co-worker you might also be in danger of catching their rudeness, according to new research from the Journal of Applied Psychology . To reach their findings, researchers from the University of Florida tracked 90 graduate business school students practicing negotiation techniques with classmates, with each person practicing with multipl
