1、大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)A 类研究生决赛英语真题 2008 年(无听力)及答案解析(总分：137.98，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart I Listenin(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.1-30 略（分数：30.00）填空项 1:_二、BPart Vocabula(总题数：15，分数：15.00)2.You have managed to bungle every task Ive given you so far. _, I am prepared to give you one last chance.（分数：1.00）A.OverallB.RegardlessC.Neve
2、rthelessD.Furthermore3.Westinghouse is close to completing its transformation into _ with the sale of its power-generation business to Siemens of Germany for $1.53 billion.（分数：1.00）A.a media companyB.the companys mediaC.the company mediaD.mass medias company4.The pilot spoke to the passengers to _ t
3、heir fears when the plane was hit by a storm.（分数：1.00）A.chokeB.strikeC.deterD.allay5.Astronomers have learned that the spectacular tails of comets are extremely tenuous bodies, _ particles that the pressure of light can bend them.（分数：1.00）A.comprising the leastB.composed of such minuteC.composed of
4、very largeD.having so small number of6.Occasionally serious crimes are committed there but they are _ incidents, not part of a widespread problem.（分数：1.00）A.detachedB.solitaryC.isolatedD.separated7.Ginger, pepper, cinnamon and some other aromatic flavours might be used for seasoning meat and fish, _
5、 was particularly important when there were no refrigerators.（分数：1.00）A.thatB.whatC.thereD.which8.The arguments among the staff dont _ a good atmosphere in the office.（分数：1.00）A.make forB.get atC.head forD.build to9.When I got back, they had eaten the whole cake and just a few _ were left on the pla
6、te.（分数：1.00）A.grainsB.crumbsC.dropsD.shreds10.He can only blame himself for failing the exam. He _ harder during the year, but he seemed to go out with a different gift every weekend.（分数：1.00）A.would have workedB.should have workedC.must workD.ought to work11.Your correspondence and relations with W
7、alter are known to me; _ connected with the disappearance of Mr. Barlow.（分数：1.00）A.so are the circumstancesB.as well as the circumstancesC.the circumstances are as wellD.as well are the circumstances12._ various internal and external sources of finance that a business can employ when seeking to fund
8、 its operations.（分数：1.00）A.It existsB.There existC.There isD.It does13.Because of his poor health, it took him a long time to _ his bad cold.（分数：1.00）A.throw overB.throw awayC.throw downD.throw off14.In adults similar symptoms of scurvy develop in people _ who have been deprived of fresh food for a
9、long time.（分数：1.00）A.such as sailors or the otherB.as sailors or otherC.such as sailors or anotherD.like sailors or others15.Doctor: Morning, Mr. White. Come in. And what can I do for you today? Patient: Well, doctor, _ I often wake up at 3:00 in the morning and I just cant get back to sleep. Doctor
10、: I see and how long has this been going on? Patient: Oh, about a month now. I wonder if you could prescribe something.（分数：1.00）A.Im having difficulty sleeping.B.Im watching TV every night.C.Im getting too much sleep.D.Im eating too much.16.Man: Im afraid I got stopped by the police for speeding tod
11、ay, dear. Woman: Oh no, David. You didnt, did you ! Man: _. Woman: Thats dreadful. We cant afford that. You really should drive more slowly!（分数：1.00）A.No, I met a friend on my way home.B.No, I had to pay a lot of money for parking.C.Yes, I was caught by a policeman.D.Yes, I got an on the spot fine o
12、f $ 280.00.三、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：5.00)BSection A/BInstructions: There is one passage in this section with 5 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line t
13、hrough the centre.Questions 46 -50 are based on the following passage.The best way to learn is to teach. This is the message emerging from experiments in several schools in which teenage pupils who have problems at school themselves are tutoring younger children-with remarkable results for both side
14、s.According to American research, pupil tutoring wins “hands down“ over computerized instruction and American teachers say that no other recent innovation has proved so consistently successful.Now the idea is spreading in Britain. Throughout this term, a group of 14-year-olds at Trinity Comprehensiv
15、e in Leamington Spa have been spending an hour a week helping children at a nearby primary school with their reading. The younger children read aloud to their tutors (who are supervised by university students of education) and then play word games with them.All the 14-year-olds have some of their ow
16、n lessons in a special unit for children who have difficulties at school. Though their intelligence is around average, most of them have fallen behind in reading, writing and maths and in some cases. This has led to truancy or bad behaviour in class.Jean Bond, who is running the special unit, while
17、on sabbatical from Warwick Universitys education department, says that the main benefit of tutoring is that it improves the adolescents self-esteem. “The younger children come rushing up every time and welcome them. It makes the tutors feel important whereas, in normal school lessons, they often fee
18、l inadequate. Everyone benefits. The older children need practice in reading but, if they had to do it in their own classes, they would say it was kids stuff and be worried about losing face. The younger children get individual attention from very patient people. The tutors are struggling at school
19、themselves, so when the younger ones cant learn, they know exactly why. “The tutors agree. “When I was little, I used to skive and say that I couldnt do things when I really could,“ says Mark Greger. “The boy Ive been teaching does the same. He says he cant read a page of his book so I tell him that
20、 if he does do it, we can play a game. That works. “The young children speak warmly of their new teachers. “He doesnt shout like our teachers,“ says eight-year-old Jenny of her tutor, Cliff MeFarlane who, among his own teachers, has a reputation for being a handful. Yet Cliff sees himself as a tough
21、 teacher. “If they get a word wrong,“ he says, “I keep them at it until they get it right. “Jean Bond, who describes pupil tutoring as an “Ueducational conjuring trick/U“, has run two previous experiments. In one, six persistent truants, aged 15 upwards, tutored 12 slow-learning infants in reading a
22、nd maths. None of the six played truant from any of the tutoring sessions. “The degree of concentration they showed while working with their pupils was remarkable for pupils who had previously shown little ability to concentrate on anything related to schoolwork for any period of time,“ says Bond. T
23、he tutors became “reliable, conscientious caring individuals“.Their own reading, previously mechanical and monotonous, became far more expressive as a result of reading stories aloud to infants. Their view of education, which they had previously dismissed as “crap“ and “a waste of time“, was transfo
24、rmed. They became firmly resolved to teach their own children to read before starting school because, as one of them put it, “If they go for a job and they cant write, theyre not going to employ you, are they?“ The tutors also became more sympathetic to their own teachers difficulties, because they
25、were frustrated themselves when the infants “mucked about“.In the seven weeks of the experiment, concludes Bond, “These pupils received more recognition, reward and feelings of worth than they had previously experienced in many years of formal schooling. “ And the infants, according to their own tea
26、chers, showed measurable gains in reading skills by the end of the scheme.（分数：5.00）(1).The majority of the tutors in the Trinity experiment are students who _.（分数：1.00）A.cause discipline problems at schoolB.are unable to read or writeC.frequently stay away from schoolD.have some difficulties in lear
27、ning(2).According to the writer, the young tutors normally wouldnt practise reading in their own class because _.（分数：1.00）A.they consider it humiliatingB.they wouldnt be able to concentrateC.their teachers thought it was not necessaryD.their teachers would get impatient with them(3).The main reason
28、that the young tutors make such successful teachers seems to be that _.（分数：1.00）A.they enjoy being the centre Of attentionB.they know their pupils problems very wellC.they are never strict with their pupilsD.their pupils enjoy playing games with them(4).Pupil tutoring is described as “an educational
29、 conjuring trick“ because _.（分数：1.00）A.everyone understands why it works so wellB.it has caught the attention of the mediaC.educational authorities are suspicious of itD.it is a simple idea with extraordinary results(5).The most significant result of the experiments carried out so far seems to be th
30、at the tutors _.（分数：1.00）A.learnt to overcome their fear of reading aloudB.improved their pupils ability to concentrateC.benefited from an increase in their self-respectD.came to see the importance of reading and writing skills四、BSection B/B(总题数：4，分数：30.00)Instructions: There is one passage in this
31、section with 5 questions. Read the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.If asked, “What are health decisions?“, most of us would answer in terms of hospitals, doctors and pills. Yet we are all making a whole range of decisions about our health which go beyond this limited are
32、a; for example, whether or not to smoke, exercise, drive a motorbike, or drink alcohol really. The ways we reach decisions and form attitudes about our health are only just beginning to be understood.The main paradox is why people consistently do things which are known to be very hazardous. Two good
33、 examples of this are smoking and not wearing seat belts. Both these examples underline elements of how people reach decisions about their health. Understanding this process is crucial. We can then more effectively change public attitudes to hazardous, voluntary activities like smoking.Smokers run d
34、ouble the risk of contracting heart disease, several times the risk of suffering from chronic bronchitis and at least 25 times the risk of lung cancer, as compared to non-smokers. Despite extensive press campaigns ( especially in the past 20 years) , which have regularly told smokers and car drivers
35、 the grave risks they are running, the number of smokers and seat belt wearers has remained much the same. Although the number of deaths from road accidents and smoking are well publicised, they have aroused little public interest.If we give smokers the real figures, will it alter their views on the
36、 dangers of smoking? Unfortunately not. Many of the “real figures“ are in the form of probabilistic estimates, and evidence shows that people are very bad at processing and understanding this kind of information.The kind of information that tends to be relied on both by the smoker and seat belt non-
37、wearer is anecdotal, based on personal experiences. All smokers seem to have an Uncle Bill or an Auntie Mabel who has been smoking cigarettes since they were twelve, lived to 90, and died because they fell down the stairs. And if they dont have such an aunt or uncle, they are certain to have heard o
38、f someone who has. Similarly, many motorists seem to have heard of people who would have been killed if they had been wearing seat belts.Reliance on this kind of evidence and not being able to cope with “probabilistic“ data form the two main foundation stones of peoples assessment of risk. A third i
39、s reliance on press-publicised dangers and causes of death. American psychologists have shown that people overestimate the frequency (and therefore the danger) of the dramatic causes of death (like aeroplane crashes)and underestimate the undramatic, unpublicised killers (like smoking) which actually
40、 take a greater toll of life.What is needed is some way of changing peoples evaluations of and attitudes to the risks of certain activities like smoking. What can be done? The “national“ approach of giving people the “facts and figures“ seems ineffective. But the evidence shows that when people are
41、frightened, they are more likely to change their estimates of the dangers involved in smoking or not wearing seat belts. Press and television can do this very cost-effectively. Programmes like Dying for a Fag (a Thames TV programme) vividly showed the health hazards of smoking and may have increased
42、 the chances of people stopping smoking permanently.So a mass-media approach may work. But it needs to be carefully controlled. Overall, the new awareness of the problem of health decisions and behaviour is at least a more hopeful sign for the future. BFor answers 51-55, mark/BY (for YES) if the sta
43、tement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.（分数：5.00）(1).The way people make decisions that affect their own health is not logical.（分数：1.00）填空项 1
44、:_(2).People are good at processing and understanding “probabilistic“ data about health.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Nowadays more and more people pay attention to their health and lifestyle.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Most people dont regard the danger of smoking as serious as the danger of an aeroplane crash.（分数：1
45、.00）填空项 1:_(5).The mass-media can help people change their view of smoking and not wearing seat belts.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_For answers 56-60, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage in a maximum of 4 words.（分数：5.00）(1).That people are constantly doing things that are known to be
46、dangerous to their health is a main 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Usually, smokers assess the dangers of smoking according to 1 , not the publicized data.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).It is important to change peoples 1 to the risks of certain activities like smoking.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).People will change their ideas
47、 about the dangers involved in smoking or not wearing seat belts, when they are 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).This article discusses why people fail to make good 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_BSection C/BInstructions : In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answe
48、r the questions in a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Start at the beginning: Civil Service clerk, temporary, at the local Ministry of Works depot in my hometown, cant get any lower than that. At the base of the bureaucratic pyramid, buried alive in fact, the temporary clerk is the navy of the Civil Service, without status or security. When I took the job Id only worked in factories, and so I was a bit in awe of the office world
