1、大学四级-9 及答案解析(总分：769.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.学习英语很重要。 2简要介绍你的英语学习经验。 3鼓励她学好英语。（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B Rocket RenaissanceThe Ear of Private Spaceflight Is About to StartBackground/BTwo years ago, people witnessed the first space travel by SpaceShip One. Th
2、ree people were involved in this flight: Burt Rutan, who designed the craft, and Mike Melvill, who flew it-although they were ably assisted by Paul Allen, one of the founders of Microsoft, who paid for it. Certainly, people have long been known that manned spaceflight was possible. What they showed
3、was that it is not just a game for governments. Private individuals can play, too.BPeople involved/BNow, lots of people want to join in, and most of them have just met up at the International Space Development Conference in Los Angeles, to engage in that mixture of camaraderie and competition that c
4、haracterises the beginnings of a new technology. And, as might be expected, they have two of the necessary ingredients of success: ideas and money.First, the money. So far, more than $1 billion is known to have been committed to building private spaceships and the infrastructure to support them. For
5、 example, Mr Rum s follow-up vehicle, SpaceShip Two, is expected to cost its backers, Virgin Galactic, $240m for a fleet of five. The spaceport in New Mexico from which these are intended to fly will account for another $225m, although New Mexicos government is planning to raise this money itself.Th
6、ese are not small sums, of course. On the other hand, Virgin Galactic has already banked $14m of deposits towards the $200,000 fare from people who want to travel on SpaceShip Two, even though it has yet to be built, let alone flown.All this suggests that spaceflight, if not exactly entering the age
7、 of the common man, is at least entering the age of the moderately prosperous enthusiast. For entrepreneurs, it is no longer necessary to have billions of dollars to get into space; millions will now do. And for those who merely wish to travel there, and have enough money in their bank account, real
8、ity is favourable.BGet started/BAs with aircraft a century ago, a lot of designs are competing with each other, and there is no certainty about which will succeed. The initial goal is to build a “suborbital“ vehicle. This will not have to develop the tremendous speed needed to go into orbit around t
9、he Earth. instead, it will travel briefly into space, offering a short thrilling ride out of the atmosphere, a few minutes of weightlessness, and a spectacular view of the planet from about 100kin. Four important criteria are how you take off, what fuel you use, what your craft is made of, and how y
10、ou come back.Most peoples vision of a rocket launch is straight up from the ground. But, of the five vehicles most likely to be developed, two will actually be launched from the air. SpaceShip Two will be carded to high altitude by a purpose-built aircraft known as Eve before its rocket motor is ign
11、ited. And Explorer, a vehicle being designed by Space Adventures, will be launched from the top of a high-altitude Russian research plane called the M-55X, according to Eric Anderson, the firms president and chief executive.As Dennis Jenkins, a consultant engineer at NASA, Americas space agency, poi
12、nts out, this is similar to using a two-stage rocket to get into space, with the aircraft acting as the first stage. However, a plane offers several advantages over a throw-away booster rocket. First, it can be used again. Second, it uses oxygen from the air, rather than having to carry its own oxid
13、ant, which saves weight. Third, it is lifted by wings. That means the atmosphere is an advantage, rather than a hindrance. All this means that the spacecraft itself can be lighter and cheaper.Not everyone wants to run two vehicles, though. Jeff Greason, president of XCOR Aerospace, a firm based in M
14、ojave, California, is developing a two-person, ground-launched suborbital rocketplane called Xerus. Launching from the ground, says Mr. Greason, is more difficult than air launching, but he reckons that in this case it has significantly lower operating costs.BFuel choices/BThe second important desig
15、n choice is the type of fuel. Unlike a jet engine, a rocket carries its own oxidant (氧第剂). This is why it can operate in space. Sometimes that oxidant is oxygen itself, in liquid form. In that case the fuel, too, is usually liquid-either kerosene (煤油) or liquid hydrogen (氢) and the two liquids are s
16、tored in separate tanks until they meet in the rockets combustion chamber. Alternatively, both fuel and oxidant are solid, and are loaded pre-mixed, like the propellant of a firework rocket.SpaceShip Two, though, follows the design of SpaceShip One and is powered by a mixture of the two. The combust
17、ion chamber of a mixture is partly filled with solid fuel but no oxidant. However, the fuel is coated round the inside of the chamber, leaving a hole through the middle into which a liquid or gaseous oxidant can be pumped, and out of which the exhaust emerges. In SpaceShip One, the fuel was rubber a
18、nd the oxidant a liquefied gas called nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮).Proponents of mixture say they are safer than either pure solid or pure liquid rockets. George Whittinghill, Virgin Galactics chief technologist, says that they are safer than solid rockets because the flow of oxidant can be controlled, and
19、 combustion halted, if there is a problem. Solid rockets, like the fireworks they resemble, cannot be stopped until they run out of fuel. On the other hand liquid-fuelled engines, though they can be shut down, are complex and temperamental. As Mr. Whittinghill observes, “they have pumps, seals, valv
20、es and lines everywhere, and there is a lot that potentially could go wrong.“All this rather irrates those working on liquid propulsion. Richard Pournelle, head of investor relations at XCOR Aerospace, says the comparison is unfair. Liquid propulsion is routine in rocketry while hybrids are still ra
21、re. Numbers alone, therefore, mean that liquid-fuelled rockets blow up more often. That, Mr. Pournelle argues, does not prove that they are inherently unsafe. Chuck Lauer, vice- president of business development for Rocketplane, another firm going down the liquid-fuelled route, agrees and argues tha
22、t kerosene is widely used as aviation fuel and nobody complains that it is unsafe.（分数：70.00）(1).It is only two years ago that people became aware of the fact that manned spaceflight was actually possible.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Spaceflight is possible for individuals who want to fly in the space and who
23、 have the money.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The initial goal of building an aircraft is to make the vehicle fly, and speed was not such a primary consideration.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).All of the five vehicles most likely to be developed will be launched from the air.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Although it is possible t
24、o launch the spaceship both from ground and from the air, some people believe its more cost-effective to launch it from ground.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).A consultant engineer at NASA points out that using aircraft acting as the first Stage provides several advantages over a throw-away booster rocket.（分数：7
25、.00）填空项 1:_(7).In the design considerations of a spaceship, fuel choice is as important as the method of launching.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).A rocket carries its own oxidant, and its fuel is usually either kerosene or_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Proponents of mixture say that they are_than either pure solid or p
26、ure liquid rockets.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Proponents of kerosene cite the example of_using it as fuel（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.He did not know.B.He thought it was very successful.C.He thought it was
27、 bad.D.He thought others perform better.A.It was reported on the radio.B.She read it in the morning news.C.The man called her immediately.D.She was in the neighborhood.A.Playing a piano.B.Making a photocopy.C.Typing.D.Taking a picture.A.He talked with the consultant until two.B.The consultant was le
28、aving at two.C.The consultant wanted to talk to him, too.D.He couldnt talk to the consultant before two.A.The man doesnt want to take any more courses.B.The bank needs some new employees.C.The woman suggests that the man get a loan from a bank.D.The man does not know how to get financial aids.A.Bett
29、er.B.Tired.C.Bored.D.Sick.A.$160.00.B.$150.00.C.$180.00.D.$120.00.A.He is forgetful.B.His class is easy.C.He is looking for an assistant.D.His course is difficult.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Invite the girl to join a party.B.Invite the girl to go
30、shopping.C.Invite the girl to have dinner.D.Invite the girl to watch a movie.A.From his friend.B.From his neighbor.C.From his roommate.D.From a sponsor of the movie.A.For free.B.$50.00 a piece.C.$100.00 a piece.D.He did not tell the girl.A.There will be a lot of people.B.They will have dinner togeth
31、er first.C.They live far from the theatre.D.There will be a heavy traffic.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Italy.B.England.C.Australia.D.Thailand.A.The cost is low.B.She wants to study English.C.She wants to see kangaroos.D.She wants to enjoy the beaut
32、iful natural scenery there.A.Two weeks.B.Three weeks.C.Two months.D.Three months.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.After the victim is sent to hospital.B.After the causes of the victims suffering becomes clear.C.Af
33、ter the arrival of the ambulance.D.As soon as possible after the accident or illness.A.Relieve pain.B.Preserve life.C.Keep energy.D.Prevent further harm.A.Immediate action.B.Accurate diagnosis.C.Medical knowledge.D.Expert experience.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have ju
34、st heard./B（分数：21.00）A.How space station works.B.The differences between space and the earth.C.How can people build a space station.D.The reason why people want a space station.A.Scientists are curious about the space.B.Scientists are trying to find a new planet for human beings.C.Scientists need to
35、 study the influence of gravity on different species.D.Scientists are experimenting with species that can survive only in space.A.Materials science.B.Biotechnology.C.Biomedicine.D.Fluid physics.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Influence of m
36、ass media on our lives.B.Profitability of mass media.C.Mass media and its short history.D.Mass media and politics.A.1940s.B.1910s.C.1930s.D.1920s.A.Printing.B.Television.C.Record pressing.D.Film duplication.A.People can know everything.B.People can have access to large amount of information.C.People
37、 no longer read newspaper.D.People began to rely heavily on computer.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：143.00)The modem society has witnessed amazing development in astrology. In recent years scientific investigation of comets hasU (36) /Ubecause of a growing interest in the origin of the sun andU (37) /U. Sc
38、ientists want to learn how comets are formed. They think that such information will beU (38) /Uto mans understanding of the origin of theU (39) /Usystem.The word “comet“ comes from the Greek and means “hairy object“. In history comets have a special place. People believed that they brought news of d
39、eath,U (40) /Uor military victories.The tails of comets provideU (41) /Uwith spectacular sights at night. Comets tails are millions of kilometers long. The tailU (42) /Ureaches lengths of 250 kilometers and more.There was a writtenU (43) /Uof comet as early as 1770 B.C. The Chinese kept careful reco
40、rd and so did the Babylonians.U (44) /U.The most famous comet in history is called Halleys Comet.U (45) /U.It was named after Edmond Halley, an English scientist.U (46) /UThe comet appeared in 1758, as he predicted, 16 years after his death and will return again in 1986.（分数：143.00）(1).（分数：13.00）填空项
41、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：90.00)There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today isU (47) /Uon the assumption that dramaU (48) /Ufrom ritual. People might wonder the rel
42、ationship between these two things. However, the argument for this view goes as follows.In the beginning, human beings viewed theU (49) /Uforces of the wordeven seasonal changes as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these feared powers. ThoseU (50) /Uwhich appeared to br
43、ing the desired results were thenU (51) /Uand repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Though it is simple to describe the process, they believe, the actual happening might last long.U (52) /Ustories arose which explained or veiled theU (53) /Uof the rites.As time passed, some rituals were a
44、bandoned, but the stories, later called myths,U (54) /Uand provided material for art and drama. Those who believe that drama came from ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theaterU (55) /Umusic, dance, and masks were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be prov
45、ided forU (56) /Uand there was clear division between the “acting area“ and “auditorium“. In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.A) evolved I) singingB) because J)
46、 persistedC) Eventually K) basedD) natural L) measuresE) mysteries M) effectivenessF) stopped N) FirstlyG) questions O) retainedH) performances（分数：90.00）(1).（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BSection B/B(总题数：2，分数：80.00)BPassage One/BA feature of US education that we have not yet discussed is continuous classroom interaction between teacher and students. From Los Angeles to New York, and from Chicago to Houston, educators believe that students master information by discovering it for themselves. They believe that tea
