1、大学四级-41 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.现如今很多大学生利用课余时间及假期进行实践活动2. 人们对这一现象的不同看法3. 你如何看待这一现象Social Practice_（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Shee
2、t 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Work and PlayWhat do we mean by leisure, and why should we assume that it represents a problem to be solved by the arts?
3、 The great ages of art were not conspicuous for their leisure-at least, art was not an activity associated with leisure. It was a craft like any other, concerned with the making of necessary things. Leisure, in the present meaning of the word, did not exist. Leisure, before the Industrial Revolution
4、, meant no more than “time“ or “opportunity“; “If your leisure served, I would speak with you.“ says one of Shakespeares characters. Phrases which we still use, such as “at your leisure“, preserve this original meaning.But when we speak of leisure nowadays, we are not thinking of securing time or op
5、portunity to do something; time is heavy on our hands, and the problem is how to fill it. Leisure no longer signifies a space with some difficulty secured against the pressure of events: rather it is a pervasive emptiness for which we must invent occupations. Leisure is a vacuum, a desperate state o
6、f vacancy-a vacancy of mind and body. It has been commandeered (强占) by the sociologists and the psychologists: it is a problem.Our diurnal (日间活动的) existence is divided into two phases, as distinct as day and night. We call them work and play. We work so many hours a day, and, when we have allowed th
7、e necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping, the rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations, an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure, but spend them in various forms of passive enjoyment or entertain
8、ment- not football but watching football matches; not acting, but theatre-going; not walking, but riding in a motor coach.We need to make, therefore, a hard-and-fast (严格的) distinction not only between work and play but, equally, between active play and passive entertainment. It is, I suppose, the de
9、cline of active play-of amateur sport-and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which has given rise to a sociological interest in the problem. If the greater part of the population, instead of indulging in sport, spend their hours of leisure “viewing“ television programmes, there wi
10、ll inevitably be a decline in health and physique. And, in addition, there will be a psychological problem, for we have yet to trace the mental and moral consequences of a prolongeddiet of sentimental or sensational spectacles on the screen. There is, if we are optimistic, the possibility that the d
11、iet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody. Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impression on the mind or imagination of those who see them: few people can give a coherent account of the film they saw the week before last, and at longer intervals they mus
12、t rely on the management to see that they do not sit through the same film twice.We have to live art if we would be affected by art. We have to paint rather than look at paintings, to play instruments rather than go to concerts, to dance and sing and act ourselves, engaging all our senses in the rit
13、ual and discipline of the arts. Then something may begin to happen to us: to work upon our bodies and our souls.It is only when entertainment is active, participated in, practiced, that it can properly be called play, and as such it is a natural use of leisure. In that sense play stands in contrast
14、to work, and is usually regarded as an activity that alternates with work. It is there that the final and most fundamental error enters into our conception of daily life.Work itself is not a single concept. We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living: to earn, that is to say, suffi
15、cient tokens which we can exchange for food and shelter and all the otber needs of our existence. But some of us work physically, cultivating the land, minding the machines, digging the eoal; others work mentally, keeping accounts, inventing machines, teaching and preaching, managing and governing.
16、There does not seem to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations, except that they consume our time, and leave us little leisure.We may next observe that one mans profession or work is often another mans recreation or play. The merchant at the weekend becomes a hunter (he has not yet tak
17、en to mining); the clerk becomes a gardener; the machine-tender becomes a breeder of bull-terriers (斗牛稉狗). There is, of course, a sound instinct behind such transformations. The body and mind are unconsciously seeking compensation-muscular coordination, mental integration. But in many cases a dissoc
18、iation is set up and the individual leads a double life-one half Jekyll, the other half Hyde. There is a profound moral behind that story of Stevensons, for the compensation which a disintegrated personality may seek will often be of an anti-social nature. The Nazi party, for example, in its early d
19、ays was largely recruited from the bored-not so much from the unemployed as from the street-corner society of listless hooligans.Scientific studies have been made of street-corner society, out of which crime, gangsterdom, and fascism inevitably develop. It is a society with leisure-that is to say, s
20、pare time-and without compensatory occupation. It does not need a Satan to find mischief for such idle hands. They will spontaneously itch (渴望) to do something: muscles have a life of their own unless they are trained to purposeful actions. Actions. or rather activities, are the obvious reflex to le
21、isure, they consume it, and leave the problem solved.But work is also activity, and if we reach the conclusion that all our time must be filled with one activity or another, the distinction between work and play becomes rather meaningless, and what we mean by play is merely a change of occupation. W
22、e pass from one form of activity to another; one we call work, and for that we receive pay; the other we call play, and for that we receive no pay-on the contrary, we probably pay a subscription.（分数：70.00）(1).Which of the following helped to change the meaning of the word “leisure“? A. The Industria
23、l Revolution. B. Shakespeares eharacters. C. The great ages of art. D. Making necessary things.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why is the division of activities into work and play unsatisfactory according to the passage? A. Because leisure has been contaminate by sociologists and psychologists. B. Because peop
24、le watch football matches rather than play football. C. Because we must work so many hours a day. D. Because it conceals the distinction between active entertainment and passive entertainment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The enormous growth of purely receptive recreation will bring about _ as well as a decl
25、ine in health. A. mental and moral consequences B. a psychological problem C. a sociological interest D. the possibility of sitting through the same film twice（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When one lives art by painting, playing instruments, etc, he _. A. is likely to make a fundamental error B. have somethi
26、ng work on his body and soul C. alternates play with work D. exchanges tokens for necessities of existence（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, diverse occupations have little in common except that _. A. they all require both physical work and mental work B. they all rule out recreations C.
27、 they all leave us substantial leisure time D. they are all time-consuming and reduce our free time（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The possibility that a merchant at the weekend becomes a hunter shows that _. A. the body and the mind are unconsciously seeking compensation B. the individual leads a double life
28、C. he has not yet taken to mining D. he seeks an anti-social nature（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to the studies of street-corner society, which of the following is true? A. Street-corner society is the source of crime, gangsterdom. B. Actions are the obvious reflex to leisure. C. Street-corner soci
29、ety is a society with leisure. D. All ones time must he filled with one activity or another.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).It is as important to tell the difference of work from play to as that of active play from _ entertainment.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).When entertainment is active, play can serve as an activity
30、that _ work.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).If all ones time is occupied by one activity or another, play is merely another form of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the e
31、nd of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answ
32、er. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.（分数：35.00）(1). A. Playing volleyball. B. Skating. C. Swimming. D. Watching TV.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. He forgot all about the trip. B. His roommate didnt wake him up. C. His landlady forgot to wake him up
33、. D. His landlady didnt hear what he asked her to do（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. She fixed her friends tape recorder. B. She went to her friends house. C. She tried to telephone her friend. D. She arranged to meet her friend later.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Remain at the original position. B. Protest abou
34、t it. C. Leave the company. D. Take a few days off.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. To remind him of the data he should take to the conference. B. To see if he is ready for the coming conference. C. To tell him about the conference. D. To help him prepare for the conference.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A
35、. He doesnt work hard enough. B. He is a kind person and can do a good job. C. He might get the job done if he works hard enough. D. He has a poor personality.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Mary didnt call. B. Mary will call next time she comes to town. C. Mary called to say that she would come to town so
36、me time later. D. Mary hopes to come and see them some other time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Sending an e-mail. B. Working in an office. C. Talking on the phone. D. Doing spelling practice.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. One mill
37、ion. B. Two million. C. Three million. D. Four million.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The prices are too high for common folks. B. There are two million houses to be pulled down. C. People dont earn enough to buy houses. D. The “regeneration program“ does not work well.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. The governm
38、ent is doing nothing. B. The government is supposed to do more. C. The government is doing enough. D. The government has not built enough houses for the poor.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. To encourage people to live in old house. B. To build new buildings in poor area. C. To allow several generation to l
39、ive in separate houses. D. To change old buildings into new ones.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. It manufactures high quality products. B. It has a very good training program for new staff. C. It offers bright career prospect.
40、D. It places special emphasis on practical skills,（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Goocl technical skills. B. Paper qualifications. C. A good academic record. D. Technical ability and practical skills.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. It is an electrical water pump. B. It is a water pump that requires no external wa
41、ter supply. C. It is a water pump that requires almost no external energy. D. It is a water pump that requires only internal energy source.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questi
42、ons. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are b
43、ased on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. How to overcome sleepiness. B. How to fight fatigue problems. C. How to do exercises. D. How to take a brisk walk.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Those who stay in a small area for long. B. People who work with computer all the time. C. People who
44、are tired and weak. D. Those who sleep enough but feel tired all the time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Sufficient sleep. B. A brisk walk. C. A cup of coffee. D. Good mood.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. Because he liked to he
45、lp people. B. Because the job was most satisfying. C. Because it made him proud. D. Because he need money then.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Because he only had to work after school and got good wages. B. Because it helped him understand the world and himself. C. Because it helped him pay for his freshma
46、n year of college. D. Because he did not feel that he was working for the store.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. By persuading his boss to do the story on TV. B. By persuading his boss to let him do the story on TV. C. By asking a doctor to perform the operation for free. D. By visiting the boy in the recov
47、ery room after the operation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. It gives him salary. B. It makes him feel excited. C. It helps people make sense of the world. D. It enables him to work.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. When was the umbrella invented. B. The history and use of umbrella. C. The colors and shapes of umbrella. D. Who needed umbrella first.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The ancient Romans. B. The ancient Greeks. C. The ancient Portuguese. D. The ancient Italians.（分数：7.00
