1、大学四级-24 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.现在在家办公越来越流行 2. 人们对此看法不一 3. 我的观点Working at Home_（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions
2、1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Do Environmentalists Hold Back Sustainable Lifestyles?Who wants a sustainable lifestyle? Well actually quite a lot of people, apparently.
3、 Far from being a niche concept,a major new study on sustainability from the UNEP says the idea is “misunderstood as a rich nation choice“.While the desire to enjoy western living standards is strong, the study picks out a range of sustainable living ideas being developed across the world It says on
4、e of the biggest barriers to more people achieving them may be how we celebrate and communicate these ideas.Most definitions of sustainable lifestyles talk about three key areas; minimal environmental impact, not undermining the carrying capacity of resources (i. e. using only those that are renewab
5、le or replaceable over time) and helping people interact with the communities and places in which they live.But, as the UNEP study points out,“people will only change their lifestyles in exchange for a better one“, so perhaps a fourth point could be just as important:making them desirable.Solitaire
6、Townsend, co-founder of sustainability consultancy Futerra, says making them desirable may be easier than we think. She points to some of the activities that people trying to live sustainably become involved in,such as cycling and claanging the way they eat. Poor image of sustainabilityThe UNEP stud
7、y says much of the communication around sustainable lifestyles has tended to be from environmental groups and government and either “prescriptive,patronising or disapproving“.“Rather than turn people on to the vast opportunities and enjoyment sustainable lifestyles can bring, they have turned people
8、 off,“ says Townsend.Whats lacking,she argues,is a vision. “Nobody aspires to live a policy. People aspire to what they can see, feel, touch; something tangible. We dont have a passionate, eloquent, visual description of sustainable lifestyles, so people dont know they want them. “For years weve tri
9、ed to sell climate change, but a lot of people arent buying,“ Townsend says. “Threats of climate hell havent seemed to hold us back from running headlong towards it. We must build a visual and compelling vision of low carbon heaven. And this vision must be desirable. “If it isnt more desirable than
10、what weve got now then why bother reaching for it?“ Reaching a bigger audienceHowever,creating a single “desirable“ vision of a sustainable lifestyle wont he enough on its own, according to Dr Michael Peters, from the Research Group on I.ifestyles Values and Environment (RESOLVE) at the University o
11、f Surrey.“Initiatives that attempt to connect with people and engage in more sustainable ways tend to attract people who are already switched on environmentally,so theres a big barrier in connecting with people for whom environmental issues are not a key priority,“ he says.Peters says that in some c
12、ases the peripheral(次要的) benefits of lifestyles that exert less impact on the environment should be highlighted, such as the savings that can be made by running an energy efficient household.“If the moral environmental argument doesnt resonate(共鸣) , then perhaps the financial savings could. “ Measur
13、ing happinessOthers believe that the issue goes deeper than simply selling the benefits or desirability of a sustainable lifestyle-the biggest barrier of all may be social pressures and how we measure a happy and successful life.In the industrialised world especially, this tends to be judged in term
14、s of material wealth. The traditional yardstick is that of consumption, typically viewed as an indication of well-being and wealth by economists with GDP regarded as the last word in measuring progress, development and prosperity of a society.But,as the UNEP study on sustainability points out,GDP is
15、 not a reliable indicator of happiness or satisfaction. A quick look at the New Economics Foundations (NEF) Happy Planet Index reveals that those countries with the highest GDP are not ranked as the happiest.In fact, the top ten countries are all Latin American or Caribbean, with Costa Rica topping
16、the ranks. Rich industrialised nations fall somewhere in the middle-the UK ranks 74th behind Germany, France and Italy,while the USA is way behind at 114th out of 143.Juliet Michaelson, a researcher at the NEF, agrees that the perception of what drives happiness presents a barrier to people living s
17、ustainable lifestyles.“As long as signs of success, both individually and at a societal level, are to do with material possessions and wealth then there is a big incentive to gear our behaviour towards producing those things,“ she says.“Those things are not the biggest driver of well-being. Things s
18、uch as your social relationships have a much bigger role to play. “ Encouraging alternativesTim Cooper, Professor of sustainable design and consumption at Nottingham Trent University, says there is already plenty of evidence of people taking decisions which improve their quality of life over their i
19、ncome,such as working part-time. But he worries that momentum (动力) may be lost by a lack of enthusiasm for sustainability among current politicians and policymakers.There have been concerns that green issues will be “downplayed“ across Government following the scrapping of the weU-respected watchdog
20、, the Sustainable Development Commission (SDC) .Professor Tim Jackson, author of the groundbreaking “Prosperity without Growth“ report for the SDC, agrees that there is alarm about whether the progress made over the past decade will he lost. However, he says that the reaction of the devolved adminis
21、trations-the Welsh Assembly Government in particular was outraged at the SDC decision-suggests that the understanding and prioritisation of sustainability is growing.He also points to Defras now annually published Sustainable Development Indicators as evidence that some parts of Government are at le
22、ast able to think about measuring progress using something other than GDP.Professor Cooper agrees, but says things need to go further. He worries that most Government departments are still stuck with “old-fashioned“ views of economic growth.“There is that potential out there-people dont always maxim
23、ise their incomes-but that seems to be the only message the Government seems to he able to give. If it did take a slightly different approach and gave a delicate message that might help people move. “He points to education as the key sector and says sustainability should be embedded across the schoo
24、l curriculum,“at the moment we train them for society as it is rather than a vision for how it could be,“ he says.（分数：70.00）(1).What is one of the biggest barriers to more people achieving sustainable lifestyles according to UNEPs new study? A. How we think of western lifestyles. B. How we evaluate
25、the western living standards. C. How we celebrate and communicate sustainable ideas. D. How we provide sustainable development for folks.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Solitaire Townsend says it may be easier than we think to live such sustainable lifestyles as A. minimizing environmental impact B. underminin
26、g the carrying capacity of resources C. interacting with the communities and places D. cycling and changing the way they eat（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Townsend,who have/has turned people off sustainable lifestyles? A. Environmental groups and government. B. Sustainability consultancy. C. Some
27、 government agencies. D. The UNEP.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What should we do to make people realize the consequence of climate change and change their lifestyles according to Townsend? A. We must make a policy to aspire people to take actions. B. We must take actions to hold back the course. C. We must
28、persuade people to believe climate change in a new way. D. We must build a visual and compelling vision of low carbon heaven.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can encourage people to engage in more sustainable ways according to Dr Michael Peters 9 A. Environmental education. B. Environmental awareness. C. F
29、inancial punishment. D. Financial benefits.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What is the traditional yardstick of a happy life, especially in the industrialised world? A. Material wealth. B. Happiness index. C. Social status. D. GDP.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What are more important to peoples happiness according to J
30、uliet Michaelson? A. Sustainable lifestyles. B. Material possessions. C. Societal benefits. D. Social relationships.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Tim Cooper worries that the momentum of people to live sustainably may be discouraged by the lack of _among current politicians and policymakers.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9
31、).Professor Tim Jackson points out that at least some parts of Government should use other things to measure progress instead of _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Professor Cooper thinks because of the key role of education all the school curriculum should be embedded with _（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：
32、0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each q
33、uestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) , and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.（分数：35.00）(1). A. He graduated earlier than his brother. B. He
34、doesnt go to the same school with his brother. C. He doesnt get along with his brother. D. He looks different from his brother.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Shed rather not discuss her problems. B. She has been healthy all the time. C. She finds it hard to explain her problems. D. She thinks she could ha
35、ve come earlier.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Count her money and manage them well. B. Go to the seminar with the man. C. Help the man to manage his money. D. Pay all the expenses for the seminar.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. She cannot pick up Frank at the airport. B. She will firstly have class and then pic
36、k up Frank. C. She does not prepared to pick up Frank for its too early. D. She doest not like Frank and will not pick up him.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. He caught Professor Smith on TV. B. He completely missed the program. C. He was calling his mother and missed the program. D. He called his Professor
37、 for he missed him very much.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. She will go to the beach with the man after the lunch. B. She will firstly go to the museums before go to beach. C. She will enjoy the museums and restaurants in Washington. D. She will enjoy the comfortable weather in Washington.（分数：7.
38、00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The man hasnt heard from the professor for a week. B. The man has extra time to complete the assignment. C. The man has to hand in his economics paper on time. D. The man wont be able to see the professor until next week.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. She doesnt clean the apartment. B.
39、She tidies up the apartment all week. C. She needs to clean the lab all week. D. She helps to clean the apartment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Conversation One Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. Be careful of the shelf life. B. Be careful of the allergic reac
40、tions. C. Watch out for cancer risk. D. Watch out for driving after medication.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. No more than 4. B. No more than 10. C. No more than 12. D. No more than 24.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. It may lead to allergy. B. It may harm the learning ability. C. It may lead to heart attack. D.
41、It may make you dizzy.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Take off the childproof cap. B. Prove their child isnt present. C. Prepare some hot soup. D. Shake the bottle carefully.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Conversation Two Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. Light but s
42、picy. B. Sour and sweet. C. Heavy and exciting. D. Simple but fresh.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. She doesnt like to eat food quickly. B. She doesnt like the smell of raw onion. C. She cant sleep at night after taking it. D. She falls asleep easily after taking it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. He isnt eating
43、healthily. B. He is excited with fast food. C. He eats simply for lunch. D. He falls asleep easily at the desk.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and th
44、e questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you ha
45、ve just heard.（分数：28.00）(1). A. Satisfy the demand of people like you. B. Meet the needs of diverse listeners. C. Make your material more interesting. D. Make your presentation powerful.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. To expand facilities. B. To install a round clock C. To offer job opportunities to retire
46、es. D. To replace old shelves.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Providing 24-hour access to Internet resources. B. Enlarging its holdings of health and medical books. C. Offering free computer science instruction courses. D. Featuring a wild range of foreign-language hooks.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Offering t
47、o introduce free medications. B. Providing online check with specialists. C. Offering to increase pension package. D. Providing online medical databases.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. The dust in the sky. B. The hole in
48、 ozone layer. C. Fresh smell in the air. D. The gathering-up of clouds.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. From the sky. B. From the ground. C. From the clouds. D. From the rain.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Falling Rain. B. Grass and plants. C. Dry air. D. Moist air.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. It would make students less prepared and capable. B. It would make students incapable o
