1、大学三级(B)-178 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Honeybees cannot live alone. Their body structure and instincts equip them for life in a colony (群居) or community, where they have a complex social organization and the various duties are divide
2、d among the individuals according to physical fitness and age. An individual worker bee cannot reproduce itself. While it may continue to live if forcibly isolated from its mates, it fails to care for itself adequately (足够), and soon dies. Most insects have the ability to hibernate (冬眠) in winter, b
3、ut the honeybee seems to have lost this. Since at low temperatures the bee will die, it must have the ability to make its own environment, so far as temperature is concerned. This makes a colony necessary to the bees in winter, so that they may collectively warm each other. Efficiency, if not necess
4、ity, demands that the work of the colony be divided, and such a division of labor tends to increase the need to maintain the colony. The physical structure of the honeybee is further suited for the defense of the entire colony rather than for its own defense. The bee“s barbed (有刺的) sting is used onl
5、y once and is made more effective by the fact that it is left behind in the victim. With the loss of the sting, however, the bee dies. This kind of defensive weapon is not of service to the individual, but to the community.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, bees are fitted for communal life by
6、virtue of their _.（分数：4.00）A.flexibility and initiativeB.intelligence and sensitivityC.independence and enduranceD.instincts and form(2).According to the passage, a worker bee may survive for a short time even if it is _.（分数：4.00）A.deprived of its stingB.denied access to oxygenC.isolated from other
7、beesD.exposed to a wide range of temperatures(3).It can be inferred from the passage that at one time bees had the ability to _.（分数：4.00）A.increase their activity in lower temperaturesB.leave cold climates during winterC.remain dormant through periods of cold weatherD.construct insulated hives(4).Ac
8、cording to the passage, bees differ from most other communities of insects in their need to _.（分数：4.00）A.reproduce in large numbersB.control the temperature where they liveC.divide the work of their coloniesD.have a complex defense system(5).According to the passage, the honeybee“s sting is particul
9、arly effective because it _.（分数：4.00）A.has many potential usesB.can kill several victims at onceC.is located in the rear of the bee“s bodyD.remains with the bee“s victim三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Many factors contributed to the rapid rise of American industry after 1850. At that time, America was fa
10、ced with the problem of providing for the many immigrants who were pouring into the country. Natural resources had always been plentiful, but the old methods of processing these resources could not keep up with the demands of a growing population. New inventions were needed to increase production. O
11、ne such invention was the mechanical harvester. This machine allowed farmers to speed up the harvest of very large stretches of land. Other inventions made it easier to produce textiles and to turn coal and iron into steel. Inventions opened up new possibilities for growth. The large labor force tha
12、t was needed to run the new machines was located in the big cities. The developing American railroad system carried the raw materials to the cities. Consequently, the cities became the nation“s large industrial centers. As with other trends in American history, one factor alone could not have caused
13、 the rise of American industry. For example, railroads contributed to the rise of the steel industry by providing the means of getting raw materials to the steel mills. But the railroads could not have developed without the materials that were produced by the growing steel industry. The rise of Amer
14、ican industry after 1850 was the result of many factors working together.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following statements about American industry is supported by the pas- sage?（分数：4.00）A.Many factors contributed to the growth of American industry.B.As a result of industrial growth, the quality of Ame
15、rican city life declined.C.American industry faced little competition from other countries.D.Congress passed laws favorable to American industry.(2).Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Farming during the 1850s.B.Background to Industrial Development.C
16、.Immigration to America.D.Nineteenth-Century Inventors.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the growth of American industry _.（分数：4.00）A.was due in large part to government involvementB.benefited the South more than any other section of the countryC.was not influenced by immigrationD.led to
17、an increase in the number of factory workers in cities(4).As it is used in the first paragraph of the passage, the word “harvester“ means _.（分数：4.00）A.a person who harvests cropsB.a machine that cuts grassC.a machine for plantingD.a machine for cutting and gathering grain(5).Which of the following i
18、s false according to the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Many immigrants were pouring into the country before 1850.B.The growth of industry led many city people to become industrial workers.C.The mechanical harvester was such an important invention that it could speed up the harvest of large farms.D.Building rai
19、lroads caused steel industry to develop rapidly.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Relations between the United States and Colombia suffered for many years because of an incident involving the Republic of Panama. By the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898, many Americans felt that an easier and faster w
20、ay was needed to get ships from the Atlantic Ocean. Some people in the United States first believed that a canal across Nicaragua was the answer. However, President Theodore Roosevelt decided that a canal through Panama would be a better choice. In order to build the canal, the United States had to
21、negotiate (谈判) a treaty with Colombia, which at that time controlled Panama. Roosevelt offered Colombia $10 million plus $250,000 a year for 99 years for a six-mile-wide strip of land across Panama. Colombia rejected the United States“ offer. This angered President Roosevelt, and negotiations with C
22、olombia ended. In 1903, a revolution broke out in Panama. United States ships were sent by President Roosevelt to protect the Panamanian revolutionaries from Colombian forces. The revolution succeeded, and Panama declared its independence from Colombia. The United States then negotiated with the new
23、ly formed government. A treaty was signed, and the United States began building the canal. As a result of the incident, Colombia and the United States remained on bad terms for many years. Not until 1921, when the United States agreed to pay Colombia some compensation (赔偿，补偿) for its lost territory,
24、 did relations between the two countries improve.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, the United States and Colombia were on bad terms because the United States had _.（分数：4.00）A.at first wished to build a canal through NicaraguaB.promised to pay Colombia $10 million for PanamaC.wished to build a
25、canal through PanamaD.supported Panamanian revolutionaries in their fight for independence from Colombia(2).From the information in the passage, it can be concluded that the United States _.（分数：4.00）A.wanted to build a canal because it was considering starting a warB.felt that building a canal throu
26、gh Panama was worth the risk of ruining relations with ColombiaC.believed that a canal through Nicaragua would be profitableD.had lost the Spanish-American War(3).It can be inferred from the passage that an important reason for the decision of the United States to build a canal was to _.（分数：4.00）A.d
27、evelop trade relations with EuropeB.improve relations with South American countriesC.prevent European ships from reaching the Pacific OceanD.reduce travel time for its ships in case of war(4).As it is used in the fourth paragraph of the passage, the phrase “on bad terms“ means _.（分数：4.00）A.to learn
28、to accept somethingB.on conditions that one/somebody else decidesC.to have a bad relationshipD.to get along with somebody(5).The tone of the passage can best be described as _.（分数：4.00）A.argumentativeB.informativeC.humorousD.sarcastic五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)One of the most successful singers of t
29、he twentieth century, Ella Fitzgerald has made several different styles of her own. She was born in Virginia but was brought up in an orphanage (孤儿院) in Yonkers, New York. Chick Webb spotted her in an amateur (业余的) competition when she was sixteen. He engaged her to sing with his band, and when he d
30、ied in 1939, she took over. Unlike Bessie Smith, Ella Fitzgerald taught herself the sentimental music so popular in the 1930ssongs like “My Heart Belongs to Daddy“and her recordings became best-sellers. During the 1940“s she developed her own “scat singing (Jazz singing)“a breathless, nonsense-sylla
31、ble stylefor songs like “Flying Home“ and “Lady Be Good“. Ella Fitzgerald was the perfect musical partner for her friend, the trumpeter Louis Armstrong, matching him in warmth and artistry (艺术技巧). “I just like music period,“ she has said. “To me, it“s a story. There“s only one thing better than sing
32、ing . it“s more singing.“（分数：20.00）(1).Where did Fitzgerald spend most of her childhood?（分数：4.00）A.Virginia.B.Yonkers.C.New York City.D.Louisiana.(2).Who was the first to discover Ella Fitzgerald“s talent?（分数：4.00）A.Fitzgerald“s father.B.Louis Armstrong.C.Bessie Smith.D.Chick Webb.(3).When Fitzgeral
33、d was sixteen, Chick Webb asked her to _.（分数：4.00）A.marry himB.hire himC.take over his bandD.perform with his band(4).According to the passage, Bessie Smith was a _.（分数：4.00）A.singerB.music teacherC.band leaderD.songwriter(5).What does the passage imply about Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong?（分数：
34、4.00）A.They were the originators of “scat singing“.B.They played the same musical instruments.C.They performed well together.D.They were a married couple.六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Who are the poor in the United States? As of 1970, nearly two-thirds of the poor people were white. Although nonwhites
35、make up only one-third of those classified as poor, this reflects a great overrepresentation (过分代表) of their number because the nonwhites made up less than 16 percent of the total population in 1970. Other categories (种类，类型) also help to define the poor. There are the aged poor. Almost one-fifth of
36、all poor Americans are aged 65 or older. Another large segment of the poor in the United States is found in rural areas. Nearly one-fourth of all people living on farms in 1970 were classified as poor. Migrant workers and American Indians are included as part of the rural poor. But the greatest numb
37、er of poor Americans is found in the cities. More than one-half of all single individuals whose income was below $3,000 in 1970 lived in urban areas, as did one-half of all four-person families with incomes below $6,000. Government officials have found it important to define who the poor are because
38、 each group has different needs. Different approaches are needed to help solve the problems of the poor.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, all of the following are valid statements concerning the poor EXCEPT that _.（分数：4.00）A.many of the poor are old peopleB.many of the poor are foreignersC.man
39、y of the poor are nonwhiteD.many of the poor live on farms(2).Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Poverty is the greatest problem facing the United States today.B.The American economy is the major reason that there are so many poor.C.Poverty is largely the r
40、esult of ineffective government policies.D.The poor cannot be said to be one uniform group.(3).Many of _ are the poor who live on farms.（分数：4.00）A.migrant workers and IndiansB.white people and NegroesC.the elderly and the handicappedD.retired people and Negroes(4).As it is used in the second paragra
41、ph of the passage, the word “migrant“ means _.（分数：4.00）A.of visiting as a touristB.of moving officially from one place, job, thing, etc., to anotherC.of moving from one place to another; changing one“s place of living, especially for a limited periodD.of going from place to place, esp. to a long dis
42、tant place; making a journey(5).According to the passage, a single individual who earns _ in 1970 is classified as a poor person.（分数：4.00）A.below $1,500B.less than $6,000C.more than $3,000D.less than $3,000大学三级(B)-178 (1)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：
43、1，分数：20.00)Honeybees cannot live alone. Their body structure and instincts equip them for life in a colony (群居) or community, where they have a complex social organization and the various duties are divided among the individuals according to physical fitness and age. An individual worker bee cannot
44、reproduce itself. While it may continue to live if forcibly isolated from its mates, it fails to care for itself adequately (足够), and soon dies. Most insects have the ability to hibernate (冬眠) in winter, but the honeybee seems to have lost this. Since at low temperatures the bee will die, it must ha
45、ve the ability to make its own environment, so far as temperature is concerned. This makes a colony necessary to the bees in winter, so that they may collectively warm each other. Efficiency, if not necessity, demands that the work of the colony be divided, and such a division of labor tends to incr
46、ease the need to maintain the colony. The physical structure of the honeybee is further suited for the defense of the entire colony rather than for its own defense. The bee“s barbed (有刺的) sting is used only once and is made more effective by the fact that it is left behind in the victim. With the lo
47、ss of the sting, however, the bee dies. This kind of defensive weapon is not of service to the individual, but to the community.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, bees are fitted for communal life by virtue of their _.（分数：4.00）A.flexibility and initiativeB.intelligence and sensitivityC.independ
48、ence and enduranceD.instincts and form 解析：(2).According to the passage, a worker bee may survive for a short time even if it is _.（分数：4.00）A.deprived of its stingB.denied access to oxygenC.isolated from other bees D.exposed to a wide range of temperatures解析：(3).It can be inferred from the passage th
49、at at one time bees had the ability to _.（分数：4.00）A.increase their activity in lower temperaturesB.leave cold climates during winterC.remain dormant through periods of cold weather D.construct insulated hives解析：(4).According to the passage, bees differ from most other communities of insects in their need to _.（分数：4.00）A.reproduce in large numbersB.control the temperature where they live C.divide the work of their coloniesD.have a complex defense system解析：(5).According to the pa
