1、大学六级-940 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.假设你是李明，请你给保护长城志愿者工作指导中心写一封申请信，申请成位保护长城项目的志愿者。信中必须包括以下内容：1. 你从某报纸中得知这个项目招募志愿者的消息，感受到十分的高兴2. 想当这个项目志愿者的原因3. 简单介绍个人的性格和爱好，并表示十分希望自己能成为一名志愿者A Letter of Application for Volunteer of the Great Wall Reservation Project（分数：106.00）_二、Part R
2、eading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Sustainable CommunitiesAccording to the World Wildlife Fund, people are currently using resources 25 percent faster than they can be replaced. If we continue down this course, we will need a second planet by the year 2050. Sustainable communities attempt to change that co
3、urse by drastically altering how citizens interact with the environment.Alternatively known as green communities or ecovillages (生态村), sustainable communities vary in their approaches to sustainable living, or a way of life that meets the populations basic needs in ways that can be continued indefin
4、itely for future generations. Some communities focus solely on enriching the environment, while others also aim to improve social and economic conditions as well.Characteristics of Sustainable Living CommunitiesSustainable communities generally strive to minimize waste, reduce consumption and preser
5、ve open space. Ideally, they dont use resources faster than they can be replenished, and they dont produce waste faster than it can be assimilated back into the environment. Granted, some communities are more radical than others-living entirely off the grid and eschewing the use of government:-print
6、ed money-but the basic principles are similar.Designing the neighborhood to encourage walking or bicycling is one way sustainable communities put these first two principles into practice. Less driving means less gas and emissions. Many ecovillages also incorporate work space into homes or encourage
7、telecommuting. They also might zone part of the development for commercial use, essentially making the community a serf-contained environment where residents dont even have to leave for shopping or entertainment. This design sometimes is called a live- work-play lifestyle.Using green building techni
8、ques is another staple of sustainable communities. Here are a few examples: Architects design buildings to take advantage of the suns lighting and heating capabilities. They install energy-efficient appliances. They try to use local sources of materials as much as possible to cut back on the environ
9、mental costs of transport. They build with durable, non-toxic materials that have either been recycled or sustainably harvested.You might see straw bale (草捆) houses, which essentially use bales of straw as the structural building blocks; cob houses, which are a mix of straw, clay and sand or earthba
10、g homes, which are exactly what they sound like, homes made out of bags of dirt.Along with green building techniques, sustainable communities rely on green gardening methods. They landscape with native, drought-tolerant plants and raise them organically to reduce water and keep pesticides and herbic
11、ides out of the environment.Many communities also set aside a significant portion of their land as open space. Serenbe, for example, reserves 80 percent of its 900 acres for green space, that is, 720 acres of rolling hills, woods and streams free of development, quite a contrast to the concrete-lade
12、n urban sprawl of Atlanta just 32 miles away.Another way sustainable communities reduce their ecological footprint is by capturing and recycling their wastes, often creating their own contained natural cycles. Instead of treating normally perceived waste products such as rainwater and sewage as poll
13、ution to be gotten rid of, residents mm them into resources. Sewage, for example, is turned into compost that fertilizes plants and increases soil productivity, while captured rainwater is cleansed through innovative filtering systems and reused for watering plants. Examples of Sustainable Communiti
14、esMore than 400 ecovillages exist in the world, according to the Global Ecovillage Network database. The following examples outline life in just two of these communities.Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage, Missouri. Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage is a developing 280-acre community in northeastern Missouri with fa
15、r-reaching goals. It aims to be an entirely self-reliant town that practices “radical environmental sustainability, according to the communitys website. The towns founders hope to attract between 500 and 1 000 residents to create a diverse community more capable of providing for all of its own needs
16、. Dancing Rabbit even has its own local currency to encourage local trading and sourcing of jobs.The ecovillage has established a set of six guidelines that may seem extreme to the lazy environ- mentalists among us, but should set the town well on its way towards achieving sustainability.1. No vehic
17、les are to be used or stored in the village.2. Fossil fuels for cars, refrigeration, heating and cooling homes, as well heating domestic water arent allowed.3. All gardening must be organic.4. All power must come from renewable resources.5. No lumber from outside the local area is allowed unless it
18、is recycled or salvaged.6. Organic waste and recyclable materials are to be reincorporated into usable products through composting methods.Long term, Dancing Rabbit citizens are trying to achieve negative population growth. If they want the current 50 or so residents to become 500 or I 000, they may
19、 want to rethink that last guideline.Los Angeles Ecovillage, California. You might think sustainable communities have to be set in the country, but thats not true. Located just three miles west of downtown Los Angeles, the Los Angeles Ecovillage (LAEV) is a community of 500 residents seeking to have
20、 minimal impact on the environment while also providing a fulfilling way of life. The urban location near public transit, schools, churches, commercial services and industry helps residents drive less, while the dozens of gardens and fruit trees provide a local source of food.LAEV takes a whole-syst
21、ems approach to sustainability, meaning that residents strive to balance the social, economic and environmental needs of the community. Here, clean water and air rank up there with close-knit relationships, ethnic diversity and affordable housing. Citizens have saved 20 tons of brick from the landfi
22、ll to use in construction projects, composted over 100 cubic yards of yard waste and held countless weekly potluck dinners to establish and strengthen relationships. Who knew that sustainability could be possible even in one of the largest, most polluted cities in the United States? Other Eco-Friend
23、ly CommunitiesResidents of the two sustainable communities we just discussed deliberately placed sustainability at the top of their agenda. But communities spring up for lots of reasons not related to the environment, and sometimes the Earth benefits.Before “green“ was the new buzzword and sustainab
24、ility was cool, Old Order Amish communities were quietly co-existing with the planet since the early 18th century. While members of this religious group didnt consciously develop their way of life to help the environment, their simple farm-based living doesnt hurt it.The Amish use horses to power th
25、eir farm equipment and to get around. Their homes have no electricity; instead, they use lanterns (灯笼) for light. In stark contrast to the rampant consumerism visible in many countries, the Amish do not own things they dont need. They wear simple clothes, and their houses are sparsely furnished. Ami
26、sh communities didnt have to “return to the earth“ to achieve their brand of sustainability. They were there all along.Cohousing developments offer another example of a living arrangement that unwittingly(未觉察地) practices sustainability. These developments typically are designed to encourage and stre
27、ngthen social relationships, rather than to tread lightly on the environment, but, as it turns out, the two often go hand in hand. Although residents in a cohousing development enjoy the privacy of their own homes, they share a common building and other resources.Sharing major appliances like washin
28、g machines, power tools and heavy exercise equipment forces you to interact with your neighbors while reducing resource use. In addition, it allows individual houses to be smaller, which, along with the clustered arrangement of homes, preserves land. People who own cars (some people share cars) park
29、 them on the sides of the neighborhood to create a pedestrian friendly environment safe for children. Several times a week, residents may also eat a shared meal in the common building to strengthen ties. Cooking for many on one stove is much more energy efficient than cooking for 20 on separate stov
30、es.（分数：70.00）(1).What will happen in the middle of the 21st century, if we consume resources much faster than their replacement?（分数：7.00）A.We can have another planet called the Earth.B.We will use up resources on Earth.C.We will work out replaceable resources.D.We will migrate to another planet to l
31、ive.(2).In order to save resources, sustainable communities encourage people to _.（分数：7.00）A.use telecommuting methods to contact friendsB.cook at home instead of outside to avoid air pollutionC.integrate the function of working and living for their homeD.forbid driving within the sustainable commun
32、ities(3).Green building techniques require _.（分数：7.00）A.architects to make full use of sunlightB.people to avoid using electrical appliancesC.architects to employ local laborsD.businessmen to resist poisonous building materials(4).How is sustainable public space developed in Serenbe?（分数：7.00）A.Peopl
33、e plant trees and make water flow in that space.B.Citizens can grow trees freely in the space.C.Concrete walls are made outside the place for a protection.D.Natural things in that space develop without human disturbance.(5).In sustainable communities, rainwater is regarded as _.（分数：7.00）A.a replacem
34、ent for drinking waterB.a fertilizer to enrich soilC.renewable resourcesD.a waste product(6).In what way is Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage radical in its development?（分数：7.00）A.Its the first ecovillage to establish the community website.B.The village wants to be independent by circulating its own currenc
35、y.C.The village allows as more as I 000 residents to live there.D.The village tends to be self-reliant by creating all it needs.(7).How many residents are living in Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage now?（分数：7.00）A.About half a hundred.B.About one hundred.C.About five hundred.D.About one thousand.(8).LAEVs l
36、ocation near downtown offers it both convenient transportation and _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Residents of Old Order Amish communities began unconsciously to practise sustainable living from _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).By sharing important appliances with neighbors, you can communicate with them as well as _.
37、（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Gary could not stand straight.B.Gary was not a tall man.C.Gary wasnt friendly at all.D.Gary is not open to criticism and is easily irritated
38、.A.The woman does not think that Alice is as pretty as herself.B.The woman does not approve of putting on too much make-up.C.The man thinks Alice looks like a baby.D.The man does not agree with the woman about what makes a beauty.A.The speakers feel it is too cold.B.The temperature is too hot to put
39、 up with.C.The woman does not think the weather is hot.D.The woman wants to know more about the weather information.A.At a local hospital.B.In a department store warehouse.C.In a newly installed house.D.In a restaurant.A.She will go directly to the boss with her problems.B.She will keep the problems
40、 by herself.C.She will let her mother speak to the boss about her problems.D.She will tell her bosss mother about the problems.A.To the school.B.To her classmate.C.To an accommodation agency.D.To a bank.A.Mr. Whites reason for leaving.B.Mr. Whites new appointment.C.A vacant position.D.How to apply f
41、or a job.A.It is the first time they have been on a trip.B.They cannot do what they like before.C.They dont have to care the time.D.They have to travel by schedules now.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Problems with living in an apartment.B.The chance
42、to find a part-time job.C.The cost of rent near universities.D.A search for a new apartment.A.Somewhere that is within a short driving distance of campus.B.An apartment with furniture already in it.C.A place where she can live alone.D.A quiet room where she can study without interruption.A.He is pla
43、nning on calling a friend who owns an apartment building.B.He will check the newspapers to see if he can find an apartment for rent.C.He will put an advertisement on the local BBS.D.He is going to visit an apartment building near his place.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have ju
44、st heard.（分数：28.00）A.Find out if a rock-climbing course will be offered.B.Plan a rock-climbing trip over spring break.C.Convince the man to take a rock-climbing course with her.D.Find a place to go rock-climbing.A.The college doesnt have any rock-climbing equipment.B.There are no appropriate places
45、for rock-climbing nearby.C.There is, no one to teach them how to do rock-climbing.D.Not many students are interested in rock-climbing.A.Climbers have the opportunity to be outside and enjoy the scenery.B.Climbing isnt as expensive as other sports.C.Learning to climb doesnt take a very long time.D.Cl
46、imbers develop skills useful in other activities.A.Increasing upper-body strength.B.Discussing popular climbing sites.C.Selecting the necessary equipment.D.Finding a climbing partner.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Because he bel
47、ieves in motivating his team as individuals.B.Because he wants to keep his team under pressure.C.Because he feels it awkward to give them talks.D.Because he thinks his team should have the character to fight back.A.His not interfering during a game.B.His making constant substitutions.C.His giving pe
48、ople autonomy.D.His dropping players from the team without explanation.A.His competence.B.His motivation.C.His attitude.D.His experience.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.At school.B.At home.C.In a community.D.In a library.A.Schooling will interrupt children
49、s education.B.Education is much more open-end and all-inclusive than schooling.C.Schooling has certain predictability while education often produces surprises.D.Education costs more time and money than schooling.A.The importance of education.B.The distinction between schooling and education.C.The importance of education.D.Education and schooling in America.Questions 32 to 35 are based on
