1、大学六级-888 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作。2如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Bird BrainsCracking WalnutsThe scene: a traffic light crossing on a university campus in Japan. Carrion crows and humans line up
2、patiently, waiting for the traffic to halt. When the lights change, the birds hop in front of the cars and place walnuts, which they picked from the adjoining trees, on the road. After the lights turn green again, the birds fly away and vehicles drive over the nuts, cracking them open. Finally, when
3、 its time to cross again, the crows join the pedestrians and pick up their meal.Biologists already knew the corvine family-it includes crows, ravens, rooks, magpies and jackdaws-to be among the smartest of all birds. But this remarkable piece of behavior would seem to be a particularly acute demonst
4、ration of bird intelligence. Researchers believe they probably noticed cars driving over nuts fallen from a walnut tree overhanging a road. The crows already knew about dropping clams from a height on the seashore to break them open, but found this did not work for walnuts because of their soft gree
5、n outer shell.Other birds do this, although not with quite the same precision. In the Dardia Mountains of Greece, eagles can be seen carrying tortoises up to a great height and dropping them on to rocks below. Do Birds Have Intelligence?Scientists have argued for decades over whether wild creatures,
6、 including birds, show genuine intelligence. Some still consider the human mind to be unique, with animals capable of only the simplest mental processes. But a new generation of scientists believes that creatures, including birds, can solve problems by insight and even learn by example, as human chi
7、ldren do. Birds can even talk in a meaningful way.Good MemorySome birds show quite astonishing powers of recall. A type of North American crow may have the animal worlds keenest memory. It collects up to 30,000 pine seeds over three weeks in November, and then carefully buries them for safe keeping
8、across over an area of 200 square miles. Over the next eight months, it succeeds in retrieving over 90 percent of them, even when they are covered in feet of snow.Making and Using ToolsOn the Pacific island of New Caledonia, the crows demonstrate a tool-making, and tool using capability comparable t
9、o Paleolithic mans. Dr Gavin Hunt, a New Zealand biologist, spent three years observing the birds. He found that they used two different forms of hooked “tool“ to pull grubs from deep within tree trunks. Other birds and some primates have been seen to use objects to forage. But what is unusual here
10、is that the crows also make their own tools. Using their beaks as scissors and snippers, they fashion hooks from twigs, and make barbed, serrated rakes or combs from stiff leathery leaves. And they dont throw the tools away after one use-they carry them from one foraging place to another.Scientists
11、are still debating what this behavior means. Mans use of tools is considered a prime indication of his intelligence, is this a skill acquired by chance? Did the crows acquire tool making skills by trial and error rather than planning? Or, in its ability to adapt and exploit an enormous range of reso
12、urces and habitats, is the crow closer to humans than any other creature?Dr Hunt said this of his research: “There are many intriguing questions that remain to be answered about crows tool behavior. Most important would be whether or not they mostly learn or genetically inherit the know-how to make
13、and use tools. Without knowing that it is difficult to say anything about their intelligence, although one could guess that these crows have the capability to be as clever as crows in general.“The woodpecker finch is another consummate toolmaker; It will snap off a twig, trim it to size and use it t
14、o pry insects out of bark. In captivity, a cactus finch learnt how to do this by watching the woodpecker finch from its cage. The teacher helped the pupil by passing a ready- made spine across for the cactus finch to use.Communication AbilityAnother sign of intelligence, thought to be absent in most
15、 non-human animals, is the ability to engage in complex, meaningful communication. The work of Professor Irene Pepperberg of the University of Arizona, Tucson, has now shown the general perception of parrots as mindless mimics to be incorrect.The captive African grey parrot Alex is one of a number o
16、f parrots now believed to have the intelligence and emotional make-up of a 3 to 4 year old child. Under the tutelage of Professor Pepperherg, he acquired a vocabulary of over 100 words. He could say the words for colors and shapes and, apparently, use them meaningfully. He has learned the labels for
17、 more than 35 different objects; he knows when to use “no,“ and phrases such as “come here,“ “I want X,“ and “Wanna go Y.“A birds ability to understand, or speak, another birds language can be very valuable. New Zealand saddlebacks occupy the same territory for years. They have distinct song “dialec
18、ts“ passed on through the generations. New territory vacancies are hard to find, so young males are always on the look-out for new widows into whose territory they can move. While they wander around the forest, they learn the different dialect songs, just as we might learn a language or develop a re
19、gional dialect. As soon as a territory-owning male dies, a new young male may move in to take over within 10 minutes. He will immediately start singing the dialect of the territory he is in.Possessing Abstract ConceptsIntelligence-if this is what scientists agree these birds possess-is not limited t
20、o the birds we always thought of as “bright.“ In recent experiments at Cardiff University in Britain, a pigeon identified subtle differences between abstract designs that even art students did not notice. It could even tell that a Picasso was not the same as a Monet. The experiment seems to show tha
21、t pigeons can hold concepts, or ideas, in their heads. The visual concept for the pigeon is Picassos painting style.Social Necessity Makes Birds Smart.Scientists believe it is not physical need that drives creatures to become smarter, but social necessity. The complexities of living together require
22、 a higher level of intelligence. Corvids and parrots, along with dolphins, chimps, and humans are all highly social-and smart-animals.Some ravens certainly apply their intelligence for the good of the flock. In North America, they contact other ravens to tell them the location of a carcass(动物尸体). Ra
23、vens are specialized feeders on the carcasses of large mammals such as moose during the harsh winter months of North America. The birds roost together at night on a tree, arriving noisily from all directions shortly before sunset. The next morning, all the birds leave the roost as highly synchronize
24、d(同步地) groups at dawn, giving a few noisy caws, followed by honking. They may all be flying off in the direction taken by a bird, which had discovered a carcass the previous day. This bird leads the others to his food store, apparently sharing his finding with the rest of the flock.Ravens share info
25、rmation about their findings of food carcasses because dead animals are patchily(散落地) distributed and hard to find. Many eyes have a better chance of finding a carcass, and once one has been located, the information is pooled(共享的). Although the carcass now has to be shared between more individuals,
26、the heavy snowfall and risk of mammal scavengers (食腐动物) taking the food mean that a single bird or a small group could not eat it all alone anyway.Intelligence InheritanceThe level of intelligence among birds may vary. But no living bird is truly stupid. Each generation of birds that leaves the prot
27、ection of its parents to become independent has the inborn genetic information that will help it to survive in the outside world and the skills that it has learned from its parents. They would never have met the challenge of evolution without some degree of native cunning. Its just that some have mu
28、ch more than others.（分数：70.00）(1).The example of the Japanese carrion crows at the beginning of the passage is a demonstration of the _.（分数：7.00）A.kindness of peopleB.harmonious living conditionsC.ecological stabilityD.bird intelligence(2)._ believe(s) that birds as well as some other non-human anim
29、als show intelligence.（分数：7.00）A.BiologistsB.A new generation of scientistsC.Researchers of the University of ArizonaD.Only Dr Hunt and his colleagues(3).A type of North American crow can _ most of the pine seeds it buried even they are in deep snow.（分数：7.00）A.eat upB.retrieveC.crackD.lose(4).The wr
30、iter compares the ability of the crows on the Pacific island of New Caledonia in making and using tools with that of _.（分数：7.00）A.Paleolithic manB.North American crowC.the woodpecker finchD.carrion crows(5).People generally regard parrots speaking human language as _.（分数：7.00）A.meaningful communicat
31、ionB.conveyance of feelingsC.mindless mimicsD.ridiculous noises(6).A New Zealand saddleback learns the language of another saddleback in order to _.（分数：7.00）A.share information about food with itB.beat it in the competition for a spouseC.use the dialect to control the territory it just moves intoD.s
32、how that it has the ability to acquire different dialects(7).It is _ that drives birds to become intelligent.（分数：7.00）A.society necessityB.physical needC.genetic informationD.psychological request(8).Some birds, such as _, may hold ideas in their heads.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Some ravens in North Americ
33、a apply their intelligence for the good of the flock by _ the others to his food store.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Birds genetically inherit skills and abilities to meet the _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you
34、 have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.The train seldom arrives on time.B.The schedule has been misprinted.C.The speakers arrived at the station late.D.The company has trouble printing a schedule.A.She wants to borrow the mans student ID card.B.The tickets are less expensive than she expected.C.She wont be ab
35、le to get any discount for the ticket.D.The performance turned out to be disappointing.A.The organization of a conference.B.The cost of renting a conference room.C.The decoration of the conference room.D.The job of cleaning up the dining room.A.The man will go in for business fight after high school
36、.B.The woman is not happy with the mans decision.C.The man wants to be a business manager.D.The woman is working in a kindergarten.A.The woman doesnt like jam.B.The woman forgot where she had left the jar.C.The man had an accident.D.The man broke the jar.A.Opinions about the book are varied.B.The ma
37、n thinks the book is excellent.C.You shouldnt believe everything you read.D.The woman wonders which newspaper the man is reading.A.Its quite normal.B.Its too high.C.Its cheap indeed.D.It could be cheaper.A.The admission of a patient.B.Diagnosis of an illness.C.The old mans serious condition.D.Sendin
38、g for a doctor.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.At s party.B.At school.C.At a friends house.D.In the classroom.A.Sharon.B.Susan.C.Sherry.D.Ben.A.Marketing.B.International Business,C.Accounting.D.Education.A.Yes.B.No.C.Hard to say.D.Not mentioned.Questi
39、ons 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.It is in the center of Yunnan Province.B.It is in the center of Kunming.C.It is in the northwest to Ningliang Yi autonomous County.D.It is in the northwest of Yunnan Province.A.Its waterfalls and scenery.B.Its culture and sce
40、nery.C.Its autonomy and culture.D.Its natural wonders.A.Six hours.B.Eighteen hours.C.Sixteen hours.D.Eight hours.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Within 1 year.B.Within 2 years.C.Within 3 years.D.Within 4 years.A.About
41、one third.B.About two thirds.C.Less than half.D.More than half.A.To prepare disabled people for later life.B.To provide equal opportunities for disabled people.C.To analyze the success of disabled people.D.To measure the success of federal laws and programs.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on
42、 the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.By greeting each other very politely.B.By exchanging their views on public affairs.C.By displaying their feelings and emotions.D.By asking each other some personal questions.A.Refrain from showing his feelings.B.Argue fiercely.C.Express his opinion frankl
43、y.D.Yell loudly.A.Getting rich quickly.B.Respecting individual rights.C.Distinguishing oneself.D.Doing credit to ones community.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Watching sports on TV.B.Watching election returns.C.Late snacks.D.Sleeping.A.Defeat
44、.B.Indifference.C.Acceptance.D.Violation.A.The Third Kingdom.B.The Weimar Republic.C.The French Commune.D.Switzerland.A.Hitler.B.De Gaulle.C.Churchill,D.Hindenburg.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)I asked successful people What the secret of their success was. I (36) an early discussion with a vice presid
45、ent of a large oil company. “Oh, I just keep a To Do List,“ he said. I passed over that quickly, little (37) the importance of what be said.I was in another city the next day and I had lunch with a businessman who (38) owned the town. He was chairman of the gas and light company, president of five (
46、39) companies, and had his hand in a dozen other (40) I asked him how he (41) to get everything done. “Oh, thats easy,“ he said. “I keep a To Do List.“ The first thing in the morning, he told me, he would come in and list what he wanted to (42) that day. He would (43) the items in priority.During th
47、e day (44) . In the evening he would check to see how many of the items he had written clown still remained undone and then give himself a score. (45) .Again and again in the years since, when I have talked to successful people, the To Do List has come up. I have found that one difference between pe
48、ople at the top of the ladder and people at the bottom is that (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two “behavior segments“ in some novel way, never actually performed before, so as to reach a goal.Two followers of Clark Hull, Howard and Tra
