1、大学六级-844 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1. （分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)How to Retire EarlierIts every working staffs dream: saying goodbye to the daily grind while you still have your own teeth. In our early retirement fantasies, were traveling the worl
2、d, healthy and in the prime of our lives, visiting those hard-to-pronounce countries weve always talked about and sampling the finest local fare.Retirement-related ProblemsSurveys show that more than half of workers between the ages of 30 and 50 plan to retire before theyre 60. But theres only one p
3、roblem with this wishful thinking: Retiring early is easy, but making your money last is hard.One problem with saving up for early retirement is that we tend not to think beyond those first few glorious years of good health and full checking accountswe dont do the long-term math. If the average male
4、 life expectancy is 75.2 and we retire at 55, then our savings, and stock market investments need to last for 20 years. And what if we live even longer than average?And dont forget that life can get tricky during those last five or ten years. Very few fortunate souls drift away in their sleep at age
5、 88 without ever having major surgeries, hospitalizations or chronic (and ex- pensive) conditions to managenot to mention the ever-increasing costs of medical insurance and prescription drugs.While we tend to overestimate our health, we underestimate our post-retirement financial needs. A 2002 surve
6、y found that only 17 percent of workers thought theyd need 80 percent of their salary after retirement. Forty percent thought theyd be fine with 60 percent of current earnings. That might suffice for a few good years, but the longer you live, the less chance your money will last.Furthermore, isnt it
7、 possible that traveling the world and living out of a suitcase could get pretty tedious? Did you ever think that you might be bored without a day job? Do you have enough hobbies and interests to sustain you for 20 to 30 years without business trips, deadlines and daily meetings?But dont get discour
8、aged. If youre serious about retiring early and dedicated to making it work, you can make it happen. All it takes is some serious financial planning, a strict budget and some good old-fashioned luck.So how do you start planning for an early retirement? What are the most important calculations? What
9、are some common mistakes?Financial PlanningThe first step when planning for an early retirement is to figure out exactly how much money you have right now. This is called your net worth. Net worth is calculated by adding up all of your assets (cash, stocks, retirement accounts and the value of your
10、home) and subtracting all of your outstanding debt (mortgage, student loans and credit card debt).When you know how much you have, you need to figure out how much money youll need when you retire. This amount depends on several factors: what you want to do when you retire, how early you want to reti
11、re and what standard of living you want to enjoy when retired.If you want to keep up your current standard of living as a retiree, the rule of thumb is that youll be spending monthly at least 80 percent of what youre spending now. That other 20 percent you wont be spending accounts for work-related
12、expenses: gas or public transportation fares for your commute, dry cleaning bills, lunches and the like. But if you plan to travel, play more golf or fix up a classic car as a retiree, youll quickly make up that 20 percent you thought you were saving by not working.Perhaps the most important factor
13、when calculating how much youll need is how early you want to retire. Theres a big difference in planning for a 20-year retirement and a 40-year retirement. Plus, the earlier you retire, the longer youll have to wait to get Social Security benefits. This isnt a problem for people who retire after th
14、e minimum age for collecting Social Security (currently 62). But if you retire too early, you might not have enough to get by on until Social Security kicks in.Another serious consideration when planning for an early retirement is health insurance. When youre employed, you pay part of your monthly i
15、nsurance premium and your employer pays the rest. When you retire, youre guaranteed coverage under the same insurance policy for the next 18 to 36 months through the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconstruction Act, also known as COBRA. COBRA is meant as a temporary protection for employees who lose o
16、r change jobs. But even with COBRA, youll be paying the full premium, including what your boss used to pay.Youre not eligible for Medical benefits until youre 65. So, until you reach that age, youll need a supplementary insurance policy. When you apply for a new policy after COBRA runs out, you migh
17、t be surprised at how expensive it is to insure a 60-year-old with pre-existing medical conditions. The cheapest policy for a 62-year-old nonsmoker is $ 300 a month, and it increases if you smoke, have a history of heart problems, high blood pressure, diabetes and other conditions.One way to get sta
18、rted on your early retirement budget is to use one of the many free online retirement calculators to figure out how much youll need in net worth to retire at a certain age. But the only way to know if your planned retirement spending will work is to try a dry run. Try to live for three months on the
19、 projected monthly amount that you hope to live on when retired. If its not working now, it certainly wont work when you factor in increased healthcare and insurance costs.How can you start saving for an early retirement now? What are the best long-term investments for building up a retirement nest
20、egg?Investing for Early RetirementCompound interest is a beautiful thing. The best thing you can do right now to ensure an early retirement is to invest as much of your earnings as possible in safe, long-term investments and tax-deferrable retirement savings accounts.A good place to start is with a
21、tight budget. As we learned in How to Make a Million Dollars, one of the quickest ways to become rich is to live a frugal lifestyle. Instead of living beyond your meansbuying things on credit that you cant immediately pay backlive below your means. Buy a used car instead of a new one (or better yet,
22、 take the bus). Choose the two-bedroom house instead of the five-bedroom one.So, how much money should we be saving from each paycheck? MSN Money describes a 20/20/20 system. Starting at age 20, if you invest 20 percent of each paycheck, you could retire in 20 years and live on the interest from you
23、r investments. As weve already asked, can you live right now on 80 percent of your income, like youll be living on in retirement? Try setting up an automatic withdrawal (取款) from your checking account. Whenever a paycheck is deposited at the bank, 20 percent will automatically be deducted before you
24、 even have a chance to see it, let alone spend it.Now you need to take that money and invest it in something with guaranteed long-term growth. MSN Money recommends a stock market index fund that tracks S&P 500 companies. So as long as the stock market goes up over the next 20 yearswhich it historica
25、lly has, at a rate of 12 percent annuallyyour money will grow. Also, if you can increase your earnings slightly every year through pay raises and promotions, youll see even more growth.Stock investments are smart if you plan on retiring before youre in your 60s. When you start cashing in stocks at a
26、ge 40, youll have to pay only long-term capital gains taxes, which are currently at 15 percent. But other common retirement investments have stiff penalties for withdrawing money early. The minimum age to start withdrawing is 59.5.And remember, dont touch the interest on your stock investments. For
27、the magic of compound interest to work, you need to reinvest every penny of interest.（分数：70.00）(1).Why does the author say life can get tricky during a persons last 5 or 10 years?（分数：7.00）A.Because old people tend to sleep more than average.B.Because old peoples health usually fails during that time
28、.C.Because the life after retirement could be very long or very short.D.Because some old People cannot endure major surgeries.(2).What is the first thing to do to plan for an early retirement?（分数：7.00）A.To maintain a good figure.B.To earn as much money as you can now.C.To work out a detailed plan of
29、 world travelling.D.To know exactly the amount of your wealth.(3).If you want to have the same kind of living as a retiree, you may spend 20% less monthly than you do now because _ .（分数：7.00）A.older people tend to be more frugalB.expenses involved in work are savedC.public transportation will be che
30、aper thenD.older people can do their own cleaning then(4).When do people who retire start collecting Social Security benefits?（分数：7.00）A.Immediately after they retire.B.2 months after they retire.C.2 years after the normal retiring age.D.2 years before they retire.(5).What will happen to a persons h
31、ealth insurance after an early retirement?（分数：7.00）A.He will lose all the protection against medical problem.B.He will be covered by the same policy for a certain time.C.He doesnt have to pay for the health insurance any longer.D.He only has to pay part of his monthly insurance premium.(6).What are
32、retirees below the age of 65 suggested to do when their COBRA runs out?（分数：7.00）A.To apply for Medical benefits.B.To buy another insurance policy.C.To renew their COBRA.D.To ask for help from the government.(7).How can we know whether our planned retirement spending will work?（分数：7.00）A.We can use s
33、ome on-line retirement calculators.B.We can ask some people who have already retired.C.We can try to live below our means.D.We can conduct a kind of experiment of that life.(8).To make sure that we live now on 80% of our income and invest the other 20%, the author suggests applying to the bank for _
34、 .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The author suggests that 20% of each paycheck be invested in something with _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Stock investments are better to early retirees than other common retirement investments in that when cashed in, they require only _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数
35、：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.At a hamburger shop.B.At a parking lot.C.At a laundry.D.At a gas station.A.The Best of Jazz.B.Classical Favorites.C.Christmas Carols.D.Rock Music Collection.A.He has to fill in for some
36、one.B.He has an appointment.C.He has a meeting.D.He doesnt give a reason.A.She met someone who could pay the bill.B.She billed her new roommate for the suit.C.She hasnt found a suitable roommate yet.D.Shes looking for someone who can lend her money.A.She went to Atlanta.B.She went to a convention.C.
37、She went to a hospital.D.She stayed at home.A.She hasnt talked with the new manager yet.B.The new manager was not in the office.C.She has been at home.D.She didnt want to talk with the new manager.A.He has just been dead.B.He went home after church.C.He has not felt well lately.D.He will attend chur
38、ch tomorrow.A.He is going driving.B.He is going shopping.C.He is going blowing.D.He is going fishing.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Fiji, the South Seas and the Pacific Ocean.B.South East Asia, the South Seas and West Africa.C.The South Seas, South E
39、ast Asia and the Galapagos Islands.D.South East Asia, West Africa and the South Seas.A.When youre always just about to do something.B.When youve just moved from this house to that house.C.When you actually get into a situation.D.When the circumstances do not change.A.Because it is very important.B.B
40、ecause she cared about spending 12 million quid.C.Because she attached importance to new things and challenges.D.Because she is afraid of being fired.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Junior Sales Manager Wanted.B.Personnel Manager Wanted.C.Secretary Wa
41、nted.D.Managing Director Wanted.A.Someone who is just out of university with exaggerated ideas of his own importance.B.Someone who looks at the clock all the time.C.Someone who is single and has plenty of ambition.D.Someone who talks like a gutter.A.The candidate would be given a big salary to start
42、 with.B.The candidates increases in salary would be dependent on his effectiveness.C.The candidate would get a bonus though he has no overtime pay initially.D.The candidate expects high salary though he would not have the ability.A.Husband and wife.B.Personnel Manager and secretary.C.Sales Manager a
43、nd Manager-general.D.Manager and a newspaper editor.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The government.B.Companies that advertise their products or services.C.Huge groups of audiences.D.A smaller group of people.A.They are filled wit
44、h advertisements.B.They are interrupted by advertising messages.C.They must be interesting to huge groups of people.D.They can be interesting only to small groups of people.A.How to sew.B.How to paint.C.How to take photos.D.How to cook.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
45、（分数：21.00）A.Fathers incorporated.B.Divorce Rate.C.Single-parent families.D.Childrens care in single-parent families.A.Alone by themselves.B.With their mother.C.With their father.D.Part of the time with mother, the other with their father.A.Men need not do the job.B.Men can also do the job as well as
46、 women.C.Men should not do the job.D.Men can not do the job.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Introduce Alvin Tofflers best seller Future Shock.B.Discuss the throwaway problem in America.C.Analyze the relationship between men and things.D.Describe the throwa
47、way products made in USA.A.Bibs.B.Cardboard milk containers.C.Spaceships.D.Rockets.A.Poor quality leads to the short-term use of products.B.People do not like one-time use products.C.Products tend to be disposable.D.People refuse to use returnable objects.A.Throwaway products are widely used because
48、 they are produced.B.Using throwaway products is too wasteful.C.Throwaway products play an important role in American society.D.Throwaway objects should be stopped.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)There are many kinds of libraries in the world. And we could borrow books or get the information from it. The
49、y may be (36) , school, college and most of (37) or some others, we may call them as (38) libraries such as those in hospital, businesses, (39) , or service department and (40) . Some of these libraries are for (41) children and adult, and most of them are adults. Some are almost (42) for children and some are for adults only. Perhaps the first library that children learn
