1、大学六级-798 及答案解析(总分：614.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：53.00)1.1. 目前低碳生活成为一种流行2. 低碳生活指的是3. 作为大学生的我应该怎么做Low-Carbon Lifestyle（分数：53.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The End of the Cash EraIn the spring Adam Smith will replace Sir Edward Elgar as the face on Britains 20 note. The first econ
2、omic thinker to be so honored could well be the last. Not because economists are especially undeserving, but because cash, after millennia as one of mankinds most versatile and enduring technologies, looks set over the next 15 years or so finally to melt away into an electronic stream of ones and ze
3、ros. If an era is represented by its money, the information age is at hand.Notes and coins are already a small fraction of the money in most rich countries. But going by the number of transactions rather than their value, we still live firmly in a cash society. The European Payments Council estimate
4、s that the European Unions 360 billion cash transactions cost at least 50 billion a year; others put the bill at 200 a head. Visa, a huge credit-card alliance, reckons cash accounts for most of the $1.3 trillion spent a year across the world on small-ticket items. Whether queuing to get money out an
5、d queuing again to spend it, or breaking a $100 bill with an irate (发怒的) cab driver one minute and having your pockets and purses fat with coins the next, cash is plainly still king.Yet signs of the new order are everywhere. On February 12th, 19 telephone operators with networks in over 100 countrie
6、s said that people would be able to use their handsets to send money abroad. MasterCard will operate the system in which remittances (汇款) will be sent as text messages. For people without bank accounts, the credit can be converted into pre-paid cards which can then be used to buy things. “It will re
7、volutionize the money-transfer business,“ said Sunil Bharti Mittal, boss of Bharti Airtel, one of Indias biggest mobile operators. The idea is to tap into the more than $250 billion a year that immigrants and migrant workers send to relatives and friends back home.Britains Vodafone and Americas Citi
8、group are also launching an international money-transfer service developed from the M-PESA remittance service which is already operating successfully within Kenya. Sir John Bond, formerly chairman of the HSBC banking group and now chairman of Vodafone, has long been convinced that payments and mobil
9、es would somehow converge. “Mobile phones have the ability to make a dramatic change to village life in Africa,“ he says. He also thinks phones loaded with credit will make many of the payments people use cash for in rich economies. For banks with high infrastructure costs, says Sir John, it has alw
10、ays “been hard to make money out of small payments“. But lower-cost business models, some of them from developing countries, are opening up new opportunities. The big attraction of the mobile phone as a purse is that so many people have them - even children.Both MasterCard and Visa have recently int
11、roduced plastic cards in America that do not have to be swiped for purchases under $25. Later this year a “dual interface“ system will be tested in London. It will involve a single plastic card which combines an Oyster for travel, a standard Visa card issued by Britains Barclays Bank for “chip and P
12、IN“ payments and a new “wave and pay“ Visa for instant transactions up to 10.Nobody can be sure how fast bits and bytes will drive out metal and paper. A hundred years ago you could still pay your taxes in Uganda in cowrie shells. Perhaps hard cash will always find a niche, tucked away in childrens
13、birthday cards and as money for the unbanked and phoneless. But most of the time a phone or a smart card that can be waved over an electronic reader will beat notes and coins hands-down. The doubt - and the remaining obstacle to digital money - concerns a third property of cash: its anonymity.Gresha
14、ms law vs Moores lawRendering cash as pure information is the final denial of the notion that money has intrinsic value: what was once a carefully weighed piece of gold, silver or bronze has become simply a token. That is a hard-won truth. As John Maynard Keynes once lamented, when it appears govern
15、ments are able to deceive their citizens by depreciating the currency.Yet when money is minted (铸造) from silicon something remarkable happens. The economics of handling cash - which today involves thick-necked men in crash-helmets - is suddenly embodied by Moores law, which has seen the cost of comp
16、uter-processing power fall by half every 18 months or so. Electronic information is instantaneous, weightless and exact. No longer the miserable fumbling through coat pockets while a line of waiting customers quietly fumes. Shopkeepers can do away with expensive cash floats and elaborate ruses to st
17、op cash fraud - such as charging $4.99 so that the $5 bill most people hand over has to pass through the till (现金出纳机 的抽屉) for one cent change rather than being trousered by a shop assistant.Information-money can be handled by any information-processing device. That includes the mobile phone, which c
18、an add to moneys utility in that its screen can display information clearly and it can link to your bank as a mobile ATM at any time. Visa thinks a contactless digital transaction takes less than half the time of a cash one and that people liberated from what happens to be in their wallets spend a f
19、ifth more.Which is why digital cash is now solving its chicken-and-egg problem. In the past shopkeepers would not install systems unless shoppers had electronic cash. And shoppers would not use electronic cash unless they had something to buy. But smart cards and readers have become cheap and consum
20、ers now possess mobile phones in droves. The trillions of payments that are too small to bear the fees of paying by credit card have come within reach and almost everyone stands to gain. Some Japanese merchants have already begun to offer discounts to people using electronic cash. Others will follow
21、.The buck stops hereExcept there is that nagging question of anonymity. It is well known that privacy has a lot going for it. The firms running payment systems might sell information about what you buy and when. Prepare yourself for a barrage of e-coupons and offers designed to fit your profile and
22、uploaded to your phone. And there are more serious concerns. In the cash world, anonymity can be a cloak for wrong doing. The suspicion clings that where you find anonymity you find drugs, fraud, money laundering, terrorist financing and a huge amount of tax evasion.No wonder governments have long s
23、ought to control anonymous financial instruments. The state is certain to limit the amount that can pass through an anonymous card, phone, or other means of business. Eager to collect taxes from builders and nannies, it will also be tempted to monitor electronic-cash payments.Whether it does so is a
24、 political question, not a technological one. You can design payment systems that protect against fraud and yet preserve anonymity, just as you can design open systems or those that keep your identity secret unless the authorities demand that it be revealed.When it comes to trading convenience again
25、st privacy, most people seem to back convenience every time. With cash, however, it might be different. The more the state intrudes into electronic cash, the more it encourages inefficient notes and coin. From the first slave who bought his freedom, money has been what Dostoyevsky called “coined lib
26、erty“. As Adam Smith would no doubt have observed, just because the state can pry into electronic cash does not mean it should.（分数：70.00）(1).Why could Adam Smith be the last economist as the face on a bank note?（分数：7.00）A.No economic thinker could be more honorable.B.Cash is very versatile and endur
27、ing.C.We will not need money in the near future.D.Electronic money will replace cash in the future.(2).The second paragraph mainly indicates that _.（分数：7.00）A.notes and coins play a less important role than beforeB.cash still dominates the economic life in the societyC.we dont need as much money in
28、flow as goods valueD.there are many inconveniences in cash transactions(3).According to Sunil Bharti Mittal, what will revolutionize the traditional money-transfer business?（分数：7.00）A.Alliance of telephone operators and MasterCard.B.The large demand of immigrants and migrant workers.C.Sending money
29、by text messages.D.International telephone networks.(4).What does the chairman of Vodafone John Bond think of banks?（分数：7.00）A.They can hardly get profit out of small payments.B.They may disappear in the near future just like cash.C.They have greatly changed village life in Africa.D.They hold a prim
30、ary role in the money-transfer business.(5).Visa will introduce a new “wave and pay“ card in London for purchases _.（分数：7.00）A.under $25B.under 10C.abroadD.in traveling(6).According to John Maynard Keynes, when can governments use devaluation of currency to take in people?（分数：7.00）A.When value is in
31、herent in money.B.When metal currency becomes a token.C.When cash cant be used anonymously.D.When Moores law begins to work.(7).According to Visa, transactions by mobile ATMs can encourage spending by _.（分数：7.00）A.18%B.5%C.4O%D.2O%(8).More and more Japanese shopkeepers encourage using electronic cas
32、h by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).To limit wrong doing, governments have long been trying to control _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).More people would use notes and coin to protect _ when electronic cash payments are under strict monitoring.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105
33、.00)A.The long wait.B.The mistakes in her telephone bill.C.The broken-down computer.D.The bad telephone service.A.The man is an exceptionally excellent student.B.The woman is not allowed to give make-up exams.C.The students request will be granted.D.The student wont be able to complete the course.A.
34、He was furious with his boss.B.He was always late for work.C.His daughters being sick made him late.D.He made a big mistake in his work.A.She had a bad cold.B.She had a car accident.C.She got home before 10 oclock.D.She was delayed.A.Mr. Smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake.B.Mr. Smith
35、 is an admirable chief of the Asian Department.C.Mr. Smiths department is more successful than all the others.D.Mr. Smith is not available in the office these days.A.The classroom was under construction.B.He couldnt focus on the class due to the noise.C.He felt that his studying was not effective.D.
36、He went back to get the book left at home.A.Lend the novel to the man.B.Check if Alice will lend the novel.C.Buy the novel from Alice.D.Look for another novel for the man.A.He has a darker skin now.B.He went south to get sun-tanned.C.He could not recognize his mother.D.He works in a southern state.Q
37、uestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.New foods to try when traveling.B.Making reservations for the best travel.C.Avoiding gaining weight while traveling.D.Adjusting to time changes when travelingA.It changes the bodys metabolism through rapid weight gain.B.
38、It tricks the body into responding as if it were in a different time zone.C.It promotes increased alertness by adding snacks to the diet.D.It builds resistance to illness by increasing intake of vitamins.A.He feels rushed.B.He hates to pack.C.He doesnt like to restrict his diet.D.Hes worried about h
39、is lecture.A.He has a big appetite.B.He eats only at regular mealtimes.C.He avoids new foods.D.He eats only healthful foods.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Where they should move.B.How to negotiate with the landlord.C.How to fight the increase.D.Wheth
40、er to accept an increase in rent or move.A.Stay and negotiate or move.B.Buy a laptop or accept the increase.C.Move closer to the school or the subway.D.They have no choice but to move.A.It is close to the school.B.It is quiet and good for sleep.C.It has convenient facilities.D.The rental agreement i
41、s good.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.They were roommates.B.They were good friends.C.They were competitors.D.They were booksellers.A.He envied Richards marriage.B.He was guilty of Richards death.C.He felt lucky with n
42、o rival in town.D.He thought of Richard from time to time.A.From the latters rivals Dylans.B.From the wrapping paper of a book.C.From a rare first edition of a dictionary.D.From a dictionary collector in Australia.A.Both of them realized their original ambitions.B.Both George and Richard became mill
43、ionaires.C.Richard became a millionaire while George had no great success.D.George established a successful business while Richard was missing.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The baby was about to fall into the river.B.Ma Shwe was placing the ba
44、by on the rock.C.The baby was washed away by the rising water.D.Ma Shwe was holding the baby against the rushing water.A.By taking it away with her.B.By carrying it on her back.C.By putting it on a safe spot.D.By pressing it against her body.A.It was a great comfort.B.It was a sign of danger.C.It wa
45、s a call for help.D.It was a musical note.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.It may come from Columbia.B.It may suffer from monkey-pox.C.It may enjoy being with children.D.It may prevent us from being infected.A.They attack human beings.B.We need
46、 to study native animals.C.They cant live out of the rain forest.D.We do not know much about them yet.A.Forbid children to have pets.B.Stop buying pets from Africa.C.Fight against more new diseases.D.Easily get infected by diseases from dogs.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Personality is to a large exten
47、t inherent - A-type parents usually bring about A-type (36) . But the environment must also have a (37) effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.One place where children (38) up A-characteristics is school, which i
48、s, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools (39) the win at all costs moral standard and (40) their success by sporting achievements. The current (41) for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competi
49、tive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, (42) dead seconds after saying “Rejoice, we conquer!“By tar the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate (43) on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those t
