1、大学六级-641 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前盗版的现象比较严重；2造成这种现象的原因及其危害；3我们应该怎么做。Useful words and expressions：盗 版：piracy(n.)盗版产品：pirated products知识产权：intellectual property rights侵犯版权：infringe sb.s copyright；copyright infringement（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00
2、)Rain forestsTropical rainforests are the most diverse ecosystem (生态系统) on Earth, and also the oldest. Today, tropical rainforests cover only 6 percent of the Earths ground surface, but they are home to over half of the planets plant and animal species.What Is a Rainforest?Generally speaking, a rain
3、forest is an environment that receives high rainfall and is dominated by tall trees. A wide range of ecosystems fall into this category, of course. But most of the time when people talk about rainforests, they mean the tropical rainforests located near the equator.These forests receive between 160 a
4、nd 400 inches of rain per year. The total annual rainfall is spread pretty evenly throughout the year, and the temperature rarely dips below 60 degrees Fahrenheit.This steady climate is due to the position of rainforests on the globe. Because of the orientation of the Earths axis, the Northern and S
5、outhern hemispheres each spend part of the year tilted away from the sun. Since rainforests are at the middle of the globe, located near the equator, they arc not especially affected by this change. They receive nearly the same amount of sunlight, and therefore heat, all year. Consequently, the weat
6、her in these regions remains fairly constant.The consistently wet, warm weather and ample sunlight give plant life everything it needs to thrive. Trees have the resources to grow to tremendous heights, and they live for hundreds, even thousands, of years. These giants, which reach 60 to 150 ft in th
7、e air, form the basic structure of the rainforest. Their top branches spread wide in order to capture maximum sunlight. This creates a thick canopy (树冠) level at the top of the forest, with thinner greenery levels underneath. Some large trees grow so tall that they even tower over the canopy layer.A
8、s you go lower, down into the rainforest, you find less and less greenery. The forest floor is made up of moss, fungi, and decaying plant matter that has fallen from the upper layers. The reason for this decrease in greenery is very simple the overabundance of plants gathering sunlight at the top of
9、 the forest blocks most sunlight from reaching the bottom of the forest, making it difficult for robust plants to thrive.The Forest for the TreesThe ample sunlight and extremely wet climate of many tropical areas encourage the growth of towering trees with wide canopies. This thick top layer of the
10、rainforest dictates the lives of all other plants in the forest. New tree seedlings rarely survive to make it to the top unless some older trees die, creating a “hole“ in the canopy. When this happens, all of the seedlings on the ground level compete intensely to reach the sunlight.Many plant specie
11、s reach the top of the forest by climbing the tall trees. It is much easier to ascend this way, because the plant doesnt have to form its own supporting structure.Some plant species, called epiphytes, grow directly on the surface of the giant trees. These plants, which include a variety of orchids a
12、nd ferns, make up much of the understory, the layer of the rainforest right below the canopy. Epiphytes are close enough to the top to receive adequate light, and the runoff from the canopy layer provides all the water and nutrients(养分)they need, which is important since they dont have access to the
13、 nutrients in the ground. Stranglers and ButtressesSome epiphytes eventually develop into stranglers. They grow long, thick roots that extend down the tree trunk into the ground. As they continue to grow, the roots form a sort of web structure all around the tree. At the same time, the strangler pla
14、nts branches extend upward, spreading out into the canopy. Eventually, the strangler may block so much light from above, and absorb such a high percentage of nutrients from the ground below, that the host tree dies.Competition over nutrients is almost as intense as competition for light. The excessi
15、ve rainfall rapidly dissolves nutrients in the soil making it relatively infertile except at the top layers. For this reason, rainforest tree roots grow outward to cover a wider area, rather than downward to lower levels. This makes rainforest trees somewhat unstable, since they dont have very stron
16、g anchors in the ground. Some trees compensate for this by growing natural buttresses. These buttresses are basically tree trunks that extend out from the side of the tree and clown to the ground, giving the tree additional support.Rainforest trees are dependent on bacteria that are continually prod
17、ucing nutrients in the ground. Rainforest bacteria and trees have a very close, symbiotic (共生的) relationship. The trees provide the bacteria with food, in the form of fallen leaves and other material, and the bacteria break this material down into the nutrients that the trees need to survive.One of
18、the most remarkable things about rainforest plant life is its diversity. The temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest are mainly composed of a dozen or so tree species. A tropical rainforest, on the other hand, might have 300 distinct tree species.All Creatures, Great and SmallRainforests are
19、home to the majority of animal species in the world. And a great number of species who now live in other environments, including humans, originally inhabited the rainforests. Researchers estimate that in a large rainforest area, there may be more than 10 million different animal species.Most of thes
20、e species have adapted for life in the upper levels of the rainforest, where food is most plentiful. Insects, which can easily climb or fly from tree to tree, make up the largest group (ants are the most abundant animal in the rainforest). Insect species have a highly symbiotic relationship with the
21、 plant life in a rainforest. The insects move from plant to plant, enjoying the wealth of food provided there. As they travel, the insects may pick up the plants seeds, dropping them some distance away. This helps to disperse the population of the plant species over a larger area.The numerous birds
22、of the rainforest also play a major part in seed dispersal. When they eat fruit from a plant, the seeds pass through their digestive system. By the time they excrete (排泄) the seeds, the birds may have flown many miles away from the fruit-bearing tree.There are also a large number of reptiles and mam
23、mals in the rainforest. Since the weather is so hot and humid during the day, most rainforest mammals are active only at night, dusk or dawn. The many rainforest bat species are especially well adapted for this lifestyle. Using their sonar, bats navigate easily through the mass of trees in the rainf
24、orest, feeding on insects and fruit.While most rainforest species spend their lives in the trees, there is also a lot of life on the forest floor. Great apes, wild pigs, big cats and even elephants can all be found in rainforests. There are a number of people who live in the rainforests, as well. Th
25、ese tribes-which, up until recently, numbered in the thousands-are being forced out of the rainforests at an alarming rate because of deforestation.DeforestationIn the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests at an alarming rate. Today, roughly 1.5 acres of rainforest are destroy
26、ed every second. People are cutting down the rainforests in pursuit of three major resources: land for crops lumber for paper and other wood products land for livestock pasturesIn the current economy, people obviously have a need for all of these resources. But almost all experts agree that, over ti
27、me, we will suffer much more from the destruction of the rainforests than we will benefit.The worlds rainforests are an extremely valuable natural resource, to be sure, but not for their lumber or their land. They are the main cradle of life on Earth, and they hold millions of unique life forms that
28、 we have yet to discover. Destroying the rainforests is comparable to destroying an unknown planet we have no idea what were losing. If deforestation continues at its current rate, the worlds tropical rainforests will be wiped out within 40 years.（分数：70.00）(1).Virtually all plant and animal species
29、on Earth can be found in tropical rainforests.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).There is not much change in the weather in the tropical rainforests all the year round.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The largest number of rainforests in the world are located on the African continent.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Below the canopy level
30、of a tropical rainforest grows an overabundance of plants.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).New tree seedlings will not survive to reach the canopy level unless _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Epiphytes, which form much of the understory of the rainforest, get all their water and nutrients from _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Strang
31、lers are so called because they _ by blocking the sunlight and competing for the nutrients.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Since rainforest bacteria and trees depend on each other for life, the relationship they form is termed _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Plant species are dispersed over a large area with the help of
32、_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).As we are still ignorant of millions of unique life forms in the rainforest, deforestation can be compared to the destruction of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just hear
33、d.（分数：56.00）A.She isnt going to change her major.B.She plans to major in tax law.C.She studies in the same school as her brother.D.She isnt going to work in her brothers firm.A.She will do her best if the job is worth doing.B.She prefers a life of continued exploration.C.She will stick to the job if
34、 the pay is good.D.She doesnt think much of job-hopping.A.Stop thinking about the matter.B.Talk the drug user out of the habit.C.Be more friendly to his schoolmate.D.Keep his distance from drug addicts.A.The son.B.The father.C.The mother.D.Aunt Louise.A.Stay away for a couple of weeks.B.Check the lo
35、cks every two weeks.C.Look after the Johnsons house.D.Move to another place.A.He didnt want to warm up for the game.B.He didnt want to be held up in traffic.C.He wanted to make sure they got tickets.D.He wanted to catch as many game birds as possible.A.It will reduce government revenues.B.It will st
36、imulate business activities.C.It will mainly benefit the wealthy.D.It will cut the stockholders dividends.A.The man should phone the hotel for directions.B.The man can ask the department store for help.C.She doesnt have the hotels phone number.D.The hotel is just around the corner.Questions 19 to 21
37、 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To interview a few job applicants.B.To fill a vacancy in the company.C.To advertise for a junior sales manager.D.To apply for a job in a major newspaper.A.A hardworking ambitious young man.B.A young man good at managing his time.C.A coll
38、ege graduate with practical working experience.D.A young man with his own idea of what is important.A.Not clearly specified.B.Not likely to be met.C.Reasonable enough.D.Apparently sexist.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The latest developments of an ar
39、med rebellion in Karnak.B.The fall of Karnaks capital city into the hands of the rebel forcesC.The epidemic that has just broken out in the country of Karnak.D.The peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak.A.The epidemic has been brought under control.B.There are signs of progress
40、in the peace process.C.Great improvements are being made in its capital.D.Theres little hope of bringing the conflict to an end.A.Late in the morning.B.Early in the afternoon.C.Sometime before dawn.D.Shortly after sunrise.A.Inadequate medical care.B.Continuing social unrest.C.Lack of food, water and
41、 shelter.D.Rapid spreading of the epidemic.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.One of the bridges between North and South London collapsed.B.The heart of London was flooded.C.An emergency exercise was conducted.D.A hundred
42、 people in the suburbs were drowned.A.Fifty underground stations were made waterproof.B.A flood wall was built.C.An alarm system was set up.D.Rescue teams were formed.A.Most Londoners were frightened.B.Most Londoners became rather confused.C.Most Londoners took Exercise Floodwall calmly.D.Most Londo
43、ners complained about the trouble caused by Exercise Floodwall.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.It limited their supply of food.B.It made their eggshells to fragile.C.It destroyed many of their nests.D.It killed man baby bald eagles.A.They found
44、ways to speed up the reproduction of bald eagles.B.They developed new types of feed for baby bald eagles.C.They explored new ways to hatch baby bald eagles.D.They brought in bald eagles from Canada.A.Pollution of the environment.B.A new generation of pest killers.C.Over-killing by hunters.D.Destruct
45、ion of their natural homes.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Why people hold back their tears.B.Why people cry.C.How to restrain ones tears.D.How tears are produced.A.What chemicals tears are composed of.B.Whether crying really helps us feel bet
46、ter.C.Why some people tend to cry more often than others.D.How tears help people cope with emotional problems.A.Only one out of four girls cries less often than boys.B.Of four boys, only one cries very often.C.Girls cry four times as often as boys.D.Only one out of four babies doesnt cry often.A.Onl
47、y humans respond to emotions by shedding tears.B.Only humans shed tears to get rid of imitating stuff in their eyes.C.Only human tears can resist invading bacteria.D.Only human tears can discharge certain chemicals.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)He was a funny-looking man with a cheerful face, good-natu
48、red and a great talker. He was (36) by his student, the great philosopher Plato, as “the best and most just and wisest man.“ Yet this same man was (37) to death for his beliefs by a jury composed of the leading figures of the time in Athens.The man was the Greek philosopher Socrates, and he was put to death for not believing in the recognized gods and for (38) young people. The second charge steamed from his (39) with numerous young men who came to Athens from all over the (40) world to study under him.Socratess method of teaching was to ask questions and, by (41)
