1、大学六级-639 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should College Students Use Credit Cards?. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 很多人到学校推销信用卡2. 有人认为大学生用信用卡是一种时
2、尚，但有些老师和家长却为此担忧3. 我的看法Should College Students Use Credit Cards?（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Should We Ban Human Cloning or Not?The world was stunned by the news in the summer of 1995, when a British embryologist named Ian Wilmut, and his research team, successfully cloned Dolly th
3、e sheep using the technique of nuclear transfer. Replacing the DNA of one sheeps egg with the DNA of another sheeps the team created Dolly. Plants and lower forms of animal life have been successfully cloned for many years, but before Wilmuts announcement, it had been thought by many to be unlikely
4、that such a procedure could be performed on larger mammals and life forms. The world media was immediately filled with heated discussions about the ethical implications of cloning.Some of the most powerful people in the world have felt compelled to act against this threat. President Clinton swiftly
5、imposed a ban on federal funding for human-cloning research. Bills were put in the works in both houses of Congress to outlaw human cloning because it was deemed as a fundamentally evil thing that must be stopped. But what, exactly, is bad about it? From an ethical point of view, it is difficult to
6、see exactly what is wrong with cloning human beings. The people who are afraid of cloning tend to assume that someone would, for example, break into Napoleons Tomb, steal some DNA and make a bunch of emperors. In reality, infertile people who use donated sperm, eggs, or embryos would probably use cl
7、oning. Do the potential harms outweigh the benefits of cloning? From what we know now, they dont. Therefore, we should not rush placing a ban on a potentially useful method of helping infertile, genetically at-risk, homosexual, or single people to become parents.Do human beings have a right to repro
8、duce? No one has the moral right to tell another person that they should not be able to have children, and I dont see why Bill Clinton has that right either. If humans have a right to reproduce, what right does society have to limit the means? Essentially all reproduction done these days is with med
9、ical help at delivery, and even before. Truly natural human reproduction would make pregnancy-related death the number one killer of adult women.Some forms of medical help are more invasive than others. With in vitro (体外的) fertilization, the sperm and egg are combined in a lab and surgically implant
10、ed in the womb. Less than two decades ago, a similar concern was raised over the ethical issues involving “test-tube babies“. Today, nearly 30,000 such babies have been born in the United States alone. This miracle has made many parents happy. So what principle says that one combination of genetic m
11、aterial in a flask is acceptable, but not another?Nature clones people all the time. Approximately one in 1,000 births is an identical twin. However, despite how many or how few individual characteristics twins have in common, they are still different people. They have their own identities, their ow
12、n thoughts, and their own rights. They enter different occupations, get different diseases, and have different experiences with marriage, alcohol, community leadership, etc. Twins have different personalities as would cloned individuals. Even if someone cloned several Napoleons, each would be differ
13、ent and even more unique than twins; the cloned child would be raised in a different setting. Therefore, cloning does not rob individuals of their personality.Perhaps the strongest ethical argument against cloning is that it could lead to a new, unfamiliar type of family relationship. We have no ide
14、a what it would be like to grow up as the child of parents who seem to know you from the inside. Some psychological characteristics may be biologically, or genetically, based. The parent would know in advance what crises a cloned teenager could go through and how he or she will respond. Because the
15、parents may understand what the child is going through, to greater degree than most parents, it may produce a good and loving relationship in the long run. On the other hand, most children want to have their own space. Simply because a family relationship is new and untried is no reason to automatic
16、ally condemn it. In the past, many types of family relationships were considered harmful, but later showed to cause no harm to the children. Among these is joint custody after divorce, gay and lesbian parenting, and interracial adoption. As with adoption, in vitro fertilization, and the use of donor
17、 sperm, how the child will react to the news about his or her arrival in this world will depend on how the parents feel about their mode of reproduction. Parents and children may adjust to cloning far more easily than we might think, just as it happened with in vitro fertilization.One recurring imag
18、e in anti-cloning propaganda is of some evil dictator raising an army of cloned warriors. But who is going to raise such an army. Clones start out life as babies. It is much easier to recruit young adults than to take care of babies for twenty years. Remember that cloning isnt the same as genetic en
19、gineering. No one can make another superman and his super powers might have a slim chance of being genetically determined, but nothing is certain.Some might think that cloning is playing God. However, can you really say that you know Gods intentions? There is substantial disagreement as to what Gods
20、 will is. Armstrong wrote, anyone who has truly proved that God exists, that God isnt only Creator, but Life-giver, Designer, Sustainer, and Ruler over all his creation, knows that the human family began with one man, and that together with him a wife, miraculously created from his own body and as u
21、nique and original a creation as Adam himself, formed the first family. Though Gods miraculous creation of Eve was far from cloning, it is interesting to note in passing that Gods own Word says He used Adams ribphysical bone and tissueto create Eve.Another argument against cloning is that it would o
22、nly be available to the wealthy and, therefore, would increase social inequality. What else is new? This is the story of American health care. We need a better health care system, not a ban on new technologies. Hopefully our new president will help us with this problem as well.The U. S. Federal Gove
23、rnment should not deem human cloning and cloning research illegal. It may provide a way for completely sterile or homosexual individuals to reproduce, and will probably provide valuable basic research and possible spin-off technologies related to reproduction and development. Our society has respect
24、ed general rights to control ones body regarding reproduction, and finally prohibiting it would violate the fundamental freedom of scientific inquiring.Will human cloning be done? Undoubtedly. The technique used in sheep cloning does not require a highly sophisticated laboratory. Since the United St
25、ates government does not support research on human cloning, and the United Kingdom, France, and Germany have banned it, the research making cloning possible may take place in Asia, Eastern Europe, or the East. Much cloning may also take place in secret, and will occur regardless of United States pol
26、icies. Approximately eighty percent of Americans feel that cloning is wrong. However, the vast majority of people, including those who rail against cloning research, owe their lives to previous medical discoveries. Dont let the forces of ignorance and fear turn us away from new types of research.（分数
27、：70.00）(1).Cloning large mammals and life forms had been practiced for many years by the time of Doily was cloned.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).We should be informed of the potential harm about cloning.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Pregnancy-related death is the number one killer of adult women.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).In v
28、itro fertilization is completed in a lab and the fertilized egg is surgically implanted in the womb.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).More than two decades ago, people showed much concern over the ethical issues involving “test-tube babies“.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Cloned individuals would have different personalities
29、 as do twins.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Many types of family relationships used to be considered harmful, and later confirmed to cause harm to the children.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Compared with cloning human and bringing them up as an army, it would be much cheaper to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).One argument against
30、 cloning is that it would only be a privilege to _ and would lead to social inequality.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Most people, including those who are against cloning research, owe their lives to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)A.The man looks very nice in
31、a suit and tie.B.The man does not need to change clothes.C.She likes the sweater the man is wearing.D.She does not think jeans are appropriate.A.She will not have time to prepare lunch.B.She has to cancel her plan to have lunch with the man.C.She does not remember discussing the matter.D.She would r
32、ather wait until tomorrow to decide.A.Supervisor and student.B.Colleagues.C.Editor and contributor.D.Customer and typist,A.Show the man how to use the copy machine.B.Copy the message for the man.C.Inform the man about the policy.D.Call the man after she talks to the students,A.The woman likes the vi
33、ew in winter.B.The woman has never been in North China.C.The man should take a winter vacation in North China,D.The man would not enjoy living in North China all year.A.Go to the game by himself.B.Buy a piece of newspaper.C.Read the newspaper to find the result of the game.D.Read the newspaper to fi
34、nd the information about the game.A.He thinks it perfect for him.B.He is satisfied with everything he has.C.He is not satisfied with the place of his office.D.He is not satisfied with the salary he gets.A.She has changed her schedule.B.She works less than she used to.C.She is going to ask for a leav
35、e on Wednesday.D.She is going to have her vacation on Tuesday.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A player of background music.B.A researcher on the function of background music.C.A composer of background music.D.A fan of background music.A.It makes the w
36、orkers excited.B.It helps to reduce workers complaint.C.It makes workers spend less time having their dinner.D.It might make the production increase.A.The history of background music.B.The function of background music.C.The way background music is played.D.The popularity of background music among wo
37、rkers.A.Fast music promotes the sale of hamburgers.B.Background music is played in prisons to make prisoner educated.C.Background music is sometimes very boring to the workers.D.Background music is usually faster than any other music.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just hea
38、rd.（分数：21.00）A.Its light-weighted and small.B.It has metal filters.C.It looks like a straw.D.Its large but necessary.A.Salt.B.Chemical pollutants.C.Germs.D.Minerals.A.The water it draws changes color.B.The straw stops drawing water.C.From the built-in measuring device of it.D.By measuring the amount
39、 of water.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Characteristics of big bands swing music.B.The development of bebop.C.The relationship between American music and economy.D.The differences between bebop music and swing music.
40、A.Its a kind of dance music.B.It is with steady rhythm.C.It is slow.D.Some of the rhythms it uses are irregular.A.To save money.B.To avoid the new tax.C.To be more creative.D.To attract more audiences.A.Bebop reflected the state of the American economy.B.Bebop made the performance tax imposed.C.Bebo
41、p developed because of the performance tax.D.Bebop suffered from the performance tax.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.They are tidal waves.B.They can be caused by the fall of an asteroid into the water.C.They can not be detected before they hit l
42、and.D.They are harbor waves.A.Tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes.B.Earthquakes of about magnitude 6.75 on the Richter scale will cause tsunamis.C.Nearly 90 percent of underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis.D.Not all underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis.A.The first wave is often the larges
43、t.B.The wave following large volume of water is usually not very long but very tall.C.The wave of tsunamis can spread across the sea in all directions.D.The wave of tsunamis usually travels at a lower speed at the beginning.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
44、.（分数：21.00）A.His international fame.B.His leading status in the film industry.C.His music style.D.His personality.A.New York.B.Liverpool.C.Los Angeles.D.London.A.He was a modest man.B.He was concentrated on the music.C.He was cynical about celebrity.D.His solos or little licks could be hummed by eve
45、ryone.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Alexis de Tocqueville, the French political scientist is most famous for his four-volume book, “Democracy in America“. In 1831, he came to America and after only nine months he wrote a remarkable book which is (36) as a classic. De Tocqueville had unusual powers of o
46、bservation. He described not only the (37) system of government and how it (38) , but its effect on how Americans think, feel, and act. Many scholars believe he had a deeper understanding of traditional American (39) and values than anyone else who has written about the United States. What is so rem
47、arkable is that many of these traits which he (40) nearly 200 years ago are still (41) and meaningful today. His observations are also important because the (42) of his visit was the era of the small farmer, the small businessman, and the settling of the western (43) He was a neutral observer and sa
48、w both the good and bad sides of these qualities. The first part of “Democracy in America“ was published in 1835. (44) He attempted to get a glimpse of the essence of American society, and promote his own philosophy; the equaling of the classes and the inevitable depth of aristocratic privilege. (45) This was substantially more pessimistic than the first, warning of the dangers despotism and governmental centralization. (46) （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
