1、大学六级-455 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 现在许多国家和地区纷纷颁布禁烟法令，禁止公民在餐厅、酒吧、商店、办公场所等吸烟 2. 你对禁烟令是支持还是反对，并说出理由 BShould the State Interfere with Peoples Smoking Habits?/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B Natural-gas Vehicles/BKermit the Frog once said, “Its not tha
2、t easy be in green.“ Although he wasnt referring to cars, his observation seems particularly appropriate for the auto industry today: Designing, developing and marketing “green“ cars has not been an easy task, which is why gasoline-powered vehicles still rule the road and fossil fuels still account
3、for almost 75 percent of the worlds energy consumption. As gasoline prices soar and concern over harmful emission mounts, however, cars that run on alternate fuel sources will become increasingly important. A natural-gas vehicle, or NGV, is the perfect example of such a car - its fuel-efficient, env
4、ironmentally friendly and offers a relatively low cost of ownership.BNatural Gas Basics/BThe word “gas“ is a confusing term because it is used to describe many different substances that are similar but not exactly the same. For example, the “gas“ you put in your car is gasoline, one component of cru
5、de oil, or petroleum. Petroleum is a dark, sticky liquid mixture of compounds formed underground by the decay of ancient marine animals.Natural gas also comes from the decay of ancient organisms, but it naturally takes a gaseous form instead of a liquid form. Natural gas commonly occurs in associati
6、on with crude oil. It is derived from both land plants and aquatic (水生的) organic matter and forms above or below oil deposits. It is often dissolved in crude oil at the high pressures existing in a reservoir. There are also reservoirs of natural gas, known as non-associated gas, that contain only ga
7、s and no oil.Natural gas consists primarily of methane (沼气) and other hydrocarbon gases. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen. The hydrocarbons in natural gas are called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain hydrogen and carbon bound together by
8、single bonds.Like gasoline, natural gas is combustible (易燃的), which means it can be used in a combustion engine like gasoline. But cars that could burn natural gas didnt appear on the scene until the 1930s.BFrom Field to Ford/BWe extract natural gas trapped in underground reservoirs by drilling well
9、s into the earth. A modern well. equipped with diamond-studded drill bits, can drill to depths approaching 25.000 feet.Throughout the 19th century, the use of natural gas remained localized because there was no way to transport large quantities of gas over long distances, in 1890, the invention of a
10、 leakproof pipeline coupling made it possible to transport gas miles from the source. Improvements in pipeline technology continued over the next two decades until long-distance gas transmission became practical. From 1927 to 1931, ,laborers constructed more than t0 major natural gas transmission sy
11、stems in the United States, making natural gas a viable energy source for many applications. The oil shortages of the late 1960s and early 1970s brought renewed interest in natural gas as a fuel source, especially for automobiles.Today, owners of natural-gas vehicles can fill up their cars at one of
12、 1,300 fueling stations located in the United States. Honda also offers a personal natural gas pump to people who purchase its natural-gas-powered Civic. The pump uses a homes existing natural gas lines and can be installed for $ 500 to $1500.INatural-gas Vehicle Design/INatural-gas vehicles use the
13、 same basic principles as gasoline-powered vehicles. In other words, the fuel (natural gas in this case) is mixed with air in the cylinder of a four-stroke engine and then ignited by a spark plug to move a piston (活塞) up and down. Although there are some differences between natural gas and gasoline
14、in terms of flamability and ignition temperatures, NGVs themselves operate on the same fundamental concepts as gasoline-powered vehicles.Still, some modifications are required to make an NGV work efficiently. These changes are primarily in the fuel storage tank, the engine and the chassis(底盘).BAdvan
15、tages/BThe biggest advantage of NGVs is that they reduce environmentally harmful emissions. Natural-gas vehicles can achieve up to a 93 percent reduction in carbon monoxide emissions, 33 percent reduction in emissions of various oxides of nitrogen and a 50 percent reduction in reactive hydrocarbons
16、when compared to gasoline vehicles. NGVs also rate higher in particulate matter 10 (PM10) emissions. PM10 particles transport and deposit toxic materials through the air. NGVs that operate in diesel applications can reduce PM10 emissions by a factor of 10. Natural-gas vehicles also offer these benef
17、its:NGVs are safer. The fuel storage tanks on an NGV are thicker and stronger than gasoline or diesel tanks. There has not been an NGV fuel-tank rupture in more than two years in the United States.Natural gas costs are lower than gasoline. On average, natural gas costs one-third less than gasoline a
18、t the pump.Natural gas is convenient and abundant. A well-established pipeline infrastructure exists in the United States to deliver natural gas to almost every urban area and most suburban areas. There are more than 1,300 NGV fueling stations in the United States, and more are being added every day
19、.Natural gas prices have exhibited significant stability compared to oil prices. Historically, natural gas prices have exhibited significant price stability compared to the prices of petroleumbased fuels. This stability makes it easier to plan accurately for long-term costs.NGVs have lower maintenan
20、ce costs. Because natural gas burns so cleanly, it results in less wear and tear on the engine and extends the time between tune-ups and oil changes. DisadvantagesOne of the biggest complaints about NGVs is that they arent as roomy as gasoline cars. This is because NGVs have to give up precious carg
21、o and trunk space to accommodate the fuel storage cylinders. Not only that, these cylinders can be expensive to design and build a contributing factor to the higher overall costs of a Natural-gas vehicle compared to a gasoline-powered car.Another drawback is the limited driving range of NGVs, which
22、is typically about half that of a gasoline-powered vehicle. For example, Hondas natural gas Civic, the Civic GX, can go up to 220 miles without refueling. A typical gasoline-powered Civic can go approximately 350 miles without refueling. If a dedicated NGV ran out of fuel on the road. it would have
23、to be towed to the owners home or to a local natural gas refueling station, which might be harder to find than a “regular“ gas station.Finally, it should be noted that natural gas, like gasoline, is a fossil fuel and cannot be considered a renewable resource. While natural gas reserves in the United
24、 States are still considerable, they are not inexhaustible. Some predict that there are enough natural gas reserves remaining to last another 67.1 years, assuming that the 2003 level of production continues.（分数：70.00）(1).This passage explains the basic idea of natural gas and compares the performanc
25、es of different types of NGVs.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The basic principles applied to natural-gas vehicles are quite different from those applied to gasoline-powered vehicles.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).More and more people are fond of NGVs because they help reduce deaths in car accidents to a great degree.（分数：
26、7.00）填空项 1:_(4).The price of natural gas is cheaper and more stable than that of gasoline.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Often associated with crude oil, natural gas is principally made up of_ and other hydrocarbon gases.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).NGVs arent as roomy as gasoline cars because they have to give up carg
27、o and trunk space to accommodate the_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Both natural gas and gasoline are_ and thus neither can be considered renewable.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).During the 19th century, natural gas was used on a local scale because of the difficult situation in_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Natural gas trapped
28、in underground reservoirs is extracted by_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).People resumed their interest in natural gas as a fuel as a result of _ of the late 1960s and early 1970s.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：56.00
29、）A.She is eager to be accepted by the University.B.She is waiting to see if she could get the job from Coles.C.She is expecting to see if Cole would lend her some cash.D.She has no idea about whether she can afford the university tuition.A.See the campus dentist first.B.Touch something less sweet.C.
30、Have a sound sleep right away.D.Not touch anything sweet.A.They were both busy doing their work.B.They waited for each other at different places.C.They went to the street corner at different times.D.The man went to the concert, but the woman didnt.A.She Should find a job.B.She should just stop worry
31、ing.C.She should be more realistic with her money.D.She should ask for more money from the loan office.A.He left his camera at the airport.B.He enjoyed using his new camera.C.He lost his new camera on his trip.D.He left his camera in his friends car.A.Her diet is not effective.B.She has lost much we
32、ight.C.Her favorite food is banana.D.She has neither gained nor lost weight.A.Find a quiet place to study.B.Change the conditions of his room.C.Find a more comfortable place to study.D.Avoid distractions while studying in his room.A.The election issue might need to be addressed immediately.B.Electio
33、ns may need to be postponed, since only five have agreed to run.C.They should wait for more nominations before calling a meeting.D.Put a stop to any more nominations until they have a meeting.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The designer couldnt handle
34、 the BBS.B.The BBS failed.C.The design was too bad.D.The designer was out.A.She is designing another Website.B.She couldnt do BBS.C.She has no time.D.She hasnt done any website design before.A.He will scold her.B.He wont pay her any money.C.He will tell her to do it again.D.He will pay her only part
35、 of the salaryA.By asking the Dean to pay for a professional.B.By doing it themselves.C.By merging with the Teacher Development site.D.By looking for another designer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Where they should move.B.How to negotiate with the l
36、andlord.C.How to fight the increase.D.Whether to accept an increase in rent or move.A.Stay and negotiate or move.B.Move closer to the University or near the subway.C.Fight for a small increases or accepts an in crease offer.D.There is no choice.A.It is close to the school.B.It is cheap.C.It has conv
37、enient facilities.D.The tenant agreement is good.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.One that trains the body for weight lifting.B.One that is both beneficial and inexpensive.C.One that develops the heart, lungs, and circulator
38、y systems.D.One that enables a person ready for any sudden demand made by work.A.Jogging is better than the other types of exercise.B.Heart disease is no longer an American national problem.C.Jogging can be harmful if the runner is not properly prepared.D.Warm-up suits are better than gym shorts and
39、 T-shirts for joggers.A.A comparison of jogging and other exercises.B.A discussion of jogging as a physical fitness program.C.A description of the type of clothing needed for jogging.D.Providing scientific evidence of the benefits of jogging.BQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just
40、 heard./B（分数：21.00）A.They can be used to do business with people.B.They can be used to express all kinds of feelings.C.They can be used to deliver all the messages in our life.D.They can be used to convey our most important messages to people.A.Dismayed.B.Relieved.C.Disappointed.D.Frustrated.A.It he
41、lps to avoid conflict.B.It stops any kind of argument.C.It helps people get their own way.D.It improves the business of the marriage counselors.BQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.American literature was slow to reflect the war.B.The war was hardly reflecte
42、d in American literature.C.The war was rapidly reflected in American literature.D.Hemingway was the only author to write about the war.A.He was not affected at all.B.He didnt publish stories during the Great Depression.C.It had little and indirect influence on Hemingways writing.D.He was greatly aff
43、ected and wrote some first class works dealing with it.A.A certain poet.B.Hemingway.C.John Steinbeck.D.The passage didnt mention it.A.World War I and literature.B.A history of American literature.C.The great works of Hemingway and John Steinbeck.D.The effects of World War I and the Great Depression
44、on American literature.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)BDirections:/B In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blank
45、s numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write clown the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passa
46、ge is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Can we generate the new cultural attitudes required by our technological virtuosity? History is not very reassuring here. It has taken centuries to learn how to liveU (36) /Uin the family, the tribe, the city, the state, and the n
47、ation. Each newU (37) /Uof human sensitivity and loyalty has taken generations to become firmlyU (38) /Uin the human psyche. And now we are forced into a quantum leap from the mutual suspicion andU (39) /Uthat have marked the past relations between peoples in a world in which mutual respect andU (40
48、) /Uare necessary.Even events of recent decades provide little basis forU (41) /U.Increasing physical proximity has brought no millennium in human relations. If anything, it has appeared to intensify the divisions among people rather than to create a broaderU (42) /U. Every new reduction in physical distance has made us more painfully aware of the psychic distance that divide
