1、大学六级-320 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.假设你是李芳，给好朋友 Lily写一封信。内容如下： 1. 邀请她五一放假其间来北京游玩 2. 简单介绍北京的名胜古迹 3. 希望对方回信交流意见 BA Letter to a Frien/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BOlympic Games and Spirit/BToday, the Olympic Games are the worlds largest pageant (盛典)of
2、athletic skill and competitive spirit. These two opposing elements of the Olympics are not a modern invention. The ancient Olympic Games, part of a major religious festival honoring Zeus, the chief Greek god, were the biggest event in their world. They were the scene of political rivalries between p
3、eople from different parts of the Greek world, and the site of controversies, boasts, public announcements and humiliations. In this section you can explore the context of the Olympics.BThe Greek City-states and the Religious Festival/BOne difference between the ancient and modern Olympic Games is t
4、hat the ancient games were played within the context of a religious festival. The Games were held in honor of Zeus, the king of the Greek gods, and a sacrifice of 100 oxen was made to the god on the middle day of the festival. Athletes prayed to the gods for victory, and made gifts of animals, produ
5、ce, or small cakes, in thanks for their successes.According to the legend, the altar of Zeus stood on a spot struck by a thunderbolt, which had been hurled by the god from his throne high atop Mount Olympus, where the gods assembled. Over time, the Games flourished, and Olympia became a central site
6、 for the worship of Zeus. Individuals and communities donated buildings, statues, altars and other dedications to the god. The most spectacular sight at Olympia was the gold and ivory cult (膜拜仪式)statue of Zeus enthroned, which was made by the sculptor Pheidias and placed inside the temple. The statu
7、e was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and stood over 42 feet high. A spiral staircase took visitors to an upper floor of the temple, for a better view of the statue.People who were not Greek could not compete in the Games, but Greek athletes traveled hundreds of miles, from colonies o
8、f the Greek city-states. These colonies were as far away as modern-day Spain, Italy, Libya, Egypt, the Ukraine, and Turkey. A city-state, called a polls, was a typical Greek settlement, with a fortified city and a defensible citadel at the center of a territory, which might include other villages. T
9、he polls of Attica was made up of Athens and its environs (近郊), for example, and the Acropolis was its fortress. The Greek city-states began to establish colonies from the mid-8th century on. After the 2nd century A. D., the Roman Empire brought even more competitors to the Olympic Games, but region
10、al differences always gave the Olympics an international flavor.BExcellence and the Competitive Spirit/BAncient athletes competed as individuals, not on national teams, as in the modern Games. The emphasis on individual athletic achievement through public competition was related to the Greek ideal o
11、f excellence, called arete. Aristocratic men who attained this ideal, through their outstanding words or deeds, won permanent glory and fame. Those who failed to measure up to this code feared public shame and disgrace.Not all athletes lived up to this code of excellence. Those who were discovered c
12、heating were fined, and the money was used to make bronze statues of Zeus, which were erected on the road to the stadium. The statues were inscribed with messages describing the offenses, warning others not to cheat, reminding athletes that victory was won by skill and not by money, and emphasizing
13、the Olympic spirit of piety toward the gods and fair competition.BThe Olympic Truce(休战)/BA truce (in Greek, ekecheiria, which literally means “holding of hands“) was announced before and during each of the Olympic festivals, to allow visitors to travel safely to Olympia. An inscription (题字) describi
14、ng the truce was written on a bronze discus which was displayed at Olympia. During the truce, wars were suspended, armies were prohibited from entering Elis or threatening the Games, and legal disputes and the carrying out of death penalties were forbidden.The Olympic truce was faithfully observed,
15、for the most part, although the historian Thucydides recounts that the Lacedaemonians were banned from participating in the Games, after they attacked a fortress in Lepreum, a town in Elis, during the truce. The Lacedaemonians complained that the truce had not yet been announced at the time of their
16、 attack. But the Eleans fined them two thousand minae, two for each soldier, as the law required.Another international truce was enforced during the annual Mysteries, a religious rite held at the major sanctuary site of Eleusis. The truces of Olympia and Eleusis not only allowed worshippers and athl
17、etes to travel more safely; they also provided a common basis for peace among the Greeks. Lysistrata, the title character in a comic play by Aristophanes, makes this point when she tries to convince the Athenians and the Spartans to end their war.BThe Ancient Athletes/BAthletic training was a basic,
18、 part of every Greek boys education, and any boy who excelled in sport might set his sights on competing in the Olympics. The Olympic competition included preliminary matches or heats to select the best athletes for the final competition.Ancient writers tell the stories of athletes who worked at oth
19、er jobs and did not spend all their time in training. For example, one of Alexander the Greats couriers, Philonides, who was from Chersonesus in Crete, once won the pentathlon, which included discus, javelin, long jump, and wrestling competitions as well as running. However, just as in the modern Ol
20、ympics, an ancient athlete needed mental dedication, top conditioning, and outstanding athletic ability in order to make the cut.Self-confidence was also an asset. A Libyan athlete, Eubotas, was so sure of his victory in a running event that he had his victory statue made before the Games were held.
21、 When he won, he was able to dedicate his statue on the same day.Many athletes employed professional trainers to coach them, and they adhered to training and dietary routines much like athletes today. The Greeks debated the proper training methods. Aristotle wrote that overtraining was to be avoided
22、, claiming that when boys trained too young, it actually sapped them of their strength. He believed that three years after puberty should be spent on other studies before a young man turned to athletic exertions, because physical and intellectual development could not occur at the same time.Victorio
23、us athletes were professionals in the sense that they lived off the glory of their achievement ever afterwards. Their hometowns might reward them with free meals for the rest of their lives, cash, tax breaks, honorary appointments, or leadership positions in the community. The victors were memoriali
24、zed in statues and also in victory odes, commissioned from famous poets.BCultural Achievements and the Games/BThe Olympic festival not only celebrated excellence in athletics. It also provided the occasion for Greeks to produce lasting cultural achievements in architecture, mathematics, sculpture, a
25、nd poetry.The ancient Greeks were architectural innovators. The temple of Zeus, designed by the architect Libon, was one of the largest Doric temples built in Greece. Libon tried to build the temple in an ideal system of proportions, so that the distance between the columns was harmoniously proporti
26、onal to their height, and the other architectural elements were sized proportionately as well. The Greek mathematician Euclid expressed this ideal ratio in his Elements, a book on geometry which is said to be the second most popular book of all time, after the Bible.Greek sculptors developed new pos
27、es showing energetic movement, and depicting the muscles and shapes of the body naturally. Many sculptures were of athletes, such as Myrons famous statue of the Discus Thrower (Diskobolos). We know the names of some sculptors because ancient authors, including the satirist Lucian, wrote them down.Th
28、e cultural achievement most directly tied to the Olympic games was poetry commissioned in honor of athletic victors. These poems, called Epinicians, were written by the most famous poets of the day, including Pindar, Bacchylides, and Simonides, and they were extremely popular. Proof of this is that
29、the playwright Aristophanes portrays an average, not especially literary Athenian man who asks his son to sing a particular forty-year-old Epinician poem composed by Simonides. The poem, and the athlete, live on in peoples memories long after the day of victory. The Epinician odes were written to im
30、mortalize the athletic victors, and they have lasted longer than many of the statues and inscriptions which were made for the same purpose.（分数：70.00）(1).In ancient times, Olympic games were held as a religious festival to honor the Greek gods.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).As the center site of the worship of
31、Zeus, Olympia hosted the opening ceremony for the ancient Olympic games.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The Ancient Olympic games were not international events even though the athletes traveled to compete from different parts of the world.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).In ancient Olympic games athletes were required to ea
32、rn the excellence by skill with no exception.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Olympic games in ancient times brought temporary peace to opponents and those who broke the peace would be fined as _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).In ancient times. athletes Who show excellent skills in sports could be entitled to _.（分数：7.00）填空
33、项 1:_(7).According to Aristotle, knowledge acquisitions should be prior to athletic training since both development could not happen _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).When athletes won in the Olympic games, they enjoyed various privileges for them to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The ancient Olympic games displayed ach
34、ievements in architecture, mathematics, sculpture and poetry be, sides _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Epinician odes as well as the statues and inscriptions all served the function of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：
35、56.00）A.The blue one is cheaper than the others.B.The blue one is not worth buying.C.She is going to buy the yellow and the green ones.D.She will not buy any of the skirts.A.Ask the woman for the soup.B.Call the womans mother.C.Read the soup recipe.D.Eat lunch with the woman.A.Reasons.B.Advice.C.Lea
36、ve.D.Opinions.A.In about 40 minutes.B.In about 30 minutes.C.In about 20 minutes.D.In about 10 minutes.A.What that thing is.B.How long he will have to wait.C.Where the woman has been.D.Where they are going.A.Shes tired.B.Shes generous.C.Shes rich.D.Shes intelligent.A.Betty will probably have the answ
37、er.B.Betty is the one who made the error.C.They shouldnt tell Betty about the mistake.D.They dont think Betty will take it,A.He doesnt like messy people.B.He doesnt know where their house is.C.He sees no need to clean the house.D.He can think of no worse time for their friends to come.Questions 19 t
38、o 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.How to study Italian Grammar.B.How to enlarge her Italian vocabulary.C.How to improve her speaking and listening in Italian.D.How to improve her reading skills in Italian.A.Learning to drive.B.Driving a car.C.Watching TV.D.Playing a
39、cassette recorder.A.To practice more in using the language.B.To go to live in the country where the language is spoken.C.To watch more TV programs.D.To turn to more classmates for tips on language learning.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.To play baske
40、tball with friends from work.B.To try out for the company baseball team.C.To get in shape and compete in a cycling race.D.To watch the basketball game live in a stadium.A.She is worried her husband will spend too much time away from home.B.She is afraid her husband will become a fitness freak.C.She
41、is concerned about her husbands health.D.She is afraid her husband will spend a fortune On his hobby.A.He should consume less salt.B.He should eat less fatty food.C.He should add more protein products to his diet.D.He should take in more staple food.A.It is good for improving muscle tone.B.It helps
42、him lose weight.C.It helps develop mental toughness.D.It helps strengthen the heart.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Light darkens silver salt.B.Light darkens natural salt.C.Light darkens silver.D.Light darkens se
43、lf-developing film.A.A boom period of photography.B.The official date of the peak of photography.C.The official date of the beginning of photography.D.A meaningless year of photography.A.He was remembered because he was once a brave soldier.B.He was remembered because he took many war photographs.C.
44、He was remembered because he painted great portraits.D.He was remembered because he designed a portable camera.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Pollution problems.B.Water supplies around the world.C.An industrial site in Missouri.D.Groundwater
45、 pollution.A.There is a greater demand of clean water.B.More water sources are polluted or disappearing.C.Developed countries consume too much water.D.More water is ruined and developed countries consume too much.A.Many sources of surface water have been found.B.Chemicals were found in the water.C.A
46、 growing population need more clean water in that place.D.A bomb factory will be built there.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Insects have developed some sort of resistance to man-made poisons.B.Insects have been eating plants for about 250
47、million years.C.Farmers sometimes use a combination of two or three insecticides at once.D.New insects mate with insecticide-surviving insects.A.Because farmers use less insecticides now.B.Because farmers have been using insecticides for many years.C.Because insects use the mechanisms against plants
48、 to fight insecticides.D.Because insects have been eating plants for many million years.A.Farmers should use less insecticide:B.Farmers should use a combination of two or three insecticides at once.C.Farmers should attract new insects onto the crops certain times.D.Farmers should regularly spray crops as a precaution.A.Insects are the most adaptable creatures.B.Insects would be out of control if nothing were done.C.Insects will some day devour all plants on the Earth.D.Insects have d
