1、大学六级-241 及答案解析(总分：703.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 目前大学生逃课现象很普遍 2. 分析大学生逃课的原因 3. 你对这一现象的看法 B Class Skipping in Colleges/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BObesity Epidemic/BAsk anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will say that its all down to eating too
2、much and burning too few calories. That is undoubtedly true. But its also true that we live in an “obesogenic (肥胖基因的) environment“: calorific food is plentiful and cheap and our lifestyles are increasingly sedentary.Now, obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with such explanations. They
3、believe that something else must have changed in our environment to cause such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the “big two“ - reduced physical activity and increased availability of food - are not important contributors to the epidemic. But they cannot
4、explain it all.Earlier this year a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 9 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are.BNot Enough Sleep/BIt is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat?
5、Several large epidemiological studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index (BMI) than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses Health
6、 Study found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than those who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than those who slept 7.Its well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses
7、 study suggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may cause weight gain. One factor that could be at work here is the way sleep deprivation alters metabolism (新陈代谢). Leptin, the hormone that signals satiety (过饱), falls while ghrelin, which signals hunger, rises - and this boost
8、s appetite.BClimate Control/BWe humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of whats going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energy.Theres no d
9、enying that surrounding temperatures have changed in the past few decades. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditioning rose from 23 to 47 per cent between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states - where obesity rates tend to be
10、highest - the number of houses with air con has shot up to 70 per cent from 37 per cent in 1978.Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight? Sadly, there is some evidence that it does - at least with regard to heating.BLess Smoking/BBad news: smokers
11、 really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one is sure why. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate.Katherine Flegal and colleagues at the US National C
12、enter for Health Statistics in Hyattsville, Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been responsible for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness. From data collected around 1991 by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, they worked out tha
13、t people who had quit in the previous decade were-much more likely to be overweight than smokers and people who had never smoked. Among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were Overweight compared with 37 per cent of nonsmokers and only 28 per cent of smokers.BPrenatal Effects/BYour chances of
14、 becoming fat may be set, at least in part, before you are even born. Children of obese mothers are much more likely to become obese themselves later in life. While this may be largely down to genetics, there is also evidence that some “intrauterine (子官内的) programming“ goes on.Offspring of mice fed
15、a high-fat diet during pregnancy are much more likely to become fat than the offspring of identical mice fed a normal diet. And the effect persists for two or three generations. Grandchildren of mice fed a high-fat diet grow up fat even if their own mother is fed normally - so your fate may have bee
16、n sealed even before you were conceived.BFat Equals Fecund/BHeavier people have more children. A study by Lee Ellis at Minot State University in North Dakota found “small but highly-significant correlations“ between BMI and reproductive rates. Women of normal weight or below had an average of 3.2 ch
17、ildren, while overweight or obese women had an average of 3.5 children.Does having more children make women gain weight, or does being overweight cause women to have more children? Probably both. Having lots of kids can increase the chances of getting fat - if for no other reason than poor sleep. Bu
18、t Ellis also showed that peoples BMI before they become parents is associated with the number of children they eventually have.As David Allison of the University of Alabama at Birmingham points out, obesity can. Lead to lower socioeconomic status, which in turn is associated with having more childre
19、n.So why is this relevant to the epidemic. Its because obesity is heritable - twin studies indicate its about 65 per cent genetic - so a tendency for this to be associated with having a large family will cause the proportion 9f overweight people to go up.BA Little Older ./BSome groups of people just
20、 happen to be fatter than others. Surveys carried out by the US National Center for Health Statistics found that adults aged 40 to 79 were around three times as likely to be obese as younger people. Non-white females also tend to fall at the plumper end of the spectrum: Mexican-American women are 30
21、 per cent more likely than white women to be obesity, and black women have twice the risk.In the US, these groups account for an increasing percentage of the population. Between 1970 and 2000 the chunk of the US population aged 35 to 44 grew by 43 per cent. The proportion of Hispanic-Americans also
22、grew, from under 5 per cent to 12.5 per cent of the population, while the proportion of black Americans increased from 11 to 12. 3 per cent. These demographic shifts may account in part for the increased prevalence of obesity.BMore Drugs/BIn the 1970s a new class of antipsychotic (安定药) medication ca
23、lled neuroleptics came on the market, and millions of people worldwide now take these drugs. Alongside their undoubted success in treating psychosis, they have a drawback: users typically gain 4 kilograms in the first 10 weeks, and another 4 or 5 kg in the year that follows.Neuroleptics are not the
24、only class of drugs to cause weight gain: There are many drugs which have all been associated with packing on the pounds.So have pharmaceuticals contributed to the obesity epidemic? There is no firm evidence either way, but there is no doubt that the use of all these drugs has mirrored the rise in o
25、besity over the past 30 years.BPollution/BIn daily life, people are exposed to tens of thousands of industrial chemicals: pesticides, dyes, perfumes, plastics, to name but a few. We swallow them, inhale them and absorb them through our skin.There is some evidence that low levels of some of these che
26、micals can lead to weight gain. Mice given small amounts of the pesticide, for instance, more than doubled their body fat. Hexachloro-benzene, another pesticide, caused rats to gain significantly more than controls, despite eating half as much. Studies of humans exposed to PCBs by eating fish caught
27、 in North Americas Great Lakes have found similar associations: the more the toxic load, the greater the body weight.BMature Mums/BMothers around the world are getting older. In the UK, the mean age for having a first child is 27.3, compared with 23.7 in 1970. Mean age at first birth in the US has a
28、lso increased, rising from 21.4 in 1970 to 24. 9 in 2000.Study found that the odds of a child being obese increases about 14 per cent for every five extra years of their mothers age, though why this should be so is not entirely clear.As family size decreases, firstborns account for a greater share o
29、f the population. In 1964, the British woman gave birth to an average of 2. 95 children; by 2005 that figure had fallen to 1.79. This combination of older mothers and more single children could be contributing to the obesity epidemic.（分数：70.00）(1).Bad eating habits, increased food availability, incr
30、easingly sedentary lifestyle and reduced physical activity are the first four causes of the obesity epidemic.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Less sleep can gain us weight, because it raises our leptin, which triggers us to eat more.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Air conditioning, especially heating in winter could really
31、make us gain weight.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Smokers and people who never smoke will not be overweight.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Children who have fat mothers are much more likely to become obese themselves later in life because of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Studies indicate that obesity is heritable, and the herit
32、ability is _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Black women are _ per cent more likely to be obese than Mexican-American women.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).An increasing percentage of the old population may partly increase _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Studies of humans eating fish with PCBs have found that _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).
33、Mothers getting older and _ could also account for the obesity epidemic.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：56.00）A.Only hold one party.B.Keep the party small.C.Keep the party a secret.D.Arrange the party only b
34、y they two.A.The man can come another time.B.There would be more fun without the mans roommate.C.It is no problem if the mans roommate refuses to come.D.The man can bring the roommate along and enjoy the party.A.Linda made her own guitar.B.Linda taught herself to play the piano.C.Linda taught hersel
35、f to play the guitar.D.Linda doesnt have much talent for music.A.He shouldnt have apologized.B.He will find a better way of apologizing.C.He couldnt find a right word to make an apology.D.His friend is asking for more than just an apology.A.She offered to help the man.B.She borrowed the books from t
36、he man.C.She brought the books the man asked for.D.She let the man use her books for the weekend.A.The woman likes arguing,B.The woman should get a job.C.The woman should work in a factory.D.The woman spends too much money.A.She is eager to be accepted by the university.B.She is waiting to see if sh
37、e could get the job from Coles.C.She is expecting to see if Cole would lend her some cash.D.She has no idea about whether she can afford the university tuition.A.Write Daisy a note of apology.B.Return Daisys notes in a few days.C.Apologize when Daisy is less angry.D.Let her talk to Daisy about the s
38、ituation.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.They dont get rid of flabby arms.B.They can damage arm muscles.C.They arent acceptable to most people.D.They can raise ones blood pressure.A.Exercising the entire body.B.Having your blood pressure taken daily.C
39、.Losing weight prior to exercising.D.Weighing in before each exercise session.A.Wearing arm weights while you are swimming.B.Jogging vigorously in one place for a long time.C.Using bicycles that require you to use both your arms and legs.D.Walking slowly while swinging your arms back and forth.Quest
40、ions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.5:15.B.4:45.C.5:45.D.4:15.A.He shouted at his wife.B.He just stood there.C.He crawled under the table.D.He lost consciousness.A.They just lived in the first floor.B.Their apartment building is lower than normal.C.The floor b
41、elow their apartment was totally flattened.D.The ground was heightened because of the earthquake.A.It was gone completely.B.It stayed Where it was before the earthquake.C.It moved to another place and collapsed totally.D.It kept standing there though moved.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQ
42、uestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Foreign words are best suited for announcements.B.The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new.C.Foreign words make new subjects easier to understand.D.The use of foreign words makes the media more popular.A.They trust th
43、e media.B.They respect experts.C.They are willing to learn about new things.D.They are good at learning foreign languages.A.Foreign products and experts.B.The interest of young Japanese.C.Best-selling Japanese textbooks.D.The media and government papers.A.It sells very well in Japan.B.It is supporte
44、d by the government.C.It is questioned by the old generation.D.It causes misunderstanding among the readers.BPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Make everyone work for you.B.Get everyone to help you.C.Let people know you have the final say.D.Keep
45、giving orders to everyone.A.Gleason thought his wonderful idea was accepted by the director.B.Gleason succeeded in hitting upon a wonderful idea.C.Gleason was confident about his work the next day.D.Gleason appreciated the directors way of directing films.A.Directing a FilmB.The Key to SuccessC.A Wo
46、nderful ExperienceD.Working with Film StarsBPassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.To protect beachfront property.B.To reduce the traffic on beach roads.C.To provide privacy for homeowners.D.To define property limits.A.By sending water directly bac
47、k to the sea with great force.B.By reducing wave energy.C.By reducing beach width.D.By stabilizing beachfront construction.A.Protecting roads along the shore.B.Building on beaches with seawalls.C.Adding sand to beaches with seawalls.D.Stopping building seawalls.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)People b
48、orn in the autumn live longer than those born in the spring. And they are less likely to fall U(36) /Uill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist. The scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research made such U(37) /U by using census data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia. They found that the month of birth was related to life U(38)
