1、大学六级-186 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Learning from Mistakes. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 1人的一生中难免犯错 2有的人能够在错误中学习，不断进步；有的人却不以为然，重蹈覆辙 3对此，我认为 （分数：106.50）
2、_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)（分数：35.50）A.He drank the orange juice.B.He couldn“t find the juice anywhere.C.He broke the glass of juice.D.He had no idea what happened.A.A bigger house is not as good as a new car.B.They ran out of money from buying a new car.C.They d
3、o not need a bigger house right now.D.They should sell their car to afford a bigger house.A.The man“s wife is definitely a negative person.B.She couldn“t put up with the man“s wife any longer.C.The man“s wife must have an unhappy childhood.D.The man“s wife may be influenced by her experience.A.The s
4、ales manager has short memories.B.The woman is an awkward liar.C.The woman has never met the sales manager.D.The sales manager is too busy to meet the woman.A.She witnessed an accident.B.She slept too much that day.C.She experienced an earthquake.D.She found something horrible.（分数：21.30）A.The woman
5、wants to drink something cold.B.The man wants to have a filling replaced.C.The woman is having a dental check up.D.The man suggests the woman to remove her teeth.A.Husband and wife.B.Brother and sister.C.Salesman and customer.D.Doctor and patient.A.She just saw a bird flying in the bush.B.Their team
6、 will definitely win.C.It“s too early to draw a conclusion.D.Four scores ahead is never enough to win the game.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Providing high-quality products for customers.B.Providing good services for customers.C.Doing everything you
7、 can to please and keep customers.D.Establishing dialogues with the customers.A.The relationship the company establishes with its customers.B.Legal responsibilities shared by the company and its customersC.Responding to the customers“ complaints.D.Seeking the customers“ feedback actively.A.A bridge
8、between the company and its customers.B.A way of supervising the company“s business.C.A way to deal with customers“ after-sales services.D.A way to deal with customers“ complaints and refunds.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.The history of some famous
9、 cities.B.The population in the whole world.C.The difference between Europe and USA.D.The characteristics of some large cities.A.Housing and services.B.Traffic and resources.C.Water and electricity.D.Pollution and population.A.They controlled the growth.B.They grew relatively slowly.C.They had the s
10、ame population.D.They were quite different.A.To live together with their family.B.To bring their skills to cities.C.To build a better countryside.D.To search a better condition.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：28.40)Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数
11、：28.40）A.Diet.B.Overweight.C.Lack of sleep.D.Sleeping disorder.A.The relationship between sleep and weight.B.The question of chicken or the eggs.C.The difficulty of persuading kids to lose pounds.D.The priority order between sleeping less and weighing more.A.They required some kids to do some physic
12、al examinations.B.They asked parents about their kids“ sleeping condition.C.They tried to single out the overweight child.D.They interviewed the sixth graders from entire country.A.Sleeping less leads to gain weight.B.There is a link between sleep and weight.C.Sleeping more will do harm to human bod
13、y.D.Sleep is not very important for the third graders.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just beard. （分数：21.30）A.Its reform in design.B.Its target at young people.C.Its imaginative design and inexpensive.D.Its practical design and affordability.A.It pro
14、motes its marketing strategies.B.It uses design to fight back.C.It improves its management efficiency.D.It switches to aim at the up-market.A.To make great profit.B.To boost market share.C.To distinguish from imitators.D.To enhance it popularity.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 23 to 25 are
15、based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Being too unrealistic.B.Having a clear idea of strengths.C.Being overly hard on yourself.D.Having an inaccurate self-perception.A.They find themselves brighter than expected.B.They feel regret on their rough decision.C.They still have very low se
16、lf-concepts.D.They enjoy their college life very much.A.Accepting both good and bad evaluations and ignoring them.B.Paying attention to the negative feedback and seeking out for help.C.Acknowledging your values and pointing out your shortcomings.D.Trying to figure out the unrealistic evaluations by
17、yourself.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)As long as the American land was not completely settled and the elements of 1 order were not yet imposed on the frontier, the permanent American passion for looking to the future 2 prophetic brooding (沉思) on material expansion and to great efforts to make those pr
18、ophecies 3 . But with the closing of the frontier, interest in the future took a more human form. It became the 4 of the American men and women to provide a world in which life would be easier for the next generation. Psychologically, at least, the closing of the frontier meant a closing of the 5 ,
19、since it was no longer possible to dismiss the problem of youth“s economic future with a brisk “Go West, young men, and grow up with the country“. As a result, providing a world in which young men and women could grow up in a fairly 6 country became a constant national concern. It was reflected in t
20、he increasing interest in education and in the 7 in the size of the family. If, on the other hand, the old tradition survived that everybody, no matter how wealthy his parents, worked at home and earned a little money outside, it gradually came to be slightly 8 . When the merchant“s or the lawyer“s
21、son made some extra money by delivering papers or cutting lawns, he was probably performing an act of discipline rather than a 9 economic function. The boy who was made to earn a dollar or two a week in such ways might all the while be arguing with vigor and 10 , for the right to a car of his own or
22、 to a free hand with the family car. （分数：71.00）填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated areas and arid regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriate to cartoons than real lif
23、e. But now it is being 1 quite seriously by many nations, especially since scientists have warned that the human race will 2 its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food. Glaciers are a possible 3 of fresh water that has been overlooked until recently. Three-quarters of the Earth“s fresh w
24、ater supply is still tied up in glacial ice, a reservoir of 4 fresh water so immense that it could 5 all the rivers of the world for 1,000 years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10,000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than nine
25、ty percent of them from Antarctica. Huge glaciers that 6 over the shallow continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes, rather, they are formed 7 on land, breaking off when glaciers spread over the sea. As th
26、ey drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction 8 to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of the equator in the Atlantic Ocean. To
27、 control them and 9 them to parts of the world where they are needed would not be too difficult. Even if the icebergs lost half of their volume in towing, the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced by desalinization (脱盐), or 10 salt from water. A. removing B. stretch C. der
28、iving D. entirely E. untapped F. resource. G. outgrow H. opposite I. approximately J. considered K. similar L. source M. ensured N. sustain O. steer（分数：35.50）十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Signs: the Most Useful Thing We Pay No Attention toA. Signagethe kind we see on city streets, in airports, on high
29、ways, in hospital corridorsis the most useful thing we pay no attention to. When it works well, it tells us where we are (as when an Interstate marker assures us we“re on the right highway) and it helps us to get where we want to go (as when an airport banner directs us to our gate). When it falls,
30、we miss trains, we“re late to appointments, we spend hours pacing the indistinguishable floors of underground parking garages, muttering to ourselves in mounting frustration and fury. And in some cases, especially where automobiles are involved, the consequences of bad signage can be fatal. B. Bad s
31、igns can send perfectly ordinary citizens into spirals of confusion. Take Richard Ankrom, a Los Angeles artist who thought the junction of the 110 freeway and the 5 freeway was badly marked. In 2001, he put on an outfit that looked like the ones Caltrans highway workers wore, climbed up onto a freew
32、ay gantry (信号架), and mounted an aluminum sign he“d manufactured himself according to state specifications. The sign stayed up for nine months without anyone noticing what he“d done; when the story leaked to the press and Caltrans finally realized, the agency left the sign up for eight more years. C.
33、 Or consider Leslie Gallery Dilworth, a Philadelphia architect who took a road trip with her husband through Spain in the 1980s. Throughout the journey, they“d been amazed at the simplicity of the European road signs, which were easy to use even though neither of them spoke Spanish. Upon their retur
34、n to Philly, they got lost on the way from the airport to their house, when a bad set of signs directed them to a local dump. Dilworth was so struck by her own city“s inhospitality that she spent much of the next decade working with the city and local stakeholders improving Philadelphia“s sign syste
35、ms. Today, she“s the CEO of the Society for Environmental Graphic Design, the premier American professional group for sign designers. D. Most people, when they think about it, can point to signs that have failed them: the hospital complex that felt like a labyrinth (迷宫) or the exit they always almos
36、t miss. But the truth is that signage today is far better than it“s been at any other point in history. A century ago, sign design wasn“t a profession to speak of; the signs that guided riders and pedestrians (there weren“t many drivers yet) tended to be informal. As the automobile took off, the wor
37、ld found it needed traffic engineers, and it was these men and women who were the first to think seriously about sign systems. America put national standards for road signs in place in 1935. E. But the developers of office buildings, shopping malls, and other pedestrian spaces were slow to follow su
38、it. Developers tended to assume that architects would take care of sign design, and many architects would leave it up to tenants. As a result, security guards and secretaries were often the ones to help orient the lost. F. The 1970s saw the frost stirrings of revolution in the sign world. That“s whe
39、n the SEGD was founded, and it“s when designers first began to seriously study how best to orient people and guide them through space. Their work was prompted in part by America“s great urban thinkers: people like Kevin Lynch and Jane Jacobs, who argued that spaces should be designed not to fulfill
40、the grand visions of architects but with humble human uses in mind. The field earned a name“wayfinding,“ a Lynch coinageand today, people in the business call themselves wayfinding designers and talk about places that have “good wayfinding“ or “terrible wayfinding.“ By the 1980s and “90s, wayfinding
41、 advocates were involved in more development projects, but dispatches from the era have a slightly indignant air; designers of environmental graphics still often found themselves fighting for a place at the table. During the last 10 years, however, wayfinding has come into its own. More requests for
42、 proposals for major building initiatives now require bidders to explain how they“ll handle wayfinding design. Many cities have installed wayfinding systems like the one Dilworth helped build in Philadelphia. New airports and train stations are routinely built with good navigation in mind. G. Why ha
43、s there been such growth in the field? One cause is the remarkable pace of economic development over the past halfcentury. Developed countries have been building increasingly complicated spacesshopping malls, convention centers, multi-terminal airportsthat require good navigation systems in order fo
44、r people to use them. In addition, businesses and municipalities alike have realized that well-oriented people are calmer, happier, and more likely to spend money (and plan return visits) than people who are lost. Investing in a good wayfinding system has real financial rewards. H. Another cause is
45、our increasingly globalized planet. Much of the innovation in the sign world has been spurred by airports, places where people of all nationalities and tongues must move quickly, efficiently, and safely through huge spaces. For years, designers have been developing graphical symbols to help non-nati
46、ves find the bathrooms, the baggage claims, and the currency exchange machines, and, in the process, they“ve been inventing a global language, a kind of pictorial Esperanto (世界语). I. A third cause is our society“s increasing inclusiveness. The 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act was the first piece
47、 of national legislation to authorize the accessibility of privately managed public spaces like hotels and universities. And because the law deals with visual as well as physical impairment, its accessibility guidelines require that standards of legibility be maintained in directional signs; they ev
48、olved to specify everything from the size of fonts to the contrast between lettering and its background. This development turned out to be as useful for the rest of us as it was for the legally blind. J. Finally, there“s the fact that we have all increasingly become experts of good design. Fifty yea
49、rs ago, design belonged to designers. But the advent of the personal computer introduced us all to fonts, line spacing, and page layout, and machines from the photocopier to the iPhone have left us familiar with icons both clear and confusing. Navigating the Web has made us smarter about orienting ourselves in virtual space. As a result, when we see badly designed signs, we demand better. Joe Calderone, a spokesman for the Long Island Railroad, notes that the agency is no
