1、大学六级-179 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on counterfeit goods problems. You should write at least
2、 150 words but no more than 200 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：106.50)（分数：35.50）A.Read four chapters.B.Write an article.C.Speak before the class.D.Preview two chapters.A.The woman is being interviewed by a reporter.B.The woman is applying for a job.C.The w
3、oman is asking for a promotion.D.The woman is being given an examination.A.His ear was hit by another car.B.He was hurt while playing volleyball.C.He fell down the stairs and got injured.D.He was hit by a car while crossing the street.A.He has edited three books.B.He has bought the wrong book.C.He h
4、as lost half of his money.D.He has found the chemistry book.A.No medicine could solve the woman“s problem.B.The woman should eat less to lose some weight.C.Nothing could help the woman if she ate too little.D.The woman should choose the right foods to eat.（分数：21.30）A.He thought she should make a pho
5、ne if anything went wrong.B.He thought she should just wait for someone“s help.C.He was afraid something would go wrong with her car.D.He promised to give her help himself.A.The woman is deliberately wasting his time.B.The woman should make full use of her time.C.He is eager to know the woman“s answ
6、er.D.The woman does not have to hurry.A.To find a word in the dictionary.B.To tell him the alphabet.C.To teach him written English.D.To buy a dictionary for him.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.All students pay the same amount per year.B.Students choos
7、e how many meals a week they will pay for.C.Students can get money back for meals that they don“t eat.D.Some students can get free meals at the cafeteria.A.They can invite guests to have meals at a reduced price.B.They receive cards that allow them to be served first.C.They can help decide what will
8、 be on the menu.D.They pay less per meal than those who don“t always eat there.A.By paying for meals one at a time.B.By borrowing a student“s meal card.C.By ordering their meals in advance.D.By buying a weekend meal card.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.40
9、）A.How to care for precious metals.B.A standard unit for measuring weight.C.The value of precious metals.D.Use of the metric system.A.To check the accuracy of scales.B.To calculate the density of other metals.C.To observe changes in the atmosphere.D.To measure amounts of rainfall.A.Someone spilled w
10、ater on it.B.It was not very endurable.C.It was made of low quality metal.D.The standard for measuring had changed.A.It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal.B.It is difficult to judge the value of the object.C.It is too high for such a light weight.D.It is reasonable for an object wit
11、h such an important function.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.Because many people aren“t sociable.B.Because most people are shy by nature.C.Because nobody will laugh at shy people.D.Because shyness is
12、difficult to overcome.A.By prediction.B.By recording.C.By observation.D.By examination.A.To observe people“s attitude towards strangers.B.To see how people get along with their friends.C.To test people“s behavior in social life.D.To find out how shy people are.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：28.40)Questions
13、19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.Last week.B.Three weeks ago.C.Two months ago.D.Three years ago.A.By coach.B.By bus.C.By car.D.By train.A.Get information.B.Watch a film.C.Find a bank.D.Buy some shoes.A.Go sailing.B.See the lake by bus.C.Go swimming.D.Feed the ducks.
14、七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：21.30)Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：21.30）A.He is always in a hurry.B.He is quick in making decisions.C.He is always the first to arrive at the airport.D.He usually doesn“t get the reward he deserves.A.He misses his flight.B.He can find
15、 a good seat.C.He can leave the airport first.D.His luggage comes out last.A.He was told to board the wrong plane.B.He was not allowed to board the plane.C.He arrived at the airport only to find his ticket missing.D.He found it difficult to explain why he arrived so early.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)
16、A man steps on what seems like solid ground but discovers with horror that the ground is giving way beneath his feet. The man struggles 1 , but he is mercilessly trapped. He cannot escape. Slowly he sinks deeper and deeper until at last he is gone, buried in the treacherous (骗人的，不可信的) earth. The sol
17、id ground was solid only in 2 . It was actually quicksand, which is a deep mass of fine sand 3 water. How is quicksand formed? Water pushes up from below the surface and is held by the sand. The 4 of sand are forced apart by the water. They cannot hold any weight. The subsurface water may have come
18、from a spring, a river, or a stream. Sometimes pools of water near beaches become filled with sand. When the soil under these pools does not allow for good drainage, the sand can become stretches of quicksand. Is it true that a man who steps into quicksand 5 die? No, four men have fought their way f
19、rom quicksand to firm land again. It is 6 that creates the condition that can 7 death, for the more a person struggles, the worse matters become. Quick movements will make the sand yield 8 , but then it rushes and settles solidly around the body. A man trapped in quicksand should either 9 , or not m
20、ove at all, except to stretch out his arms. When the weight of the sand his body has 10 equals his weight, he will stop sinking. With feet held still, and slow movements of arms, as in the backstroke in swimming men have managed to roll to safety and reach firm ground. （分数：71.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
21、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approximately equal number of males and females. Why should this be so? Two main kinds of answers
22、have been offered. One is 1 in terms of advantage to population. It is argued that the sex ratio will evolve so as to maximize the number of meetings between individuals of the 2 sex. The other type of answer was first put forward by Fisher in 1930. The “genetic“ argument starts from the 3 that gene
23、s can influence the relative numbers of male and female 4 produced by an individual carrying the genes. Suppose that the population consisted mostly of females, it would pay to have sons. In contrast, if the population consisted mostly of males, it would have daughters. If, however, the population c
24、onsisted of 5 numbers of males and females, sons and daughters would be equally valuable. Thus a one-to-one sex ratio is the only 6 ratio; it is an “evolutionarily stable strategy“. Although Fisher wrote this, before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory 7 the essential fea
25、ture of a gamethat the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing. More immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp (寄生蜂) species that have a large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into m
26、ales. A female can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher“s argument, it should still pay a 8 to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate i
27、mmediately and 9 , offered a remarkably reasonable analysis. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an 10 stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy. Afemale Bupdated Cstable Dincorporates Einvariably Fevolutionarily Gassumption Hequal Ipredecessor Joffsp
28、ring Kdisperse Lcouched Mmale Nopposite Ohomogeneous（分数：35.50）十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Does the World Face a Future of Water Wars?AThroughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, national sovereignty and religious expression. How much more intense will these conflicts
29、be when people fight over the Earth“s most indispensable resourcewater? We may find out in the not-too-distant future if projections about the availability of water in the Middle East and other regions prove correct. BLess than three percent of the planet“s stock is freshwater, and almost two-thirds
30、 of this amount is trapped in ice caps, glaciers, and underground aquifers (含水层) too deep or too remote to access. In her book, Pillars of SandCan the Irrigation Miracle Last? Sandra Postel outlines three forces that drive tension and conflict over freshwater: CUsing up the water “resource pie“. In
31、India, the world“s second-most-populous nation, with over 1 billion inhabitants, the rate of groundwater withdrawal is twice that of recharge, a deficit higher than in any other country. DAlthough water is a renewable resource, it is not an expanding one. The freshwater available today for more than
32、 6 billion people is no greater than it was 2,000 years ago, when global population was approximately 200 million. (The current U.S. population is 287 million.) EGlobal agriculture accounts for about 70% of all freshwater use. In five of the world“s most water-stressed, contentious areasthe Aral Sea
33、 region, the Ganges, the Jordan, the Nile and the Tigris-Euphratespopulation increases of up to 75% are projected by 2025. With the fastest rate of growth in the world, the population of the Palestinian territory will more than double over the next generation. FMost experts agree that, because of ge
34、ography, population pressures and politics, water wars are most likely to erupt in the Middle East, a region where the amount of available freshwater per capita will decrease by about 50% over the next generation. Canadian writer Marq de Villiers notes that “it is now widely accepted that the 1967 A
35、rab-Israeli War had its roots in water politics as much as it did in national territorialism.“ Speaking in 1996 of regional and global tensions arising from environmental damage, the U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher stated that “nowhere is this more evident than in the valleys of the Middl
36、e East, where the struggle for water has a direct impact on security and stability.“ GPostel estimates that the almost 2.4 billion world population increase projected over the next 35 years will require the water equivalent of 20 Nile Rivers or 97 Colorado Rivers. These astonishing numbers begin to
37、make sense upon consideration that the production of one ton each of grain and rice require approximately 1,000 and 3,000 tons of water, respectively. It is hardly surprising that, of the 34 countries classified as “water-stressed,“ 32 are net grain importers. HIn his award-winning book, Environment
38、, Scarcity, and Violence , Thomas Homer-Dixon states that water is the resource most likely to trigger interstate warfare, a sentiment echoed by Jacques Leslie: “Oil belongs to whoever owns the land above it; water complicates ownership.“ IAlmost 40% of the world“s population resides in the 214 rive
39、r basins that flow through two or more countries. All but three percent of Egypt“s freshwater comes from the Nile, a river that originates in Ethiopia and makes its way through Sudan before reaching the ancient land of the pharaohs. To date, only the poverty in Ethiopia and Sudan has prevented a wat
40、er war. What will happen when these two nations commence water-intensive drives toward modernization as well as strive to satisfy the thirst of a projected 139 million more people (the equivalent of four Californias) by mid century? Canadian water and security analyst Steve Lonegran of British Colum
41、bia“s Victoria University has stated. “I don“t doubt that if Ethiopia starts building water projects that restrict the flow of the Nile, Egypt will bomb them.“ JDe Villiers reminds us that two-thirds of Israel“s water comes from the Golan Heights and the West Bank, territories it gained via military
42、 conquest. Noting the restrictions imposed on groundwater withdrawals from the West Bank by Israel, Homer-Dixon states: “These restrictions have been far more severe for Palestinians than for Israeli settlers. They have contributed to the rapid decline in Palestinian agriculture in the region, to th
43、e dependence of Palestinians on day laborers within Israel, and, ultimately, to rising frustrations in the Palestinian community.“ While numerous political, economic, and ideological factors also must be taken into account, he concludes that “water scarcity“ has been a factor in at least one uprisin
44、g in the West Bank and Gaza territories. KAs citizens of an advanced industrial society, we tend to look for a technological “fix“ to problems, and the escalating (逐步增长的) freshwater shortfall is no exception. Cleansing seawater of its salt and mineral content would provide a never-ending supply of p
45、otable water. The basic desalinization (脱盐) process, as de Villiers notes, is simple high school chemistry: Water is heated, evaporated to remove salt and other dissolved minerals, and then cooled back to water. However, this distillation method is full of difficulties. Approximately 60% of the 11,0
46、00 desalinization plants that collectively account for less than one percent of the world“s freshwater needs are in the Middle East, where fuel is affordable and abundant. Even if the cost and availability of fuel were not problematic, adding plenty of additional greenhouse gases to the atmosphere w
47、ould make global warming even worse and increase the evaporation of groundwater. Reverse osmosis-pumping sea water at high pressure through a series of membranes (薄膜) that trap salt and other mineralsis less energy-intensive than distillation, but removes almost everything from seawater, leaving the
48、 remaining freshwater susceptible to “fouling“. LThe problem as well is how purified water can be cost-effectively transported hundreds of miles inland to agriculture regions. How will desalinization help poor and land-locked Mall, Niger and Chad? The management and costs of desalinization indicate
49、that this process will supply no more than a fraction of humanity“s freshwater needs in the coming years. MThe United Nations estimates that there are currently more “water refugees“ than war refugees, and all indications are that the destabilizing consequences of the water-driven migration of people
