1、大学六级-1596 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.住学生宿舍的弊端；2. 住学生宿舍的益处；3. 我对住学生宿舍的看法。The Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in College Dormitories_（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)How Marketers Target KidsKids represent an important demographic to marketers bec
2、ause they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents buying decisions and they are the adult consumers of the future. Industry spending on advertising to children has exploded in the past decade, increasing from a mere $100 million in 1990 to more than $2 billion in 2000.Parents t
3、oday are willing to buy more for their kids because trends such as smaller family size, dual incomes and postponing children until later in life mean that families have more disposable income. As well, guilt can play a role in spending decisions as time-stressed parents substitute material goods for
4、 time spent with their kids.Here are some of the strategies marketers employ to target kids: Pester(纠缠) PowerTodays kids have more autonomy and decision-making power within the family than in previous generations, so it follows that kids are vocal about what they want their parents to buy. “Pester p
5、ower“ refers to childrens ability to nag their parents into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy. Marketing to children is all about creating pester power, because advertisers know what a powerful force it can be.According to the 2001 marketing industry book Kidfluence, pestering or nagging c
6、an be divided into two categufies-“persistence“ and “importance“. Persistence nagging (a plea, that is repeated over and over again) is not as effective as the more sophisticated “importance nagging“. This latter method appeals to parents desire to provide the best for their children, and plays on a
7、ny guilt they may have about not having enough time for their kids. The Marriage of Psychology and MarketingTo effectively market to children, advertisers need to know what makes kids tick. With the help of well-paid researchers and psychologists, advertisers now have access to in-depth knowledge ab
8、out childrens developmental, emotional and social needs at different ages. Using research that analyzes childrens behaviour, fantasy lives, art work, even their dreams, companies are able to craft sophisticated marketing strategies to reach young people.The issue of using child psychologists to help
9、 marketers target kids gained widespread public attention in 1999, when a group of U.S. mental health professionals issued a public letter to the American Psychological Association (APA) urging them to declare the practice unethical. The APA is currently studying the issue.Building Brand Name Loyalt
10、yCanadian author Naomi Klein tracks the birth of “brand“ marketing in her 2000 book No Logo. According to Klein, the mid-1980s saw the birth of a new kind of corporation-Nike, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, to name a few-which changed their primary corporate focus from producing products to creating
11、an image for their brand name. By moving their manufacturing operations to countries with cheap labour, they freed up money to create their powerful marketing messages. It has been a tremendously profitable formula, and has led to the creation of some of the most wealthy and powerful multi-national
12、corporations the world has seen.Marketers plant the seeds of brand recognition in very young children, in the hopes that the seeds will grow into lifetime relationships. According to the Center for a New American Dream, babies as young as six months of age can form mental images of corporate logos a
13、nd mascots. Brand loyalties can be established as early as age two, and by the time children head off to school most can recognize hundreds of brand logos. While fast food, toy and clothing companies have been cultivating brand recognition in children for years, adult-oriented businesses such as ban
14、ks and automakers are now getting in on the act. Buzz or Street MarketingThe challenge for marketers is to cut through the intense advertising clutter (杂乱) in young peoples lives. Many companies are using “buzz marketing“ -a new twist on the tried-and-true “word of mouth“ method. The idea is to find
15、 the coolest kids in a community and have them use or wear your product in order to create a buzz around it. Buzz, or “street marketing“, as its also called, can help a company to successfully connect with the elusive(难找的) teen market by using trendsetters to give them products “cool“ status.Buzz ma
16、rketing is particularly well-suited to the Internet, where young “Net promoters“ use chat rooms and blogs to spread the word about music, clothes and other products among unsuspecting users. Commercialization in EducationSchool used to be a place where children were protected from the advertising an
17、d consumer messages that permeated their world-but not anymore. Budget shortfalls (亏空，差额) are forcing school boards to allow corporations access to students in exchange for badly needed cash, computers and educational materials.Corporations realize the power of the school environment for promoting t
18、heir name and products. A school setting delivers a captive youth audience and implies the endorsement of teachers and the educational system. Marketers are eagerly exploiting this medium in a number of ways, including:Sponsored educational materials.Supplying schools with technology in exchange for
19、 high company visibility.Advertising posted in classrooms, school buses, on computers in exchange for funds.Contests and incentive programs: for example, the Pizza Hut reading incentives program in which children receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal.Sponsoring s
20、chool events.The InternetThe Internct is an extremely desirable medium for marketers wanting to target children. Its part of youth culture. This generation of young people is growing up with the Intcrnet as a daily and routine part of their lives. Kids are often online alone, without parental superv
21、ision.Unlike broadcasting media, which have codes regarding advertising to kids, the Internct is unregulated. Sophisticated technologies make it easy to collect information from young people for marketing research, and to target individual children with personalized advertising.Marketing Adult Enter
22、tainment to KidsChildren are often aware of and want to see entertainment meant for older audiences because it is actively marketed to them. In a report released in 2000, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) revealed how the movie, music and video games industries routinely market violent enterta
23、inment to young children.The FTC studied 44 films rated “Restricted“, and discovered that 80 per cent were targeted to children under 17. Marketing plans included TV commercials run during hours when young viewers were most likely to be watching. The FTC report also highlighted the fact that toys ba
24、sed on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children. Mature rated video games are advertised in youth magazines; and toys based on “Restricted“ movies and M-rated video games are marketed to children as young as four.（分数：70.00）(1).Guilt can play a role in parents spendin
25、g decisions because _A. they dont earn as much money as before B. they dont have enough time for their kids C. they postpone children until later in lifeD. they think time is more precious than money（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Kidfluence, persistence nagging is_A. as effective as importance na
26、gging B. more effective than importance nagging C. more sophisticated than importance naggingD. less effective than importance nagging（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A group of U.S. mental health professionals think that _A. it is unethical to use child psychologists to help marketers target kidsB. it is wise
27、for marketers to use knowledge about childrens psychology for marketingC. childrens behavior, fantasy lives, and even their dreams should be analyzedD. APA should punish marketers for the marriage of psychology and marketing（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the Center for a New American Dream. brand
28、 loyalties can be established as early as _A. six months of age B. eighteen months of age C. age twoD. age three（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Buzz marketing is well-suited to the Interact because _A. the Intemet is an unregulated mediumB. the interactive environment can spread messages effectivelyC. kids can
29、 get access to up-dated information from the IntemetD. kids are always online without parental supervision（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).School boards allow corporations access to students because _A. they take bribes from the corporationsB. they need money and educational materialsC. the corporations help to
30、 increase reputation of the schoolsD. the corporations are concerned about education（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to the Pizza Hut reading incentives program, children receive certificates tbr free pizza if they_A. achieve a monthly reading goalB. like reading books at the Pizza HutC. win the readi
31、ng contest organized by the Pizza HutD. eat out fiequently at the Pizza Hut（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).For this generation of young people, the Internet is a _ part of their lives.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to a report released by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the movie, music and video games indus
32、tries routinely market _ to young children.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The FTC report also highlighted the fact that toys based on _ are often marketed to young children.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. The woman should have studied French in Paris.B. Th
33、e woman didnt study French in high school.C. Living in Paris helped improve the womans language skills.D. The woman must have had a good French teacher.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Phone the Triumph for a reservation. B. Ask her parents to come at a different weekend.C. Call local hotels again in a few d
34、ays.D. Find a hotel again in a few days.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He decided not to sell the piano.B. Hes looking for a place to store the piano.C. No one has bought the piano.D. He hasnt been able to find an inexpensive piano yet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. It took two months to finish the hotel building
35、.B. He was too busy to notice the opening of the hotel.C. He did not know the hotel had a restaurant.D. He would like to meet the woman for brunch next Sunday（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. She has decided not to go to Florida. B. Her plans arent definite. C. Her friend just returned from Florida.D. She pre
36、fers to travel without her friend.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Leave the package for him to mail later. B. Find another person to send the package. C. Proofread the report for him.D. Finish the report before Wednesdays meeting.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Form a new committee. B. Join her committee. C. Work o
37、ut the details for the conference.D. Schedule a committee meeting.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He is looking for a better employment on the West Coast.B. Hes looking forward to working on the West Coast.C. He hopes to keep working where he now lives.D. He expects his company to move to the West Coast.（分数
38、：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. In a factory. B. On a cattle farm. C. In a department store.D. At a restaurant.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To entertain the workers.B. To improve the relationship between the employer and employees.C. To
39、keep the workers calm and relaxed.D. To increase production.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Background music was originally played live during World War II.B. People might get fed up with hearing background music all day long.C. People in Los Angeles love selling background music.D. Background music is only
40、 played in public places.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Economics. B. Business and Marketing. C. Business Writing.D. Marketing Skills.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Business Writing and Social English. B. Writing and Social English. C.
41、 Projects and Academic Writing.D. Writing, Study Skills and Social English.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Every morning and afternoon. B. Every afternoon except Wednesday. C. Five mornings and four afternoons.D. Everyday of the week.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Social English. B. Study Skills. C. Business Engli
42、sh.D. Academic Writing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Automobile safety. B. Increasing fuel efficiency. C. Califomias pollution laws.D. Electric-powered cars.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They are cheaper. B. The
43、y dont pollute as much. C. They are simpler to drive.D. They are faster.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Its not comfortable. B. It is difficult to steer. C. It cant go long distances without recharging.D. Its engine easily overheats.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you
44、 have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Three. B. Two. C. Five.D. Four.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Talk to other people who rent apartments in the same building.B. Make sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors.C. Check the water and electricity to see if they are working properly.D. Walk around
45、the apartment building for dangerous signs.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Deposit some money in a bank. B. Read the lease carefully and sign it. C. Ask the landlord for a damage deposit.D. Sign the contract and pay a security deposit.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage
46、 you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. When they are three years old. B. Before the age of six. C. After they are six years old.D. Between three and six years old.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They are much wiser than the left-handed persons.B. They are as clever as the left-handed persons.C. They are not
47、as creative as lefties.D. They are more athletic.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Computer. B. Calculation. C. Architecture.D. Literature.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Because they have a quicker response.B. Because they are usually more strongly built.C. Because they seem to be men of greater endurance.D. Because
48、 they have a better sense of space.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Belgium has three main (36) regions: the coastal plain, the central plateau and the highlands. The coastal plain extends (37) 16 to 48 kilometers on the northwest. Along the north sea is a low-lying area (38) mainly of sa
49、ndy hills and sections of land (39) from the sea. The coastal plains elevation ranges from sea level to 20 meters.The central plateau is a (40) rolling, slightly elevated area, (41) by many water-ways and containing a number of wide, (42) valleys with a rich soil. The highlands, a densely-wooded plateau, (43) 460 meters in elevation, extend across southeaster
