1、大学六级-1569 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Problems about Reducing Students Heavy Burden. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.目前学生负担过重的现状；2.导致学生负担过重的原因；
2、3.减轻学生负担过重的措施。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Pollution: A Life and Death IssueOne of the main themes of planet under pressure is the way many of the Earths environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious examplewe do not have the option of growing food, or findin
3、g enough water, on a squeaky-clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess in the first place. Living in a way that is les
4、s damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors th
5、rough using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal(痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water.Soil: contaminat
6、ed land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slur
7、ry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.Chronic ProblemChemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to
8、mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 7%20% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body, especially in the young, says we may “be conducting a large-scale experiment with childre
9、ns health“.Some man-made chemicals, endocrine(内分泌) disruptors like phthalates(酞酸盐) and nonylphenola breakdown product of spermicides(杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents are blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bearsso not even the Arctic is immune. A
10、nd the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1 500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30000 are thought never to have been comprehensively tested for their possible risks to people.At first glance, the plastic buckets
11、stacked in the comer of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor communitys fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local vo
12、lunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plants.In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on a
13、ir pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick.Trade-offBut the snag is that modem society demands many o
14、f them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs to be made.The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but ca
15、n also be effective against malaria(疟疾). Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.Another complica
16、tion in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate changethe c
17、ountries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.For One and AllOne of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simplethe polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just
18、 who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer.Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding ou
19、r waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, “theres no such place as away, and theres no such person as the other. “Irr
20、itating AirDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durbans Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U. S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffer
21、ed from asthma (哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school po
22、pulation.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular pl
23、ant.Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engens stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. “We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in the constitu
24、tion, “ he said.Legislative ChangeA new batch(批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislation with tighter controls and tougher sanctions.Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental
25、 affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. “I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long overdue, “ he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.The local authorities have also establ
26、ished a “Multi-Point Plan“ for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.（分数：49.00）(1).According to World Health Organization, how many people are killed by outdoor air pollution?A. 3 million. B. 2.1 mi
27、llion. C. 1.6 million. D. 3.2 million.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Land can be polluted by _ from agriculture.A. heavy metals B. pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizersC. slurry from livestock D. rubbish（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What kind of animal affected by man-made chemicals is not referred to in the passage
28、?A. Polar bears. B. Mammals. C. People. D. Birds.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do local residents claim for?A. They are sick because of years of pollution.B. They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps.C. They are sick because of pesticides from agriculture.D. They are sick because of air pol
29、lution.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The pesticide DDT can be effective against _.A. malaria B. wildlife C. animals D. human nervous system（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).There is a U. N. convention that can cover _.A. problems between neighbors B. problems between states which do not share a borderC. problems on air p
30、ollution D. trans-boundary air pollution（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves?A. Throw less away. B. Design recycled products.C. Dont use it again. D. Last longer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.It found that increases in air pollution tended to 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.Acco
31、rding to Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said ther
32、e were measures in place to 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. The woman cannot take part in the competition. B. The womans hard work wont be in vain.C. The woman shouldnt waste her time. D. The woman should prepare for it again.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(
33、2).A. The woman has a very tight budget. B. He does not think the fur coat is worth buying.C. Hes willing to buy the woman the fur coat. D. The woman is poor at balancing the payments.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It is based on a lot of research. B. It can be finished in a few weeks time.C. It has drawn
34、criticism from lots of people. D. It falls short of her supervisors expectations.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Karen is very forgetful. B. He knows Karen better now.C. Karen is sure to pass the interview. D. Something is wrong with Karens ears.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. The man will go into business after hi
35、gh school.B. The woman is not happy with the mans decision.C. The man wants to be a business manager.D. The woman is working in a kindergarten.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. It stays closed until summer comes. B. It will get business season in summer.C. It is busy all the year round. D. It provides quality
36、 service to their customers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Dicks trousers dont match his jacket. B. Dick looks funny in that yellow jacket.C. The color of Dicks jacket is too dark. D. Dick has bad taste in clothes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Call the police station. B. Get the wallet for the man.C. Show the ma
37、n her family pictures. D. Ask to see the mans drivers license.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. She left her adopting family. B. She wrote to her birth mother.C. She looked for birth family members. D. She applied to work in an ado
38、ption agency.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The policy said that twins must be adopted separately.B. The adopting family only wanted to accept one child.C. Their birth mother asked for separate adoption.D. Some researchers were studying on them.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Foster families of adopted children. B
39、. Only the woman and her twin sister.C. Several twins in adoption agency. D. Adopted childrens birth parents.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. He doesnt think they are beautiful. B. He suggests the woman to wear them in office.C. H
40、e thinks they are only for rich people. D. He doesnt think they are welcomed in market.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To compete with other designers. B. To advocate self-identity.C. To sell their clothes. D. To show off their own tastes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He doesnt agree with the woman. B. He cant un
41、derstand the woman.C. He thinks the womans words are reasonable. D. He is angry with the womans words.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Wait for another fashion show. B. Go back home with her husband.C. Go to clothes departments. D. Buy some fashion clothes on the show.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70
42、.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are bused on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. The bacteria from foreign places. B. Your hands own resident bacteria.C. Harmless skin residents on your hands. D. All the bacteria on your hands.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because they prevent the bacteria
43、from overgenerating.B. Because they can keep your hands clean.C. Because they let other bacteria move in.D. Because they can help cure some disease.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Skin residents will be removed. B. Skin residents will go beneath the skin.C. Resident bacteria will be killed. D. Other bacteri
44、a will move in.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. We shouldnt use anti-bacterial soap any more.B. We must wash our hands reasonably and scientifically.C. We should wash our hands less than before.D. We should wash our hands as much as possible.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the pas
45、sage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Your folk. B. Polite drivers. C. Traffic jams. D. Pains in head.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They are not a large group. B. They are so small.C. They follow a simple procedure. D. They are polite to one another.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. People dont like ants very m
46、uch.B. There are more people than ants.C. The traffic situation is more terrible in peoples life.D. People cant follow a behavioral rule like ants.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. The funny center starts to work. B. Two pa
47、rts in the left hemispheres light up.C. The “ha-ha“ response is made. D. The jokes are remembered.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Two brain regions start to work.B. One brain region is associated with emotion.C. One brain region is associated with memory formation.D. Every plot detail is remembered by the b
48、rain.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because there is a funny center in the brain.B. Because it is funny enough to make us laugh.C. Because many regions in the brain are associated.D. Because one region associated with emotion becomes active.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)John Wooden died last
49、Friday at the age of ninety-nine. He was one of the greatest twentieth-century Americans in sports. He was an (36) college basketball player. He led Purdue University to a national (37) in 1932. After college he was a high school (38) He also taught English for nine years. But where he really made his (39) was at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was head coach of mens basketbal
