1、大学六级-1565 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.人类正面临着能源短缺的严峻现实2能源短缺的影响3我们应该如何做On Energy Crisis（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Different Engine: Rewiring the BrainIts a question thats bothered cultural critics for decades:while we know more than ever, are we
2、 getting dumber as a result of the increasing amount of technology at our disposal? Reading historical debates, and hearing of the attention paid to them by a thoughtful person, certainly makes one wonder. Speaking in the 1820s of the mechanical Difference Engine he had devised for computing polynom
3、ial functions, Charles Babbage, the father of the programmable computer and our web-logs namesake, told the House of Commons:On two occasions I have been asked by Members of Parliament, “Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?“ I am not able rig
4、htly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question.Sharp-tongued eloquence-in Latin and Greek as well as their mother tongue-was common fare among Georgians and Victorians lucky enough to have had at least a dozen years of schooling. One wonders how the founders of F
5、acebook, Twitter or YouTube might respond to similarly stale queries tossed at them during congressional testimony.The current debate about intelligence, sparked by Nicholas Carrs recent and eminently readable “The Shallows“, asks what is the Internet doing to our brains? Like Susan Jacobys “The Age
6、 of American Unreason“ and Adam Winers “How Dumb Are You?“ earlier in the decade, Mr. Carr tap into the sense of despair among American intellectuals about the countrys poor educational showing when compared with other countries.In reading, mathematics and science, American 15-year-olds languish in
7、the lower half of the OECD rankings for the 30 wealthiest countries. Other English-speaking nations such as Canada, New Zealand, Australia and even Britain are all in the upper quartile (四分之一). South Korea and Japan are in the top decile(十分之一).Such indisputable facts are rightly a concern for policy
8、-makers and parents throughout the United States. But the reasons for the crushing failure of American education-especially at middle-and high- school levels-are well understood, and the corrective measures widely accepted. Implementing them. however, remains as politically tricky as ever.But it is
9、not just the disappointment of seeing a nations youth so poorly served. Even more so, an unspoken nostalgic mood for an age when book-learning was the noblest of pursuits has animated the debate about the dumbing down of America. Tellingly, the most tart critics are always middle-aged or older.Among
10、 other things, Ms Jacoby blames a rising tide of anti-intellectualism. She notes that the reading of books, newspapers and magazines has declined across the board. The proportion of 17-year olds who read nothing whatsoever (unless required to do so for school)more than doubled between 1984 and 2004-
11、a period that oversaw the rise of personal computers, the Internet and video games. She sighs that the way electronic media, with their demand for spectacle and conciseness, have shortened our attention spans. Sound bites by presidential candidates, she points out, dropped from 42 seconds in 1968 to
12、 less than eight seconds by 2000.But things are rarely as they seem. For one thing, e-books barely existed a decade ago, but have exploded in popularity since Amazon introduced its Kindle a few short years back, and a host of rivals rushed in with copycat versions. For many readers, the ability to i
13、nteract with e-books digitally- searching them automatically, inserting digital bookmarks, zooming in on the small type-has renderec hardcovers and paperbacks outdated. So much so, e-books are now outselling hardcovers. Perhaps we are witnessing not a decline in book reading but a renaissance. The i
14、rony is that had computers been invented before books, we would now be wringing our hands over the loss of multi-media, multi. tasking, computer-gaming skills as our children wasted their time by burying their noses in single-topic paper books.To the specific question that Mr. Carr asks about what t
15、he Internet is doing to our brains, the simple answer is that it is making us think and behave differently. Of that, there is no doubt. But that does not mean we are getting dumber in the process. What makes people intelligent is their ability to learn and reason-in short, to adapt and thrive within
16、 their environment. That fundamental capacity has not changed in thousands of years, and is unlikely to do so because some new technology come, along, whether television, mobile phones or the Internet.Adaptation to ones changing surroundings is a different matter. Every new medium introduced since t
17、he invention of the printing press has molded our minds in different ways. It would be alarming it it didnt. Today, confronted with the popularity of the Internet, we need a whole new set of skills to navigate the information-loaded environment we inhabit. In other words, each new set of skills we l
18、earn and memories we create builds on our existing mental capacities without changing them in any fundamental way.Still, the Jeremiahs have a point. Their concern is that prolonged use of the Internet-with its, buffet of mouthwatering delicacies of information-is producing a generation of magpie min
19、ds, as user, hop from one small bright ornament to another, rarely focusing long enough on any one topic to comprehend it thoroughly. According to this view of the brain, the lack of “deep thinking“ lies at the heart of the present generations inability to sweat the hard stuff.The problem, says Mr.
20、Carr, is that most of us with access to the web spend at least a couple of hours a day online-and sometimes much more. During that time, we tend to repeat the same or similar actions over and over again. As we go through these motions, the net delivers a steady stream of inputs to our visual, somato
21、sensory (体觉的) and auditory cortices (皮层). There is evidence, the author affirms, that the Internet is damaging peoples long-term memory consolidation that he singles out as the true basis of intelligence.As reasonable as it may sound, such an explanation is markedly different from anything your corr
22、espondent has experienced. Perhaps thats because he, like so many other computer users, spends far less time online than social critics imagine. According to Nielsen, a media research company, Americans with access to the Internet devote around 26 hours a month to online activity-in other words, jus
23、t 5% of their waking hours. Even then, half that time is taken up with proactive, even creative, activities-social networking, playing games, e-mailing, and instant messaging. Pecking at the despised low-hanging fruit found on Google and other search engines accounts for a tiny 3.5% of the average u
24、sers online time.（分数：70.00）(1).What is Charles Babbages attitude towards the question whether we can get the right answers if we put the wrong figures into the machine?A. He felt it was tricky.B. He felt it was absurd.C. He felt it was inevitable.D. He felt it was ,reasonable.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Wh
25、ats the similarity among “The Shallows“, “The Age of American Unreason“ and “How Dumb Are You?“?A. They tapped into American peoples sense of despair about intellectuals.B. They showed that America does better in education than other countries.C. They dug into the desperate feeling of American intel
26、lectuals on education.D. They showed that intellectuals were not satisfied with American policies.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Among the students from English speaking countries, those who do better in reading, mathematics and science are students from_.A. South Korea B. America C. New Zealand D. Japan（分数：7
27、.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the author say about the failure of American education?A. Policy-makers and parents in America are still skeptical of it.B. It is still politically difficult to conduct corrective measures.C. Policy-makers have taken corrective steps to improve it.D. People have widely acce
28、pted and taken corrective measures.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to Ms Jacoby, why did the time of sound bites by presidential candidates drop sharply from 1968 to 2000?A. They want to save more time.B. They want to be more concise. C. Peoples attention span is shorter.D. Peoples demand becomes hig
29、her.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).In the view of the author, what is the effect of the Internet to our brains?A. The Internet is making people thickheaded.B. The Internet is making people intelligent.C. People have become alienated from others.D. People have become eccentric in behavior.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).
30、According to Jeremiahs, the present generation has no ability to do hard work becauseA. they are deficient in deep thinking B. they are short of industrious spiritC. they are empty of related experiencesD. they are reluctant to bear hardships（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).According to the author, every new me
31、dium has shaped our minds differently since the invention of_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Mr. Carr thinks that the true basis of intelligence is peoples_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Although what Mr. Carr said may sound reasonable, there are obvious differences between such an explanation and the experiences of_.（
32、分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Hed like to apply for a replacement card.B. He needed to see a doctor two weeks ago.C. Hes pleased that the woman found the card.D. Hes glad he was finally able to get an appointment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Let his
33、boss know that he plans to quit.B. Ask his boss to give him more time off.C. Recommend the woman for a promotion.D. Reconsider his decision about his job.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The book had been misplaced on the shelf.B. He can probably get a copy of the book for the woman.C. He will call the wareh
34、ouse to see if the book is available.D. The woman should check to see if other bookstores have the book.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He doesnt want the woman to fill out the survey form.B. He just got the results of the survey.C. He wants to make the dorm a better place for students.D. He hadnt heard abo
35、ut the survey.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Start her papers before she talks to her professors.B. Try to finish one of the papers this week.C. Talk to her professors soon to ask for more time.D. Ask her professors to help her choose topics for her papers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Invite his family to go to
36、 Alaska with him.B. Get advice on how to organize the trip.C. Make a flight reservation as soon as possible.D. Borrow money from his family.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The woman should wear his scarf to the game.B. It will be cold at the game. C. The woman should borrow another sweater.D. HeI1 go home a
37、nd get another scarf.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Stay in bed until he feels better.B. Go to see a doctor. C. Take less medicine.D. Take a walk to the drugstore.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Less air-conditioning. B. Fewer office staff. C. More lighting.D. Less heating.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Sell some of the
38、office rooms.B. Rent out some of the office space.C. Build a completely new building.D. Get some of the staff to work at home.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. By making employees more motivated.B. By conducting a remote supervision.C. By raising employees incomeD. By reducing the cost of renting office space
39、.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Promote goods.B. Design products.C. Study consumers.D. Deceive customers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. People focus more on price rather than quality.B. People check their budget when they purchase.C. People like to bargain when they buy things.D. People tend to walk to the right
40、after entering a shop.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Women prefer not to use shopping lists.B. Women are more efficient in bargaining.C. Men plan more than women.D. Men make quicker decisions than women.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Attract people to touch and purchase them.B. Select and distinguish different cl
41、othes.C. Show off their new style of clothes.D. Save room for the arrival of new clothes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)(1).A. Simplicity and authenticity.B. Luxury and elegance. C. Authenticity and elegance.D. Simplicity and practicality.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. American culture. B. Bri
42、tish culture.C. Mediterranean culture.D. Japanese culture.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It reflects the traditional rural values.B. It reflects the modern city values.C. It represents the culture of Spain.D. It represents the culture of his family.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Unpredictable. B. Depressed. C. Br
43、illiant. D. Tough.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. There are no explicit terms that can be used.B. People dont like everything to be clear. C. They can provoke rich imagination.D. They prevent us from asking too many questions.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. By making friends with us.B. By changing psychological sen
44、se.C. By doing things for our families.D. By sending gifts to us.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Exaggeration.B. Emotional appeal.C. Charming celebrities.D. Repetition.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. B2C. B. C2C. C. B2B. D. C2B.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Large decrease in costs and time of process.B. Repaid expansion
45、in business and better conditions.C. Great efficiency in manufacture and more profits.D. Timely distributing and quicker feedback.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Efficient in working.B. Efficient in e-commerce. C. Active in promotion.D. Active in e-commerce.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)What i
46、s Japanese style in decision making? How does it differ from the US style decision making? When (36) business decisions, Japanese businesses do not depend only on the opinions of a few at the top of the company; rather, (37) is placed on the opinion of everyone, at all levels. In the United States b
47、usiness people are skilled at handling strong (38) in meetings. The Japanese, on the other hand, are adroit at (39) such confrontations. The Japanese business person tries to create a situation in which all people present feel comfortable. Only in such an atmosphere of (40) are decisions made. (41)
48、decision-making, a process by which action is taken only after everyone is in agreement, is an important part of Japanese business practices.It is important that people from different cultures come to understand each other and develop (42) trust. Only when people trust each other is international co
49、operation possible. The majority of people in Japan are (43) . Because most people are able to read newspaper and magazines, they generally have opinions on most important matters. In addition, (44) .People are more likely to change jobs in the United States than they are in Japan. There are several possible explanations for (45) . The Japanese are often exasperated by the seriousness w
