1、大学六级-1564 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.信息时代新知识层出不穷2怎样更新我们的知识3我的观点How to Renew Our Knowledge（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Fighting Binge Drinking On Campus? It Takes a Village.Its no secret that binge drinking is a thriving extracurricular activity on
2、most college campuses today-any frat (兄弟会) party or tailgate bash will show you that. For years, university administrations have vowed to crack down on the practice, but their efforts seem to consistently fall short, as evidenced by student deaths and booze-induced (痛饮诱发的)sexual-abuse crimes. Nearly
3、 half of college students binge-drink, meaning they have five or more drinks in one sitting with the intention of getting drunk, says the Core Institute, a Southern Illinois University group that administers national surveys and tracks alcohol use at colleges and universities. Whats worse, more than
4、 1,800 students die each year in alcohol-related accidents-a number that is rising.With alcohol abuse becoming more pervasive, do universities need to get tougher with existing policies, or do they simply need new ideas? Its a tricky problem, with no straight answer. But the consensus is that school
5、s are less effective at combating the problem if they go it alone. Whats needed, say health experts and advocacy groups, is more help from the surrounding communities to penetrate the drinking culture from the outside in.The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)first called for
6、more campus- community partnerships in 2002, when it laid out a set of recommendations urging colleges to start communicating with external institutions such as the local police, bar owners, and alcohol distributors in order to combat the problem. The suggestions included straightforward tactics lik
7、e raising local beer prices, training waiters and bartenders to spot fake IDs, lowering the blood-alcohol driving limit, increasing DUI checks, and requiring registrations for keg rentals.But eight years later, there is mounting evidence that such partnerships are not being forged. In a new paper pu
8、blished in the October issue of the journal Alcoholism. Clinical and Experimental Research, researchers from the University of Minnesota discovered that many colleges and universities havent obey to those guidelines, despite being aware of their potential effectiveness.“I continually heard comments
9、from schools saying, Were doing everything we can, “says Toben F. Nelson, a professor of epidemiology(流行病学)and community health and lead author of the study. “So we went back and checked if they were really doing the things with scientific backing behind it.And the answer was no.“ Nelson, who studie
10、d 350 colleges, concluded that most drinking takes place off campus, rather than in dorms where students are more likely to get caught. But off-campus isnt where schools tend to get involved. Nelson found that very few colleges were engaged in anything beyond campus educational initiatives and polic
11、ing regulations, which havent had much of an impact. “If anything, campus drinking problems are getting worse, despite the fact that were learning more and more about how to intervene and reduce it,“ says Ralph Hingson, director of the NIAAAs Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research.The few
12、schools that are forging partnerships are seeing results. In a new study published in the December issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, researchers found that institutions that had joined forces with their municipalities saw on average 6,000 fewer incidents of intoxication (ff-) at
13、off-campus parties and 4,000 fewer bouts of public drunkenness at bars and restaurants. The study compared seven public universities in California that had forged partnerships with the local police with seven control schools that hadnt.According to Nelson, the most effective campus-community initiat
14、ives include raising the price of alcohol through taxes, banning drink specials, restricting the geographic density of alcohol distributors, and changing the laws to hold bar owners and other hosts more accountable for over-serving students. Public-health scholar Edward Ehlinger, who studies college
15、-age youth, approves higher alcohol taxes as a way to dissuade cash-strapped students from having one too many. If prices remain low and marketing continues to court young people, overdosing on alcohol becomes a tough habit to break.But any effort to tackle binge drinking solely on the college level
16、 would be futile, says Ehlinger. The only way to solve the problem-for any age grouts-is by dealing with it nationally. “The ability to raise the price of alcohol, put limits on marketing, and sever the tie between alcohol and sports is beyond what colleges can do,“ he says. “Only a broad community
17、commitment to alcohol control will be effective in doing this.“Other solutions put equal emphasis on changing the national culture, but take the opposite tack. Barrett Seaman, the author of Binge. Campus Life in an Age of Disconnection and Excess, suggests loosening alcohol restrictions altogether.
18、Simply policing the problem at school hasnt worked because the drinking tends to move off campus, where its easier to hide booze. “When administrations try to crack down, they drive drinking underground, like Prohibition,“ says Seaman, who researched his book while living on 12 different college cam
19、puses. In it he compares Dartmouth College, where 200 undergrads (out of 4,400)were hospitalized for alcohol overdoses in 2003, with McGill University, which had a minuscule 12 alcohol-related hospitalizations (out of a whopping 20,000 students)over a two-year period. One major difference: Montreal-
20、based McGill has a drinking age of only 18, whereas Dartmouth has the over-21 age restriction.Its hard to tell whether campus drinking has worsened over the last several decades , but some, like Seaman, believe the 1984 law that increased the drinking-age limit from 18 to 21 actually made college bi
21、ngeing more prevalent. That law went into effect in response to a spike in the number of alcohol-related highway fatalities, but even the person who helped usher in the higher age limit, Morris Chafetz, NIAAA founder and President Ronald Reagans appointee to the Presidential Commission on Drunk Driv
22、ing, announced last year that it has not worked. Seaman and others continue to circulate a petition to lower the drinking age back to 18. Already, 135 college chancellors and presidents have signed it, according to the sponsor, Amethyst Initiative.Lowering the drinking age, says Seaman, would bring
23、drinking “out of the closet,“ eliminating some of the need to pregame, or drink in dorms before going out; it would allow colleges to regulate when and where drinking could occur. Seaman even envisions professors playing a role. “I think any student would tell you,“ he says, “that they would moderat
24、e their drinking if the same professor who was going to be grading them at the end of the semester was in the room.“Many health experts believe Seamans take is naive-wouldnt teenagers continue to prcgame for economic reasons? Whats more, lowering the drinking age has an obvious appeal for students.
25、“Drinking is part of the social fabric in college,“ says Ben, a senior from the University of Virginia, who asked that his full name not be used. He recalls a night earlier this year when he was underage and drank beer, rum, and vodka at a friends apartment before walking into a bar, having one drin
26、k and blacking out. He spent that night in jail. “If you know you cant drink in public, you have to drink more in private.“Still, forcing drinking out in the open wont solve all the campus problems, and only time will tell if the campus-community partnerships will work. Colleges will undoubtedly run
27、 into establishments that are unwilling to cooperate if it means a plunge in sales. Scholars at Indiana University recently completed a study assessing alcohol interventions, and lead researcher Dong-Chul Seo reported that local beer distributors and restaurant owners were not receptive to meetings.
28、（分数：70.00）(1).Although university administrations have vowed to suppress binge drinking for years, their efforts seem to be_.A. useless B. inevitable C. underestimated D. insufficient（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to health experts and advocacy groups, in order to combat the problem of alcohol abuse
29、, schools need to_.A. get more help from the relevant committeesB. invest more money in dealing with alcoholismC. get more help from the surrounding communitiesD. make tougher policies towards excessive drinking（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is said about the campus-community partnerships eight years lat
30、er?A. It has never been established.B. It has succeeded in the end.C. It has been well accepted.D. It has been almost forgotten.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can we learn from the study of Toben F. Nelson?A.Most drinking of college students occurs in dormitories.B. Schools are attempting to supervise of
31、f-campus drinking.C. Many colleges go in for off-campus educational initiatives and policing regulations.D. Campus educational initiatives and policing regulations havent had much impact.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Edward Ehlinger deems that the way to prevent impoverished students from drinking too much a
32、lcohol is_.A. to impose higher alcohol taxesB. to produce less amount of alcoholC. to impose more severe penaltiesD. to adopt more strict regulations（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What do we know about the view of Barrett Seaman?A. He approves of making joint effort to restrict alcohol.B. He frowns on policin
33、g the drinking problem off campus.C. He disapproves of lowing the drinking age back to 18.D. He endorses professors role in fighting binge drinking.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Some people, like Seaman, think that the 1984 law which increased the drinking-age limit from 18 to 21_.A. has effectively inhibite
34、d alcohol abuseB. has promoted the spread of college bingeC. has brought huge profit for college studentsD. has reduced the market share of alcohol（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).According to Seaman, if the same professor who was going to be grading them at the end of the semester was in the room, the students
35、 would_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to health experts, college students may find the lowering of drinking age_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).In the study conducted by scholars at Indiana University, Dong-Chul Seo reported that local beer distributors and restaurant owners attitude towards meetings were_.（分
36、数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. She wants to work at the same laboratory next semester.B. She needs to find a new job quickly.C. She tries to work for a different laboratory next semester.D. Shes tired of working as a laboratory assistant.（分数：7.00）
37、A.B.C.D.(2).A. Change the topic of her research project.B. Sign up for a different political science course.C. Ask Mary to help her choose a topic.D. Take a class together with Mary,（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She cant help the man make his decision.B. A bicycle isnt a safe method of transportation.C. T
38、he man doesnt need a new bicycle.D. She doesnt know how to fix a bicycle.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The professor might give an exam in class.B. The man might not be able to leave campus early.C. The class might not finish their oral presentation.D. This weeks class might be longer than expected.（分数：7.
39、00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. The man did not need to change clothes.B. The man looks very nice in a suit and tie.C. She likes the sweater the man is wearing.D. She does not think jeans are appropriate.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Look for another job.B. Start work later in the day.C. Talk to his boss about his sche
40、dule.D. Ask his boss for a raise in pay.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The woman never shops at the local grocery store.B. The grocery store has higher quality produce.C. The woman could buy her produce from the farm.D. It is cheaper to buy vegetables at the farm.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Cancel her appointm
41、ent at the clinic.B. Arrange to take the German test at a later date.C. Begin practicing for the German test next week.D. Make an appointment at the clinic soon.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. They dont like their older sistersB. Their sisters were adults when they were born.C. They and their sisters were b
42、orn by different mothers.D. Their sisters didnt take them for holidays.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She disliked the womans husband.B. She used to take the woman for holidays.C. She stayed in Brazil for 23 years.D. She used to take good care of the woman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They had old clothes and b
43、ikes.B. They had a lot of playmates.C. They learned to cooperate with the entire family.D. They learned to enjoy life without much money.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Leading a study on changes in environmental conditions and new trends.B. Developing chaos theory with her friends.C. Forecasting and predic
44、ting long-term trends of the financial development.D. Explaining the movement of the planets.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Programmers. B. Scientists. C. Environmentalists. D. Economists.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The possible variables.B. The possible constants.C. Patterns of change and development.D. The g
45、uaranteed forms of things.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. It teaches us to accept uncertainty. B. It was developed by the woman. C. It claims forecasting is impossible.D. It brings various outcomes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)(1).A. Unique design.B. User-friendly software.C. Comprehensive co
46、ntrols.D. User-friendly hardware.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Its founders invented personal computers.B. Its founders invented laptop computers.C. Its founders invented softwares.D. Its founders raised huge fund.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. PCs would become popular among young people.B. People enjoyed the fu
47、n of building their own computers.C. Computers forecasted a brilliant future of fortune.D. User-friendly computers would have great prospects.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Production and promotion.B. Invention and innovation.C. After and bundled service.D. Advertisement and management.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1)
48、.A. People can enjoy the fun of DIY.B. People can get the opportunity to travel.C. People can buy the most luxury products.D. People can have customer-built products.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. By offering abundant products with reasonable prices.B. By offering first-class service to consumers.C. By set
49、ting up factories all over the world.D. By joining the expanding international market.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. People from Europe.B. People under fifty. C. Serious and rigid people.D. Energetic and social people.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Church music. B. Country music. C. Rock and roll. D. Rhythm and blues.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Black people should own businesses.B. Black peop
