1、大学六级-1561 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.现代社会的压力越来越大，保持乐观心态很重要2保持乐观心态的益处3我对此的观点On Optimistic Attitude（分数：103.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)On FriendshipFew Americans stay put (固定不动的)for a lifetime. We move from town to city to suburb, from high school to colleg
2、e in different states, from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live in retirement. With each move we are forever making new friends, who become part of our new life at that time.For many of us the summer is a special
3、time for forming new friendships. Today millions of Americans vacation abroad and they go not only to see new sights but also-in those places where they do not feel too strange-with the hope of meeting new people. No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend. But surely the beginn
4、ing of a friendship is possible. Surely in every country people value friendship.They do. The difficulty when strangers from two countries meet is not a lack of appreciation of friendship, but different expectations about what constitutes friendship and how it comes into being. In those European cou
5、ntries that Americans are most likely to visit, friendship is quite sharply distinguished from other, more casual relations, and is differently related to family life. For a Frenchman, a German or an Englishman friendship is usually more particularized and carries a heavier burden of commitment.But
6、as we use the word, “friend“ can be applied to a wide range of relationships-to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a close business associate, to a childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant(心腹朋友). There are real differences among these relations for American
7、s-a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring. But to a European, who sees only our surface behavior, the differences are not clear.As they see it, people known and accepted temporarily, casually, flow in and out of Americans homes with little ceremony and often with li
8、ttle personal commitment. They may be parents of the childrens friends, house guests of neighbors, members of a committee, business associates from another town or even another country. Coming as a guest into an American home, the European visitor finds no visible landmarks. /he atmosphere is relaxe
9、d. Most people, old and young, are called by first names. French friendshipWho, then, is a friend? Even simple translation from one language to another is difficult, “You see,“ a Frenchman explains, “if I were to say to you in France, This is my good friend, that person would not be as close to me a
10、s someone about whom I said only This is my friend. Anyone about whom I have to say more is really less. “In France, as in many European countries, friends generally are of the same sex, and friendship is seen as basically a relationship between men. Frenchwomen laugh at the idea that “women cant be
11、 friends,“ but they also admit sometimes that for women “Its a different thing.“ And many French people doubt the possibility of a friendship between a man and a woman. There is also the kind of relationship within a group-men and women who have Worked together for a long time, who may be very close
12、, sharing great loyalty and warmth of feeling. They may call one another-co pains-a word that in English becomes “friends“ but has more the feeling of “pals“ or “buddies“. In French eyes this is not friendship, although two members of such a group may well be friends.For the French, friendship is a
13、one-to-one relationship that demands a keen awareness of the other persons intellect, temperament and particular interests. A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon. Your political philosophy assumes more d
14、epth, appreciation of a play becomes sharper, taste in food or wine is accentuated, enjoyment of a sport is intensified.And French friendships are divided into categories. A man may play chess with a friend for thirty years without knowing his political opinions, or he may talk politics with him for
15、 as long a time without knowing about his personal life. Different friends fill different niches (合适的地方)in each persons life. These friendships are not made part of family life. A friend is not expected to spend evenings being nice to children or courteous to a deaf grandmother. These duties, also s
16、erious and mandatory, are primarily for relatives. Men who are friends may meet in a care. Intellectual friends may meet in larger groups for evenings of conversation. Working people may meet at the little bistro (小酒馆)where they drink and talk, far from the family. Marriage does not affect such frie
17、ndships; wives do not have to be taken into account.In the past in France, friendships of this kind seldom were open to any but intellectual women. Since most womens lives centered on their homes, their warmest relations with other women often went back to their girlhood. The special relationship of
18、 friendship is based on what the French value most-on the mind, on compatibility of outlook, on vivid awareness of some chosen area of life. German friendshipIn Germany, in contrast with France, friendship is much more articulately a matter of feeling. Adolescents, boys and girls, form deeply sentim
19、ental attachments, walk and talk togetherInot so much to polish their wits as to share their hopes and fears and dreams, to form a common front against the world of school and family and to join in a kind of mutual discovery of each others and their own inner life. Within the family, the closest rel
20、ationship over a lifetime is between brothers and sisters. Outside the family, men and women find in their closest friends of the same sex the devotion of a sister, the loyalty of a brother. Appropriately, in Germany friends usually are brought into the family. Children call their fathers and their
21、mothers friends “uncle“ and “aunt“. Between French friends, who have chosen each other for the similar of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of argument are the breath of life. But for Germans, whose friendships are based on common feelings, deep disagreement on any subject that
22、matters to both is regarded as a tragedy. Like ties of kinship, ties of friendship are meant to be irrevocably binding. Young Germans who come to the United States have great difficulty in establishing such friendships with Americans. We view friendship more tentatively, subject to changes in intens
23、ity as people move, change their jobs, marry, or discover new interests. English friendshipEnglish friendships follow still a different pattern. Their basis is shared activity. Activities at different stages of life may be of very different kinds-discovering a common interest in school, serving toge
24、ther in the armed forces, taking part in a foreign mission, staying in the same country house during a crisis. In the midst of the activity, whatever it may be, people fall into step-sometimes two men or two women, sometimes two couples, sometimes three peopleand find that they walk or play a game o
25、r tell stories or serve on a tiresome and exacting committee with the same easy anticipation of what each will do day by day or in some critical situation. Americans who have made English friends comment that, even years later, “You can take up just where you left off.“ Meeting after a long interval
26、, friends are like a couple who begin to dance again when the orchestra strikes up after a pause. English friendships are formed outside the family circle, but they are not, as in Germany, closely involved with the family nor are they, as in France, separated from the family. And a break in an Engli
27、sh friendship comes not necessarily as a result of some irreconcilable difference of viewpoint or feeling but instead as a result of misjudgment, where one friend seriously misjudges how the other will think or feel or act, so that suddenly they are out of step. ConclusionWhat, then, is friendship?
28、Looking at these different styles, including our own, each of which is related to a whole way of life, are there common elements? There is the recognition that friendships are formed, in contrast with kinship, through freedom of choice. A friend is someone who chooses and is chosen. Related to this
29、is the sense each friend gives the other of being a special individual, on whatever grounds this recognition is based. And between friends there is inevitably a kind of equality of give-and-take. These similarities make the bridge between societies possible, and the Americans characteristic openness
30、 to different styles of relationship makes it possible for him to find new friends abroad with whom he feels at home.（分数：70.00）(1).What does the Americans, life style of moving have to do with their concept of friendship?A. It makes Americans cherish friendship very much.B. It makes Americans change
31、 friends from time to time.C. It makes Americans emotionally independent of each other.D. It makes Americans care more about family than friends.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why do many Americans go abroad for holidays?A. To learn new language.B. To increase their knowledge.C. To enjoy better climate.D. To
32、see new sights and make new friends.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the main difficulty in making friends across countries?A. Differences in expectations to friendship.B. A lack of appreciation of friendship.C. Differences in languages.D. Differences in life styles.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do Frenchwo
33、men think of friendship between women?A. They agree that women cant be friends.B. They think that women can be friends but womens friendship is different from mens.C. Some of them believe in friendship between women.D. They believe that friendship exists only in the same sex.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In
34、France, who undertake duties such as being nice to children or courteous to a deaf grandmother?A. Relatives. B. Friends. C. Neighbours. D. Colleagues.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Why did Frenchwomen except intellectual women seldom have friendship in the past?A. Most of them did not have jobs.B. They only h
35、ad close friends in their girlhood.C. They usually focused their lives on their families.D. They were dependent on their husbands.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Germans regard deep disagreement on any subject that matters to both of the two friends as a tragedy, because_.A. their friendship is based on common
36、 feelingsB. they make friends just to enlarge their knowledgeC. they consider friends the most important people in their lifeD. they cant tolerate any difference between each other（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).For_, friendship often changes in intensity when people move, change their jobs, marry, or discover
37、 new interests.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9)._, in which people can easily anticipate what each other will do day by day, leads to the formation of English friendship.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Different from kinship, friendship is the result of _, which is the common element of friendships of different styles.（分数：
38、7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Introduce Michelle to the other reporters. B. Take Michelle home.C. Take a tour of the office.D. Start working at his desk.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Buy some tools needed to repair the calculator.B. Ask the repair store
39、to repair the calculator.C. Hit the display until it mobilized.D. Figure out what is wrong with the calculator.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Supervisor and student.B. Colleagues.C. Customer and typist.D. Editor and contributor.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Show the man how to use the copy machine.B. Copy the me
40、ssage for the man.C. Inform the man about the policy.D. Call the man after she talks to the students.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. She admires Lily for expressing her opinion.B. She gets angry with Lily at the meeting.C. She thinks Lily should take a business class.D. She does not understand what Lily sai
41、d.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. She forgot to phone Henry this morning.B. She does not know Henrys new phone number.C. Henrys phone number has not changed.D. The man should ask Henry for the phone number.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She might be late for her experiment class.B. She doesnt have a bike.C. She mi
42、ght be delayed by her last class.D. She has to go to the nearest station.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He is making a public advertisement.B. He is trying to sell something to the woman.C. He does not agree with the woman.D. He is making a report.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Mental and physical health.B. Balan
43、ced diet and slim figure.C. Quick and sensitive response.D. Proper and positive thinking.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Painful. B. Interesting. C. Expensive. D. Useless.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Visit a yoga coach. B. Join a yoga class. C. Learn breathing.D. Keep on jogging as usual.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A.
44、Drug addiction.B. A headache.C. Pain-killers.D. The womans suggestion.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. From a drug dealer. B. Without the doctors prescription.C. Legally from the doctor.D. From the woman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Pain-relievers do no harm to our body.B. Pain-relievers can be addictive.C. Heroi
45、n and morphine are addictive.D. Pain-relievers can cure all diseases.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He thinks that its helpful.B. He is scared and thinks that its terrible.C. He thinks that its reasonable to stop taking pain-killers.D. He thinks it is exaggerated and useless.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题
46、数：3，分数：70.00)(1).A. Characteristics of swing music.B. The development of bebop.C. The relationship between American music and economy.D. The differences between bebop music and swing music.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A.Its a kind of dance music.B. It is with steady rhythms.C. Its rhythms are clear and ligh
47、t.D. Some of the rhythms it uses are irregular.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. To save moneyB. To avoid the new tax.C. To be more creative.D. To attract more audiences.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Bebop reflected the state of the American economy.B. Bebop made the performance tax imposed.C. Performance tax contr
48、ibuted to the development of bebop.D. Bebop suffered from the performance tax.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Plants and animals. B. Waterfalls and hills.C. AII kinds of rocks. D. Carnivals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The canoes cant hold many people.B. The visitors will easily lose their ways.C. The mosquitoes
49、 will eat them alive.D. The grass is so tall that its hard for the canoes to pass.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They could find more wild animals then.B. The grass becomes yellow which is more beautiful.C. There would be no mosquitoes stinging them.D. There would be fewer insects.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. The group rinsing with carbohydrate drinks.B. The group rinsing with sugar-free water.C.
