1、大学六级-1559 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 现在有不少大学生毕业后开始自主创业；2. 分析产生这一现象的原因； 3. 我认为（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Daylight Saving Time (DST)When Did Daylight Savings Begin in 2012?For most Americans, daylight saving time in 2012 began 2 a.m. on Sunday,
2、March 11, when most states sprang forward an hour. Time fell back to standard time again on Sunday, November 4, 2012, when daylight saving time ended.How and When Did Daylight Saving Time Start?Benjamin Franklinof “early to bed and early to rise“ famewas apparently the first person to suggest the co
3、ncept of daylight savings.While serving as U.S. ambassador to France in Paris, Franklin wrote of being awakened at 6 a. m. and realizing, to his surprise, that the sun would rise far earlier than he usually did. Imagine the resources that might be saved if he and others rose before noon and burned l
4、ess midnight oil, Franklin, tongue half in cheek, wrote to a newspaper.It wasnt until World War I that daylight savings were realized on a grand scale. Germany was the first state to adopt the time changes, to reduce artificial lighting and thereby save coal for the war effort. Friends and foes soon
5、 followed suit.In the U.S. a federal law standardized the yearly start and end of daylight saving time in 1918for the states that chose to observe it.During World War II the U.S. made daylight saving time mandatory (强制的) for the whole country, as a way to save wartime resources. Between February 9,1
6、942, and September 30,1945, the government took it a step further. During this period daylight saving time was observed year-round, essentially making it the new standard time, if only for a few years.Many years later, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was enacted, mandating a controversial month-long e
7、xtension of daylight saving time, starting in 2007.But does daylight saving time really save any energy?Daylight Saving Time: Energy Saver or Just Time Suck?In recent years several studies have suggested that daylight saving time doesnt actually save energyand might even result in a net loss.Environ
8、mental economist Hendrik Wolff, of the University of Washington, co-authored a paper that studied Australian power-use data when parts of the country extended daylight saving time for the 2000 Sydney Olympics and others did not. The researchers found that the practice reduced lighting and electricit
9、y consumption in the evening but increased energy use in the now dark morningswiping out the evening gains.Thats because the extra hour that daylight saving time adds in the evening is a hotter hour. “So if people get home an hour earlier in a warmer house, they turn on their air conditioning,“ the
10、University of Washingtons Wolff said.In fact, Hoosier (美国印第安纳州人的) consumers paid more on their electric bills than before they made the annual switch to daylight saving time, the study found.But other studies do show energy gains.In an October 2008 daylight saving time report to Congress, mandated b
11、y the same 2005 energy act that extended daylight saving time, the U.S. Department of Energy asserted that springing forward does save energy.Extended daylight saving time saved 1.3 terawatt(太瓦)hours of electricity. That figure suggests that daylight saving time reduces annual U.S. electricity consu
12、mption by 0.03 percent and overall energy consumption by 0.02 percent.While those percentages seem small, they could represent significant savings because of the nations enormous total energy use.Whats more, savings in some regions are apparently greater than in others.California, for instance, appe
13、ars to benefit most from daylight saving timeperhaps because its relatively mild weather encourages people to stay outdoors later. The Energy Department report found that daylight saving time resulted in an energy savings of one percent daily in the state.But Wolff, one of many scholars who contribu
14、ted to the federal report, suggested that the numbers were subject to statistical variability (变化) and shouldnt be taken as hard facts.And daylight savings energy gains in the U.S. largely depend on your location in relation to the Mason-Dixon Line, Wolff said.“The North might be a slight winner, be
15、cause the North doesnt have as much air conditioning,“ he said. “But the South is a definite loser in terms of energy consumption. The South has more energy consumption under daylight saving. “Daylight Saving Time: Healthy or Harmful?For decades advocates of daylight savings have argued that, energy
16、 savings or no, daylight saving time boosts health by encouraging active lifestylesa claim Wolff and colleagues are currently putting to the test.“In a nationwide American time-use study, were clearly seeing that, at the time of daylight saving time extension in the spring, television watching is su
17、bstantially reduced and outdoor behaviors like jogging, walking, or going to the park are substantially increased,“ Wolff said. “Thats remarkable, because of course the total amount of daylight in a given day is the same. “But others warn of ill effects.Till Roenneberg, a university professor in Mun
18、ich (慕尼黑), Germany, said his studies show that our circadian (生理节奏的) body clocksset by light and darknessnever adjust to gaining an “extra“ hour of sunlight to the end of the day during daylight saving time.One reason so many people in the developed world are chronically (长期地) overtired, he said, is
19、 that they suffer from “social jet lag. “ In other words, their optimal circadian sleep periods dont accord with their actual sleep schedules.Shifting daylight from morning to evening only increases this lag, he said. “Light doesnt do the same things to the body in the morning and the evening. More
20、light in the morning would advance the body clock, and that would be good. But more light in the evening would even further delay the body clock. “Other research hints at even more serious health risks.A 2008 study concluded that, at least in Sweden, heart attack risks go up in the days just after t
21、he spring time change. “The most likely explanation to our findings is disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms,“ One expert told National Geographic News via email.Daylight Savings Lovers and HatersWith verdicts (定论) on the benefits, or costs, of daylight savings so split, it may be no
22、surprise that the yearly time changes inspire polarized reactions.In the U.K. , for instance, the Lighter Later movementpart of 10:10, a group advocating cutting carbon emissionsargues for a sort of extreme daylight savings. First, they say, move standard time forward an hour, then keep observing da
23、ylight saving time as usualadding two hours of evening daylight to what we currently consider standard time.The folks behind S, on the other hand, want to abolish daylight saving time altogether, calling energy-efficiency claims “unproven. “National telephone surveys by Rasmussen Reports from spring
24、 2010 and fall 2009 deliver the same answer. Most people just “dont think the time change is worth the hassle (麻烦的事). “ Forty-seven percent agreed with that statement, while only 40 percent disagreed.But Seize the Daylight author David Prerau said his research on daylight saving time suggests most p
25、eople are fond of it.“I think if you ask most people if they enjoy having an extra hour of daylight in the evening eight months a year, the response would be pretty positive. /（分数：70.00）(1).It can be learnt from the beginning of the passage that _.A. daylight saving time usually comes in MarchB. day
26、light saving time could be longer than half a yearC. all of the Americans have the same daylight saving timeD. when daylight saving time ends, we spring forward an hour（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why is Benjamin Franklin regarded as the first person to come up with the idea of DST?A. Because he was an amba
27、ssador to France.B. Because he believed in “early to bed and early to rise“.C. Because he wrote to a newspaper about the concept.D. Because DST started in his days.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which country is the first to adopt the DST?A. Germany.B. The U.S.C. The United Kingdom.D. Australia.（分数：7.00）A.B.C
28、.D.(4).When did the U.S. make daylight saving time mandatory for the whole country?A) In 1918. C) In 1945. B) In 1942. D) During World War .（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).California appears to benefit most from daylight saving time because _.A. the weather there is windyB. it is close to the Pacific OceanC. p
29、eople there tend to stay outdoors laterD. people there have more time to do exercise（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).According to Wolff, _.A. the Energy Departments report was accurateB. the amount of daylight savings energy gains is stableC. the South saves more energy than the North during DST period.D. dayli
30、ght savings energy gains could be varied in different places（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Till Roenneberg pointed out that _.A. daylight saving time was beneficial to healthB. people were tired of too much sunlightC. daylight saving time increased social jet lagD. social jet lag could be prevented and cured（
31、分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).According to a 2008 study, the reason why the heart attack risks in Sweden increased after the spring time change was most probably _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Those who want to abolish daylight saving time altogether are the folks _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).According to David Prerau, most
32、 people have a _ attitude towards daylight saving time.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Get a job on campus.B. Take an electronics course.C. Visit the electronics company.D. Apply for a job in an electronics company.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He no l
33、onger watches much television.B. He prefers the comedies from the sixties.C. Television comedies havent improved since the sixties.D. He hasnt seen many of the old shows.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The woman is satisfied that the book has been returned.B. The woman doesnt lend books to people.C. The man
34、 is too embarrassed to borrow a book from the woman.D. The man cant find the book he borrowed from the woman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Shes never been to a debate.B. She thinks the team was eliminated.C. She cant go to the state competition.D. She cant know if the team was successful.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.
35、(5).A. Buy a new television for the woman.B. Check to see if the womans television has been repaired.C. Fix the womans television.D. Send the womans television to her house.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. He wants to learn to play the violin.B. He wants to play in the band.C. His band will perform next week
36、.D. He cant play the violin well.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She also plans to get a pet.B. Dan is allergic to cats.C. Animals will soon he allowed in Dans building.D. Dan will get a lift to his apartment from a relative.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The result is satisfactory despite the poor performance.B.
37、The team will not qualify for the final because of the poor play.C. The team could not play better in the final.D. The team should have won the game.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Because his lecture notes werent very good.B. Be
38、cause he didnt understand the lecture.C. Because he didnt attend the lecture.D. Because his research was on the same topic as the lecture.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Survival strategies for extreme Antarctic cold.B. Why inactive volcanoes become active.C. The principal causes of global warming.D. The ef
39、fects of volcanoes on the Antarctic ice sheet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. That a snow cover can cause ice to melt.B. How heat can prevent ice from melting.C. How water flows into the ocean.D. Why volcanoes have a slippery surface.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have
40、 just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. She was impressed by it.B. It was a waste of money.C. She was amazed that it had opened so soon.D. She didnt like it as much as the other wings.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He took a tour of the city.B. He read about it.C. He wrote an article about it.D. He worked there as a
41、guide.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They came from the original wing.B. Theyre made of the same material.C. Theyre similar in shape.D. They were designed by the same person.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. It was made of aluminum.B. It wasnt large enough.C. It wouldnt move in the wind.D. It was too heavy to put up
42、.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Content of speech is more important than tone of voice.B. Voice quality has a strong effect on listeners.C. Effective speakers must use visual aids.D. A microphone
43、 is essential in large rooms.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Always use a loudspeaker.B. Avoid large rooms.C. Never vary the volume.D. Not to shout.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. By pausing.B. By raising pitch.C. By lowering registers.D. By pointing to a chart.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are bas
44、ed on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Gathering non-relevant materials.B. Stealing another persons ideas.C. Sharing notes with someone else.D. Handing in assignments late.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Research assistants.B. Magazine publishers.C. Careless authors.D. Inexperienced students
45、.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. In the students own words.B. By quoting directly.C. In short phrases.D. By making a summary.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. To encourage people to participate in a club activity.B. To introduce a
46、new kind of bicycle.C. To inform bicycle beginners about New Jerseys traffic laws.D. To warn tourists about bicycling on the roadways.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Its large number of bicycle clubs.B. Its geographic variety.C. Its network of superhighways.D. Its mild climate.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Becaus
47、e some of them are inaccessible to new riders.B. Because some of them commemorate the development of the bicycle.C. Because they are nice places to visit on bicycle tours.D. Because they help to make New Jersey a wealthy state.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. To save money on equipment.B. To instruct newcome
48、rs about bicycle maintenance.C. To ensure that everyone knows about the historical sites.D. To help keep participants from getting lost.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)There is growing dissatisfaction toward rich people, according to a new online poll.The poll by the China Youth Daily in
49、 (36) with has highlighted the apparent (37) over the countrys widening income gap.Nearly 8,000 people filled in online (38) last week, and when asked to use three words to describe the societys rich, the top (39) were “extravagant“, “greedy“ and “corrupt“.About 57 percent of those (40) said that “extravagant“ was the best word to descr
