1、大学六级-1539 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 目前社会上存在着迷信文凭的现象2. 造成这一现象的原因 3. 我对此的观点Is a Diploma Everything?（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Beijing 2008: The First 4G Wireless Olympic Games ?About half a million years ago, Peking man lived in Zhoukoudian, in
2、 the southwestern suburbs of what is now Beijing. If you have been to Beijing more recently, or are at all familiar with modern China, then you know this ancient city is going to host the most modern, high-tech Olympic Games ever in 2008. With technology available today, and a vision for what Beijin
3、g could be in 2008, there is an opportunity for the hosts to make the citys telecommunications infrastructure-in the words of the Olympic motto “swifter, higher, stronger“. The Path to 4GBeijing has the good fortune of looking at previous generations of wireless networks and avoiding the same mistak
4、es as it prepares for 2008. First Generation (1G) wireless telecommunications the brick-like analog phones that are now collectors itemsintroduced the cellular architecture that is still being offered by most wireless companies today. Second Generation (2G) wireless supported more users within a cel
5、l by using digital technology, which allowed many callers to use the same multiplexed channel. But 2G was still primarily meant for voice communications, not data, except some very low data-rate features, like Short Messaging Service (SMS). So-called 2.5G allowed carriers to increase data rates with
6、 a software upgrade at the base transceivers Stations (BTS), as long as consumers purchased new phones too. Third Generation (3G) wireless offers the promise of greater bandwidth, basically bigger data pipes to users, which will allow them to send and receive more information.All of these architectu
7、res, however, are still cellular. Cellular architecture is sometimes referred to as a “star architecture, because users within that cell access a common, centralized base station. The advantage is that given enough time and money, carriers can build nationwide networks, which most of the big carrier
8、s have done. Some of the disadvantages include a singular point of failure, no lead balancing, and spectral inefficiencies. The single biggest disadvantage to cellular networks going forward is that as data rates increase, output power will have to increaseor the size of the cells win have to decrea
9、seto support those higher data rates. Since significant increases in output power scare both consumers and regulators, it is far more likely that we will see significantly smaller cells. This will further reduce the return on investment in already fragile 3G business plans.Fourth Generation (4G) wir
10、eless was originally conceived by the Defense Advanced Research projects Agency (DARPA), the same organization that developed the wired Internet. It is not surprising, then, that DARPA chose the same distributed architecture for the wireless Internet that had proven so successful in the wired Intern
11、et. Although experts and policymakers have yet to agree on all the aspects of 4G wireless, two characteristics have emerged as all but certain components of 4G:end-to-end Internet Protocol (IP) ,and peer-to-peer(点对点)networking. An all IP network makes sense because consumers will want to use the sam
12、e data applications they are used to in wired networks. Peer-to-peer networks, where every device is both a transceiver (收发机) and a router (路由器) for other devices in the network, eliminates the weakness of cellular architectures, because the elimination of a single node does not disable the network.
13、 The final definition of “4G“ will have to include something as simple as this: if a consumer can do it at home or in the office while wired to the Internet, that consumer must be able to do it wirelessly in a fully mobile environment.Lets define “4G“ as “wireless collaborated peer-to-peer networkin
14、g“. 4G technology is significant because users joining the network add mobile routers to the network infrastructure. Because users carry much of the network with them, network capacity and coverage is dynamically shifted to accommodate changing user patterns. As people congregate and create pockets
15、of high demand, they also create additional routes for each other, thus enabling additional access to network capacity. Users will automatically hop away from congested routes to less congested routes. This permits the network to dynamically and automatically self-balance capacity, and increase netw
16、ork utilization.What could 4G mean for Beijing and its Olympics?There is a Statistic (without any known attribution) that estimates that the first phone call made by a majority of Chinese alive today was with a cell phone. This would mean that most Chinese skipped a whole generation of telephony (co
17、pper twisted pair) and jumped into the world of wireless telephony. So too might the Chinese skip a generation of wireless and deploy a 4G network before 2008. Following are a few applications that could further enhance the Olympic experience, both for the visitors during the Games, and for the resi
18、dents of Beijing long afterwards.SecurityBeijing has already deployed cameras throughout the city and sends those images back to a central command center. This is generally done using fiber, which limits where the cameras can be hung, i.e., no fiber, no camera. 4G networks allow Beijing to deploy ca
19、meras and backhaul(回传) them wirelessly. And instead of having to backhaul every camera, cities can backhaul every third or fifth or tenth camera, using the other cameras as router/repeater.Traffic ControlBeijing is a challenging city for drivers, with or without an Olympics going on. The growing mid
20、dle class, and their new-found ability to purchase automobiles, is increasing the number of passenger vehicles on the road at a staggering annual rate of 30%. 4G networks can connect traffic control boxes to intelligent transportation management systems wirelessly, This would create a traffic grid t
21、hat could change light cycle times on demand, e.g. , keeping some lights green longer temporarily to improve traffic flow. It also could make vehicle-based on-demand “all green“ routes for emergency vehicles responding to traffic accidents, reducing the likelihood that those vehicles will themselves
22、 be involved in an accident route.Hot SpotsBeijing could deploy information kiosks(亭)around the city to allow visitors to the Olympics to get real- time information on results, venue updates, and traffic conditions. They could, be backhauled to the Internet via existing cable or DSL. But they could
23、also be home to 802.11 access points, providing free information to any- one with an 802.11 card. And with 4Gs peer-to-peer capabilities, the city could deploy access points even where there is no fiber, by having those “remote“ access points hop through backhauled access points. Mobile Hot SpotsTo
24、exploit the real power of 4G, Beijing could create mobile hot spots. This would allow users in the sub- ways, trains, and buses to connect to the Internet via standard 802.11 cards talking to standard 802.11 access points. But since those access points obviously cannot be wired to the network, they
25、are connected via 4G wireless networks.ConclusionHeating an Olympic Games is, well, an Olympian task. Modern China is more than up to the challenge and it is safe to predict that Beijing 2008 will be one of the most impressive Games of all times. But one other way to measure the success of the Games
26、 is the impact it has on the host city after the torch is extinguished. By deploying a 4G mobile broadband network for the Games, Beijing will ensure that its residents will enjoy profound and lasting benefits.（分数：70.00）(1).Because short messaging service is a kind of data communication, second gene
27、ration wireless cannot support it.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).One of the great drawbacks of cellular networks is its expensive implementing cost.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The networks of communication system which are peer-to-peer are one property of 4G wireless communication.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).If many people ha
28、ve demand for the network at the same time, the data communication will be difficult even with 4G technology.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).If somebody who is still alive receives a phone call from China, this call is very possibly dialed by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).4G wireless communication can take the place of
29、 _ to send images back to central command center.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).With the help of 4G networks, traffic light cycle period can be adjusted according to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).During Beijing Olympics, tourists can easily obtain the information about game results and traffic conditions in time from
30、_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Even on their way to destinations, travelers can easily surf Internet by 802.11 cards if there are _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Whether Beijing 2008 is successful or not can be ascertained by _ on Beijing after it is over.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A
31、(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.His research paper was really good and got high grade.B.His research paper was refused by the professor.C.His research paper won the professors favor.D.His research paper was organized with useless clai
32、ms.A.He will search for an air-conditioner for his place.B.He will find a place to fix an air-conditioner.C.He will look for a place with air-conditioner to stay in.D.He will have a place for air-conditioner.A.The man will not need the tape recorder tonight.B.The man needs to use the tape recorder t
33、his evening.C.The woman can return the tape recorder tomorrow.D.The woman is sorry for losing the tape recorder.A.He suggests the woman not to finish the plan.B.He advices the woman to search more information.C.He tells the woman to make another plan.D.He asks the woman to do the plan with the infor
34、mation they got.A.The mans article was written terribly.B.The mans article was completely off the point.C.The mans article was not accepted by the general public.D.The mans article was based on the general public.A.He means that he didnt know the thesis proposal.B.He means that he hasnt have time to
35、 read the proposal.C.He means that he will not help her read the proposal.D.He means that shed have given it to him earlier.A.The man also wants to get a ticket for the state ballet.B.The man is selling the ticket for the state ballet.C.The mans sister will go to see the state ballet.D.The mans sist
36、er will give the ticket to the woman.A.Go home and have a good rest.B.Call all the people on the list today.C.Go through ail the numbers on their list.D.Ask people on the list to contribute.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.To go to see and talk to a fr
37、iend.B.To go to cash his travelers checks.C.To go to the bank and repair the computer.D.To go to the bank and save some money,A.He is from Germany.B.He is from Europe.C.He is from Britain.D.He is from America.A.Traveling around the world.B.Having a rest after a days work.C.Going on business trip.D.W
38、orking in their company.A.About the places where to buy beautiful clothes.B.About the places where to have great food.C.About the places where to buy bus system.D.About the places where to find expensive restaurants.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.He
39、thinks the choice of Barings Factory is better.B.He thinks the choice of the hospital is better.C.He thinks there is no need to change the topic.D.He thinks the choice of the university is better.A.The introduction of the draft.B.The first part of the draft.C.The headings of the draft.D.The middle p
40、art of the draft.A.It is not clear and needs to be revised.B.It provides too little information.C.It makes the draft appear too simplistic.D.It is not relevant to the approach the woman has taken.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分
41、数：21.00）A.The counseling service offering help to the overseas students.B.The resident president offering spiritual guidance to the overseas students.C.The community groups providing help to the overseas students.D.The method of dealing with the personal crisis of the overseas students.A.If the stud
42、ents are confused about the subject.B.If the students dont know how to combine subject with degree.C.If the students dont get any suggestion about the career.D.If the students dont receive any comment in time.A.Different teaching methods.B.Too tight time.C.Too much assignment.D.Unfamiliar learning m
43、aterial.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.She was born in 1960.B.She was born in 1940.C.She was born in 1916.D.She was born in 1956.A.She won the first place.B.She won the second place.C.She won the third place.D.She won no medals at all.A.In Sain
44、t Bethlehem, USA.B.In Melbourne, Australia.C.In Tennessee, USA.D.In Rome, Italy.A.In the two hundred meter race.B.In the one hundred meter race.C.In the two hundred meter sprint relay event.D.In the one hundred meter and the two hundred meter races.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the pa
45、ssage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To celebrate Queen Elizabeths birthday.B.To show respect for Queen Elizabeth.C.To honor his half brother Sir Humphrey Gilbert.D.To make the name of land sound more beautiful.A.With the help of people from colonies.B.Owing to actively invading the Spanish Navy.C.
46、Due to the weather in favor of English ships.D.Because of the hugeness of the Spanish Navy.A.Because they faced the attack of the Spanish Navy.B.Because they always met with fierce storms.C.Because she thought the cost was too high.D.Because the expenses were too much to afford.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：
47、77.00)The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise. Its (36) economy in which consumers determine what shall be produced by spending their money for those goods and services. Private businessmen, (37) to make their profits, produce these goods and services in (38)
48、with other businessmen, and the profit (39) , operating under competitive pressures, largely (40) how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, (41) with the desire of businessmen to gain more profits and the desire of individuals to (42) their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how (43) are used to produce it.If, on the other hand, (44) , which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. In the American economy, this mechanism is provide
