1、大学六级-1526 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前很多父母在子女高中毕业前就送他们出国学习2形成这种趋势的原因3我对此的看法（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Pollution: A Life and Death IssueOne of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earths environmental crises reinforce o
2、ne another. Pollution is an obvious example-we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky- clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the
3、 quest for wealth that generates much of the mass in the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by
4、outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year
5、 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal(痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water:Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for du
6、mping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.Chronic ProblemChemicals are a frequent pollutan
7、t. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 720% of cancers are attributable to poor air end pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the
8、 body, especially in the young, says we may “be conducting a large-scale experiment with childrens health“.Some man-made chemicals, endocrine (内分泌) disruptors like phthalates (酞酸盐) and nonylphenol-a breakdown product of spermicides (杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents-are blamed for causing changes in t
9、he genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bears-so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 am thought never to hav
10、e been comprehensively tested for theft possible risks to people.At fast glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the comer of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor communitys fight against oil companies which they say are responsible
11、for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from t
12、he plants.In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industri
13、es on their doorsteps are making them sick.Trade-offBut the snag is that modern society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs m be
14、 made.The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria(疟疾). Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused
15、. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neig
16、hbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate change-the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.For One and AllOne of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple-the polluter pays. Sometimes it is ob
17、vious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to b
18、e recycled or even just to last longer.Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.We now think that is too risky be
19、cause, as one author wrote, “theres no such place as away, and theres no such person as the other.“Irritating AirDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durbans Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U.S. university, found that
20、 an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma(哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to
21、 establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school population.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be n
22、ear-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant.Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engens stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. “We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, fo
23、r failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in the constitution,“ he said.Legislative ChangeA new batch(批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislatio
24、n with fighter controls and tougher sanctions.Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. “I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long o
25、verdue,“ he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.The local authorities have also established a “Multi-Point Plan“ for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.（分数：70.00）(1).According to Worl
26、d Health Organization, how many people am killed by outdoor air pollution?（分数：7.00）A.3 millionB.2.1 millionC.1.6 millionD.3.2 million(2).According to the passage, land can be polluted by _ from agriculture.（分数：7.00）A.heavy metalsB.pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizersC.slurry from livestockD.rubbi
27、sh(3).What kind of animal affected by man-made chemicals is not referred in the passage?（分数：7.00）A.Polar bears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.(4).What do local residents claim for?（分数：7.00）A.They are sick because of years of pollution.B.They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps.C.They are s
28、ick because of pesticides from agriculture.D.They are sick because of air pollution.(5).The pesticide DDT can be effective against _.（分数：7.00）A.malariaB.wildlifeC.animalsD.human nervous system(6).There is a U. N. convention that can cover _.（分数：7.00）A.problem between neighborsB.problem between state
29、s which do not share a borderC.problems on air pollutionD.trans-boundary air pollution(7).What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves?（分数：7.00）A.Throw less away.B.Design recycled products.C.Dont use it again.D.Last longer.(8).It found that increases in air pollution tended to _.（分数：7
30、.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier t
31、his year and said there were measures in place to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.$80.B.$60.C.$90.D.$15.A.He loves his present work.B.He is going to open a store.C.He is
32、about to retire.D.He works in a repair shop.A.Mary is going to Hawaii.B.Mary has been to many countries.C.Mary likes postcards.D.Mary is traveling on business.A.To save the money for a long time.B.To buy a new car.C.To purchase a used car.D.To get a second car.A.Delivery service manager and driver.B
33、.Teacher and student.C.Lawyer and client.D.Doctor and patient.A.New shopping centers are very common.B.The shopping center is very old.C.The city needs more shopping centers.D.The old house should be turned into stores.A.They are having a party.B.They. are playing the piano.C.Someone else is having
34、a party.D.Someone else is funny.A.She was hurt by the man.B.She lost her temper.C.She didnt speak to her husband.D.She missed the dinner party.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Computer sales negotiations.B.A preliminary interview.C.An Internet seminar
35、meeting.D.Computer games.A.He managed the sales department.B.He gave seminars on the Internet.C.He worked as a custodian.D.He designed software.A.A web page authoring program.B.A kind of beverage.C.A computer game.D.A kind of software.A.She will call Mr. Taylor in the next few days.B.She will talk o
36、ver their discussion with others.C.She will ask her colleagues to call Mr. Taylor.D.She will not contact him for further consideration.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Raising money.B.Gathering support from others.C.Giving speeches.D.Choosing the offic
37、ial candidate for each political party.A.Interviews.B.Television ads.C.Playing with children.D.Speeches.A.There are Several small parties in the U.S.B.There are only two parties in the U.S.C.The most powerful party in the U.S. is the Democrats.D.The most powerful party in the U.S. is the Republicans
38、.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.British.B.Americans.C.Germans.D.Japanese.A.Entirely effective.B.Totally incorrect.C.A complete failure.D.Quite difficult.A.Have a greater sense of duty.B.Can get higher pay.C.Can avoid
39、working hard.D.Can avoid busy traffic.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A housewife.B.A singer.C.A teacher.D.A musician.A.The violin was too heavy for her.B.She was too young to play the violin.C.The violin was too expensive.D.Her mother wanted he
40、r to play the piano.A.To play the violin on a concert.B.To go to New York City.C.To apply for a scholarship.D.To have her performance taped.A.In 1928.B.In 1982.C.In 1980.D.In 1920.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Winter in Alaska.B.The brave Al
41、askan people.C.Alaskan transportation today.D.A dog sled race.A.Every year in March.B.Every other year.C.From two to three weeks.D.The winter of 1925.A.Winning.B.Finding gold.C.Just to finish.D.Being able to participate.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Many workers depend on plans (36) by their employers
42、to help pay for their retirement. There are two major kinds of retirement plans. One is defined by what is paid out, the other by what is paid in.The first is called a defined (37) plan, or pension. It provides set (38) based on the number of years an (39) has worked: These plans often pay for healt
43、h care and other costs. They might also provide money to family members when the (40) dies.Pensions, however, can be a big cost to employers. In the United States, the change from a (41) economy to a service economy has resulted in fewer and fewer (42) plans.The other major kind of retirement plan i
44、s called a defined (43) plan. Two things define how much a worker will get at retirement. (44) .One popular version is a four-oh-one-k plan, named after a part of the tax law. (45) .But some plans are very complex. An easier way for small employers to offer retirement savings is through a Savings In
45、centive Match Plan. (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)By the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox“ had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affec
46、t the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns(酒馆), and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War(1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freig
47、ht cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half of the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of th
48、e modern fridge, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary(未发展的). The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, whi
