1、大学六级-1516 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1举例说明水对人类的重要性2举例说明我国所面临的水资源问题3为了自下而上和发展人们要Precious Water（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Next Disaster: Are We Ready?Are We Really Prepared?After the attacks on September 11 and the hurricanes that slammed the G
2、ulf Coast last year, youd expect our major cities to be ready with disaster plans that will save lives and property. Theres no doubt well be hit againmaybe even harder because the list of possible calamities(灾难) is long: from a bird flu pandemic to a massive California earthquake, to more monster st
3、orms, to another terrorist attack.But are we really prepared to protect people, as well as their homes and businesses? Every major urban area has received federal funding, much of it from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS ), in order to make their cities more secure. But there are no set crit
4、eria for measuring preparedness (the feds are working on that), and the quality of disaster plans varies widely throughout the country.So we decided to do an independent assessment of 10 high-risk urban areas, focusing on key security indicators. We analyzed public data, consulted with federal and l
5、ocal emergency workers, and contacted the mayors offices to gauge(测量) the readiness of these cities to meet both natural and men-made disasters.Our criteria fell under three main categories: Emergency Readiness, Crisis Communications, and Medical Response. Emergency ReadinessAre there at least 1,000
6、 first responders (such as police, fire and EMTs) per 100,000 residents? Theyre our first line of protection in almost any disaster situation-professionals who are trained to handle everything from rescuing victims to providing first aid, to enforcing quarantines(封锁), to directing traffic for evacua
7、tions(疏散).Are there federal search-and-rescue teams based within 50 miles? Large cities often have specialized teams to deal with such things as high-rise-building rescues or hazardous chemical spills. But these squads are sometimes small, ill-equipped, or run on a shoestring. This is not true of fe
8、deral urban search-end-rescue task forces that the DHS supports across the country. Each task force is made of 62 members and 4 canines, as well as a “comprehensive cache“ of equipment. DHS task forces are not automatically assigned; a city needs to apply and present its case.Has the city or state e
9、arned “green status“ from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? Suppose that in the midst of a flu pandemic or bio terror attack, your city ran low on critical medicines. The CDC stands ready to help by distributing drugs and medical equipment from its Strategic National Stockpile. But the
10、 agency wants to know that a city or state is able to quickly mobilize hundreds of health workers and volunteers trained to handle the logistics, and has space set aside for storage and refrigeration. Youre best off if your city has earned the CDCs “green status“-even if the state itself has not-bec
11、ause it means local health teams can handle the supplies on their own.Does the city website explain clearly what to do in case of evacuation? Who can forget the images of stranded New Orleans residents, or the 5-mph crawl out of Houston? It turned out that New Orleanss evacuation plans were both ina
12、dequate and poorly communicated. One way cities can avoid a similar nightmare is to put clear and easy-to-find evacuation information on their websites. Some cities, such as Boston and Washington, post the preferred street routes. Others, like Las Vegas, wont disclose details due to security fears,
13、but their websites may provide ways to quickly get evacuation details when you need them (such as numbers to call or alert services you can sign up for). Among the more important things to address are people without vehicles of their own (a huge failing in New Orleans) and instructions for pet owner
14、s.Does the website include details for residents with special needs? In July 1995, a vicious heat wave killed nearly 500 people in Chicago; a disproportionate number of them were older residents who lived alone. In any crisis, the elderly and disabled can be uniquely vulnerable. Thats why cities suc
15、h as Houston are creating registries of residents who would need special help. Such lists would indicate, for instance, that a certain person in a certain apartment building is wheel-chair-bound. Other cities are instructing people with disabilities to call 911 for assistance-though this relies on p
16、hone systems that could be overloaded or go dead. If a citys disaster planning shows no awareness of special-needs people, it isnt complete.Crisis CommunicationsCan first responderspolice, fire and medical-talk to one another? On September 11, firefighters died inside the World Trade Center because
17、they could not make contact with police helicopters trying to radio warnings. Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem, and converting or replacing decades-old radio systems can be a long, expensive process. Cities have gotten a big boost if theyve taken part in RapidCom, a DHS program
18、providing technical assistance and training that speeds up the transition.Has the city adopted E911? Many cities have upgraded their 911 call centers in recent years, but theyre even better prepared if theyve incorporated “E911“ (or “enhanced 911“). This technology enables emergency operators to ide
19、ntify the precise location of cell-phone callers through GPS systems. If you wind up stranded in floodwaters, E911 could save your life.Does the city provide 24-hour emergency alerts? What if an evacuation order goes out, but its 3 a.m. and youre sound asleep? Not a problem if your city has a way of
20、 alerting you at any time of day. Some rely on street sirens (警报器) to do the trick. Others have used their websites to invite residents to sign up for e-mail notifications or automated phone calls in an emergency.Medical ResponseAre there at least 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 residents? Getti
21、ng to victims quickly is a critical first step. But youd better have a place to take them for treatment. A reasonable standard, according to preparedness experts, is 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 people-a ratio that would likely mean a city could find enough spare beds in an emergency. Of cour
22、se, beds alone wont help a massive number of burn victims or people suffering from chemical exposure unless the hospital is prepared to treat them. But all the cities in our survey have specialty units in their hospitals that can handle such cases.Are local teams trained to respond quickly and work
23、together? If an urban area was targeted by weapons of mass destruction, city health officials couldnt just wait for federal help to arrive. First responders and hospitals would need to react right away. They could also need medical volunteerssay, to help vaccinate people or distribute medicines and
24、supplies. How to ensure that all these professionals and volunteers work together as seamlessly as possible? If a city is part of DHSs Metropolitan Medical Response System, it has obtained federal assistance in developing plans, and has received critical training and equipment.Are there labs nearby
25、that specialize in biological and chemical threats? The CDC is on the cutting edge with its Laboratory Response Network-integrated labs nationwide that have the equipment and expertise to quickly identify pathogens and toxic chemicals. An LRN lab in Florida was the first to detect anthrax(炭疽热) in te
26、rrorist mailings in 2001. Laboratories can be members only if they have highly trained staff and exceptional facilities, as well as a track record of testing accuracy. A handful of LRN labs qualify as “Level 1 “, meaning they can test for chemical poisons such as mustard and nerve agents.（分数：70.00）(
27、1).A bird flu, a massive earthquake, a monster storm and a terrorist attack are all threats to major cities in the U.S.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The author does an assessment of all high-risk urban areas in the U.S.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Policemen, firemen and emergency doctors all can be called first respon
28、ders.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Each federal urban search-and-rescue task force is made up of at least 60 members.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).If a city has earned the CDCs “green status“, it means that its local health teams can _ on their own.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).You can get evacuation details through the ways pro
29、vided by the website of Las Vegas though it doesnt disclose the details due to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem in the U.S. because of the _ which should be converted or replaced.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Emergency operators can identify the. precise location of
30、call-phone callers through GPS systems with the use of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to preparedness experts, if a city has at least 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 residents, it could find _ in an emergency.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).As a part of DHSs Metropolitan Medical Response System, a city ca
31、n obtain _ in developing plans.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Mary is worthy of the prize.B.Mary has granted the prize.C.Mary fails in the speech contest.D.The man doesnt
32、think Mary deserves the prize.A.Driving a car.B.Taking a taxi.C.Taking a train.D.Going by subway.A.He dislikes museums and galleries.B.He does not care about the weather.C.Going to the beach is the best choice.D.He doesnt want to go to Washington.A.She wants to live in the suburbs.B.She is offended
33、by her naughty children.C.She disagrees with father.D.She turns a deaf ear to her husbands words.A.Call her after five.B.Make calls from her phone.C.Go to the meeting with her.D.Fix his phone.A.Husband and wife.B.Teacher and student.C.Policeman and driver.D.Mother and son.A.At the library.B.At the a
34、irport.C.At the post office.D.At the teachers office.A.He is good at drawing pictures.B.He likes pictures very much.C.He likes visiting the art museum very much.D.He thinks the art museum is a very quiet place.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.An alien
35、spacecraft landing.B.The impact of a meteorite.C.A volcanic eruption.D.The blizzard conditions in Alaska.A.Seeing a falling round object.B.Hearing a bird-like sound.C.Observing a bright light.D.Witnessing the impact.A.The dinosaurs want extinct.B.A number of meteorites crashed into Earth.C.Some anim
36、al species evolved.D.Some plants went extinct.A.Discovering new life in space.B.Studying meteorites.C.Plotting the courses of asteroids.D.Developing radar telescopes.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.It offers really good coffee.B.It has live music ever
37、y Saturday night.C.Its near the theater.D.You can see a movie there.A.Its overpriced.B.It makes people crazy.C.Its different from other coffee houses coffee.D.All the coffee is from Brazil.A.They are shopping.B.They are jogging.C.They are seeing a movie.D.They are drinking coffee.五、Section B(总题数：3，分
38、数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.They are leading in the game.B.The score is really close.C.The Dream Team is way behind.D.They win the game.A.Its made up of professional athletes.B.Its made up of college players.C.Its made up of both pro
39、fessional and college players.D.Its made up of young athletes.A.He was injured in a fight and had to leave the game.B.He fought with another player.C.He got in a fight with a fan and was thrown out of the game.D.He led his team to success.A.They drank a special beverage made from Japanese herbs.B.Th
40、ey had uncooked fish the night before the game.C.They had a massage from head to foot to relax their muscles.D.Some players were injured before the game.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The weather will be clear end fine.B.Rain will probably come
41、.C.There will be a fog.D.Fine weather will continue.A.The following day will be fine.B.Fine weather will continue.C.Rainy weather will probably come.D.The rain will stop.A.By studying the signs around them with eyes and brains.B.By changing the weather.C.By controlling the weather.D.By listening to
42、others advice.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To develop a savings plan.B.To set up a bank account.C.To set clear investing goals.D.To work out the budget.A.A wide selection of investments.B.A limited range of stocks.C.A group of low risk bond
43、s and cash.D.A variety of funds.A.Because the market has both up and down years.B.Because you can get bigger guaranteed returns.C.Because 30% returns can be achieved with the right stocks.D.Because you have to weather the storm.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)A few years ago it was (36) to speak of a gen
44、eration gap, a division between young people and their elders. Parents (37) that children did not show them proper respect and (38) , while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? (39) the generation ga
45、p has been around for a long time. Many (40) argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.One important cause of the generation gap is the (41) that young people have to choose their own life styles. In more (42) societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area a
46、s their parents, to marry people that their parents know and (43) of, and often to continue the fatuity occupation. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with (44) In our upwardly mobile society, pare
47、nts often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, (45) Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other.Finally, the speed at which changes take place in
48、our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, (46) . The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)The
