1、大学六级-1432 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.有些人认为遗传因素起决定作用；2也有人认为环境影响作用更大；3你的观点。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Suggestions for Improving Reading SpeedImprovement of Reading RateIt is safe to say that almost anyone can double his or her speed of reading whil
2、e maintaining equal or even better comprehension. In other words, you can improve the speed with which you get what you want from your reading.The average college student reads between 250 and 350 words per minute on fiction and non-technical materials. A “good“ reading speed is around 500 to 700 wo
3、rds per minute, but some people can read 1,000 words per minute or more on these materials.What makes the difference? There are three main factors involved in improving reading speed: (1) the desire to improve, (2) the willingness to try new techniques and (3) the motivation to practice.Learning to
4、read rapidly and well presupposes that you have the necessary vocabulary and comprehension skills. When you have advanced on the reading comprehension materials to a level at which you can understand college-level materials, you will be ready to practice speed reading in earnest.The Role of Speed in
5、 the Reading ProcessUnderstanding the role of speed in the reading process is essential. Research shows a close relation between speed and understanding-although it is the opposite of what you might expect! Among thousands of individuals taking reading training, in most cases an increase in rate was
6、 accompanied by an increase in comprehension and a decrease in rate brought decreased comprehension with it. It appears that plodding or word-by-word analysis inhibits rather than increases understanding.Most adults are able to increase their reading rate considerably and rather quickly without lowe
7、ring their comprehension. These same individuals usually show a decrease in comprehension when they reduce their rate. Such results, of course are heavily dependent upon the method used to gain the increased rate. Simply reading more rapidly without actual improvement in basic reading habits usually
8、 results in lowered comprehension.Factors that Reduce Reading RateSome of the factors which reduce reading rate:1. Limited perceptual span (word-by-word reading);2. Slow perceptual reaction time (slow recognition and response to the material)3. Vocalization (reading aloud)4. Faulty eye movements (in
9、cluding inaccuracy in placement of the page, in return sweep, in rhythm and regularity of movement, etc.);5. Regression (needless or unconscious re-reading)6. Faulty habits of attention and concentration (including simple inattention during the reading act and faulty processes of retention)7. Lack o
10、f practice in reading-use it or lose it!8. Fear of losing comprehension, causing the person to deliberately read more slowly;9. Habitual slow reading, in which the person cannot read faster because he or she has always read slowly;10. Poor evaluation of which aspects are important and which are unim
11、portant;11. The effort to remember everything rather than to remember selectively.Since these conditions also tend to reduce comprehension, increasing the reading rate by eliminating them is likely to produce increased comprehension, too. This is entirely different from simply speeding up the rate o
12、f reading-which may actually make the real reading problem more severe. In addition, forced acceleration may destroy confidence in ones ability to read. The obvious solution, then, is to increase rate as a part of a total improvement of the whole reading process, as special training programs in read
13、ing do.Basic Conditions for Increasing Reading RateA well-planned program prepares for maximum increase in rate by establishing the necessary conditions. Four basic conditions include:1. Have your eyes checked. Often, very slow reading is related to uncorrected eye defects.Before embarking on a spee
14、d reading program, make sure that any correctable eye defects you may have are taken care of.2. Eliminate the habit of pronouncing words as you read. If you sound out words in your throat or whisper them, your reading rate is slowed considerably. You should be able to read most materials at least tw
15、o or three times faster silently than orally, because you can get meaning from phrases without reading each word individually. If you are aware of sounding or “hearing“ words as you read, try to concentrate on key words and meaningful ideas as you force yourself to read faster.3. Avoid regressing (r
16、ereading). The average student reading at 250 words per minute regresses or rereads about 20 times per page. Rereading words and phrases is a habit which will slow your reading speed down to a snails pace. Usually, it is unnecessary to reread words, for the ideas you want are explained and elaborate
17、d more fully later.Furthermore, the slowest reader usually regresses most frequently. Because he reads slowly, his mind has time to wander and his rereading reflects both his inability to concentrate and his lack of confidence in his comprehension skills.4. Develop a wider eye-span. This will help y
18、ou read more than one word at a glance. Since written material is less meaningful if read word by word, this will help you learn to read by phrases or thought units.Rate AdjustmentPoor results are inevitable if the reader attempts to use the same rate for all types of material and for all reading pu
19、rposes. He must learn to adjust his rate to his purpose in reading and to the difficulty of the material. The fastest rate works on easy, familiar, interesting material or in reading to gather information on a particular point; A slower rate is better for material which is unfamiliar in content and
20、language structure or which must be thoroughly digested. The effective reader adjusts his rater the ineffective reader always uses the same.Rate may be adjusted overall for an entire article, or internally for parts of an article. As an analogy, imagine that you plan to take a 100-mile mountain trip
21、. Since this trip will include hills, curves, and a mountain pass, you estimate it will take three hours for the total trip, averaging about 35 miles an hour. This is your overall rate adjustment. In actual driving, however, you may slow down to no more than 15 miles per hour on some curves and hill
22、s, while speeding up to 50 miles per hour or more on relatively straight and level sections. This is your internal rate adjustment. Similarly, there is no set rate which the good reader follows inflexibly in reading a particular selection, even though he has set himself an overall rate for the total
23、 job.Reading rate should vary according to your reading purpose. To understand information, for example, skim or scan at a rapid rate. To determine the value of material or to read for enjoyment, read rapidly or slowly according to your feeling. To read analytically, read at a moderate pace to permi
24、t you to interrelated ideas.The nature and difficulty of the material also calls for adjustments in rate. Obviously, level of difficulty depends greatly on the particular readers knowledge. While Einsteins theories may be extremely difficult for most laymen, they would be very simple and clear to a
25、professor of physics. Hence, the layman and the physics professor will read the same material at different rates. Generally, difficult material will entail a slower rater simpler material will permit a faster rate. BIn general, decrease speed when you find the following:/B1. Unfamiliar terminology.
26、Try to understand it in context at that point; otherwise, read on and return to it later.2. Difficult sentence and paragraph structure. Slow down enough to enable you to untangle them and get accurate context for the passage.3. Unfamiliar or abstract concepts. Look for applications or examples of yo
27、ur own as well as studying those of the writer. Take enough time to get them clearly in mind.4. Detailed, technical material. This includes complicated directions, statements of difficult principles, and materials on which you have scant background.5. Material on which you want detailed retention.In
28、 general, Increase speed when you meet the following:1. Simple material with few ideas which are new to you. Move rapidly over the familiar ones; spend most of your time on the unfamiliar ideas.2. Unnecessary examples and illustrations. Since these are included to clarify ideas, move over them rapid
29、ly when they are not needed.3. Detailed explanation and idea elaboration which you do not need.4. Broad, generalized ideas and ideas which are restatements of previous ones. These can be readily grasped, even with scan techniques.（分数：70.00）(1).A person with a good reading speed usually reads between
30、 250 and 350 words per minute on fiction and non-technical materials.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).If one attempts to remember everything rather than to remember selectively during reading, he/she may have a comparatively slow reading rate.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The writer proposes to use the same rate for all t
31、ypes of material and for all reading purposes.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Knowledgeable people read faster.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).If one has the desire to improve his reading speed, the motivation to practice and, he may improve his reading speed.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).A precondition for a reader to learn to read
32、 rapidly and well is that he must have the necessary _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Different from what most people expect, the research shows that an increase in reading rate may lead to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).To avoid destroying confidence in ones ability to read, one should speed up the rate of reading as
33、apart of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Rereading of a slow reader reflects both his _ and his lack of confidence in his comprehension skills.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).An effective reader usually adjusts his rate to his purpose in reading and to the difficulty of the material while an ineffective reader always _.
34、（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.That he not tutor students.B.That he work on improving his languages skills.C.That he work as a tutor to pay his tuition.D.That he try to fi
35、nd a job in Italy.A.To act as an interpreter.B.To check the patient as a doctor.C.To work as nurse in the hospital.D.To chat with the patient.A.He thinks the woman is right.B.He thinks it better to post the card earlier.C.He is sure the card will be delayed.D.He thinks a delay is impossible.A.In a c
36、afeteria.B.At a zoo.C.At an art museum.D.On a college campus.A.The woman is afraid of thunderstorms.B.The man works for a good roofing company.C.The roof of the womans house needs repairing.D.The mans roof is leaking and he asks the woman to help him.A.He thinks that the salesman was realistic.B.He
37、thinks that the salesman exaggerated his part.C.He thinks that the salesman was not dramatic enough.D.He thinks that the salesman played his part well.A.March 3rd.B.March 29th.C.March 12th.D.March 30th.A.He should sit in the smoking section.B.He should ask the stewardess for help.C.He should move to
38、 another part of the plane.D.He should extinguish his cigarette at once.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.More than 20 minutes.B.More than 18 minutesC.Less than 6 minutes.D.Less than 12 minutes.A.She is an artist.B.She is a tourist.C.She is a staff of t
39、he Museum.D.She is the owner of a restaurant.A.For its cheap price.B.For its authentic decoration.C.For its quiet environment.D.For its tasty food.A.By taxi.B.By bus.C.By subway.D.By bicycle.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you hove just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Teacher and student.B.Mother
40、 and son.C.Classmates.D.Brother and sisterA.Warm-hearted, self-disciplined, patient.B.Hot-tempered, diligent, kind.C.Easy-going, warm-hearted, stubborn.D.Self-centered, hard-working, considerate.A.He spends much school time playing computer games.B.He often dozes off in class.C.He doesnt take the as
41、signments seriously.D.He plays computer games because the textbooks are dull and lectures are boring.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Red.B.Yellow.C.White.D.Blue.A.The 2000 Olympic Games.B.The Euro 2004 international soc
42、cer contest.C.The 2006 Olympic Games.D.Both ) and ).A.Aggression.B.Ambition.C.Danger.D.Vigor.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Campus facilities for international students.B.Optional courses for international students.C.Activities on and off campu
43、s for international students.D.Accommodation choices for international students.A.Keeping their dormitory clean.B.Their behavior in the dormitory.C.The furniture in the dormitory.D.The public facilities in the dormitory.A.Traveling in a car to the campus.B.No housework to do.C.Some freedom of choosi
44、ng a roommate.D.Arrange the furniture at will.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The population of elderly people.B.Nuclear weapon.C.Violence in crime.D.Living standards.A.Growth of violence on TV.B.Destructive threat from nuclear explosives.C.De
45、creasing of moral standards.D.All of the above.A.People are more destructive.B.People are more selfish.C.People do what they preach now.D.People do not have moral principles to follow now.A.Indifferent.B.Surprised.C.Worried.D.Confident.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Stress is the “wear and tear“ our bod
46、ies experience as we (36) to our changing environment. As a (37) influence, stress can help us take action. As a (38) influence, it can lead to health problems such as (39) . insomma, ulcers, high blood pressure and heart disease.Our goal is not to eliminate stress but to learn how to (40) it and ho
47、w to use it to help us. (41) stress may make us feel bored; on the other hand. (42) stress may make us feel tied up in knots. What we need to do is to find the optimal level of stress which will (43) but not overwhelm ns.There is no single level of stress that is optimal for all people. (44) . Moreo
48、ver, our personal stress requirements and the amount which we can tolerate changes with our ages.It has been revealed that most illness is related to unrelieved stress. (45) There are many sources of stress, and there are many possibilities for its management. Here are three principles as to how to manage stress:1. (46) 2. Recognize what you can change.3. Reduce the intensity of your emotional reactions to stress.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
