1、大学六级-1417 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 举例说明水对人类的重要性2. 举例说明我国所面临的水资源问题3. 为了生存和发展人们要（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Pollution: A Life and Death IssueOne of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earths environmental crises rein
2、force one another. Pollution is an obvious example-we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky- clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it
3、 is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess in the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldw
4、ide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Ea
5、ch year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal(痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water.Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used
6、 for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.Chronic ProblemChemicals are a frequent p
7、ollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 7-20% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build u
8、p in the body, especially in the young, says we may “be conducting a large-scale experiment with childrens health“.Some man-made chemicals, endocrine(内分泌) disruptors like phthalates(酞酸盐) and nonylphenol-a breakdown product of spermicides (杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents-are blamed for causing change
9、s in the genitals, of some animals. Affected species include polar bears-so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 are thought neve
10、r to have been comprehensively tested for their possible risks to people.At first glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the comer of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor communitys fight against oil companies which they say are res
11、ponsible for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is comi
12、ng from the plants.In South Africa, as m many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that
13、industries on their doorsteps are making them sick.Trade-offBut the snag is that modern society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-o
14、ffs to be made.The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria(疟疾). Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it h
15、as caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise bet
16、ween neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate change-the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.For One and AllOne of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple-the polluter pays. Sometimes
17、 it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing prod
18、ucts to be recycled or even just to last longer.Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.We now think that is too
19、 risky because, as one author wrote, “theres no such place as away, and theres no such person as the other .“Irritating AirDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durbans Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U.S. university,
20、found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma (哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers wer
21、e unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school population.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it
22、 would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant.Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engens stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. “We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional
23、grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in the constitution,“ he said.Legislative ChangeA new batch (批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 196
24、5 legislation with tighter controls and tougher sanctions.Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. “I share the anger and frustration of this community.
25、It is long overdue,“ he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.The local authorities have also established a “Multi-Point Plan“ for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.（分数：70.00）(1).Accor
26、ding to World Health Organization, how many people are killed by outdoor air pollution?A 3 million C 1.6 millionB 2.1 million D 3.2 million（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Land can be polluted by _ from agriculture.A heavy metals C slurry from livestockB pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizers D rubbish（分数：7.00
27、）A.B.C.D.(3).What kind of animal affected by man-made chemicals is not referred in the passage?A Polar bears. C People.B Mammals. D Birds.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do local residents claim for?A They are sick because of years of pollution. C They are sick because of pesticides from agriculture.B The
28、y are sick because of industries on their doorsteps. D They are sick because of air pollution.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The pesticide DDT can be effective against _.A malaria C animalsB wildlife D human nervous system（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).There is a U. N. convention that can cover _.A problem between neig
29、hbors C problems on air pollutionB problem between states which do not share a border D trans-boundary air pollution（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves?A Throw less away. C Dont use it again.B Design recycled products. D Last longer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).I
30、t found that increases in air pollution tended to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Bobby Peck, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affa
31、irs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Mary is worthy of the prize.B.M
32、ary has granted the prize.C.Mary fails in the speech contest.D.The man doesnt think Mary deserves the prize.A.Driving a car.B.Taking a taxi.C.Taking a train.D.Going by subway.A.He dislikes museums and galleries.B.He does not care about the weather.C.Going to the beach is the best choice.D.He doesnt
33、want to go to Washington.A.She wants to live in the suburbs.B.She is offended by her naughty children.C.She disagrees with father.D.She turns a deaf ear to her husbands words.A.Call her after five.B.Make calls from her phone.C.Go to the meeting with her.D.Fix his phone.A.Husband and wife.B.Teacher a
34、nd student.C.Policeman and driver.D.Mother and son.A.At the library.B.At the airport.C.At the post office.D.At the teachers office.A.He is good at drawing pictures.B.He likes pictures very much.C.He likes visiting the art museum very much.D.He thinks the art museum is a very quiet place.Questions 19
35、 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.An alien spacecraft landing.B.The impact of a meteorite.C.A volcanic eruption.D.The blizzard conditions in Alaska.A.Seeing a falling round object,B.Hearing a bird-like sound.C.Observing a bright light.D.Witnessing the impact.A.The
36、dinosaurs went extinct.B.A number of meteorites crashed into Earth.C.Some animal species evolved.D.Some plants went extinct.A.Discovering new life in space.B.Studying meteorites.C.Plotting the courses of asteroids.D.Developing radar telescopes.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you hav
37、e just heard.（分数：21.00）A.It offers really good coffee.B.It has live music every Saturday night.C.Its near the theater.D.You can see a movie there.A.Its overpriced.B.It makes people crazy.C.Its different from other coffee houses coffee.D.All the coffee is from Brazil.A.They are shopping.B.They are jo
38、gging.C.They are seeing a movie.D.They are drinking coffee.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.They are leading in the game.B.The score is really close.C.The Dream Team is way behind.D.They win the game.A.Its made up of professional
39、athletes.B.Its made up of college players.C.Its made up of both professional and college players.D.Its made up of young athletes.A.He was injured in a fight and had to leave the game.B.He fought with another player.C.He got in a fight with a fan and was thrown out of the game.D.He led his team to su
40、ccess.A.They drank a special beverage made from Japanese herbs.B.They had uncooked fish the night before the game.C.They had a massage from head to foot to relax their muscles.D.Some players were injured before the game.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The
41、weather will be clear and fine.B.Rain will probably come.C.There will be a fog.D.Fine weather will continue.A.The following day will be fine.B.Fine weather will continue.C.Rainy weather will probably come.D.The rain will stop.A.By studying the signs around them with eyes and brains.B.By changing the
42、 weather.C.By controlling the weather.D.By listening to others advice.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To develop a savings plan.B.To set up a bank account.C.To set clear investing goals.D.To work out the budget.A.A wide selection of investments.B.A limited
43、 range of stocks.C.A group of low risk bonds and cash.D.A variety of funds.A.Because the market has both up and down years.B.Because you can get bigger guaranteed returns.C.Because 30% returns can be achieved with the right stocks.D.Because you have to weather the storm.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)A
44、few years ago it was (36) to speak of a generation gap, a division between young people and their elders. Parents (37) that children did not show them proper respect and (38) , while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation ga
45、p suddenly appeared? (39) the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many (40) argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.One important cause of the generation gap is the (41) that young people have to choose their own life styles. In more (42) societies, when children grow up, t
46、hey are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and (43) of, and often to continue the family occupation. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with
47、 (44) .In our upwardly mobile society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, (45) . Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other.Final
48、ly, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, (46) . The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)The bacteria that cause a common food-borne illness
