1、大学六级-1409 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.大学生出去旅行经常会选择“自助游”2分析大学生选择“自助游”的原因3我的看法Self-help Traveling of College Students_（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Scientists Worry Machines May Outsmart ManA robot that can open doors and find electrical outlets to rec
2、harge itself. Computer viruses that no one can stop. “Predator“ fighters, which, though still controlled remotely by humans, come close to a machine that can kill autonomously.Impressed and alarmed by advances in artificial intelligence, a group of computer scientists is debating whether there shoul
3、d be limits on research that might lead to loss of human control over computer-based systems that carry a growing share of societys workload, from waging war to chatting with customers on the phone.Their concern is that further advances could create profound social disruptions and even have dangerou
4、s consequences.As examples, the scientists pointed to a number of technologies as diverse as experimental medical systems that interact with patients to simulate sympathy, and computer worms and viruses that defy extermination (消灭) and could thus be said to have reached a “cockroach“ stage of ma chi
5、ne intelligence.While the computer scientists agreed that we are a long way from Hal, the computer that took over the spaceship in “2001: A Space Odyssey,“ they said there was legitimate concern that technological progress would transform the work force by destroying a widening range of jobs, as wel
6、l as force humans to learn to live with machines that increasingly copy human behaviors.The researchersleading computer scientists, artificial intelligence researchers and roboticists who met at the Asilomar Conference Grounds on Monterey Bay in Californiagenerally dismissed the possibility of highl
7、y centralized superintelligences and the idea that intelligence might spring spontaneously from the Internet. But they agreed that robots that can kill autonomously are either already here or will be soon.They focused particular attention on the specter that criminals could exploit artificial intell
8、igence systems as soon as they were developed. What could a criminal do with a speech synthesis system that could disguise as a human being? What happens if artificial intelligence technology is used to mine personal information from smart phones?The researchers also discussed possible threats to hu
9、man jobs, like self-driving cars, software based personal assistants and service robots in the home. Just last month, a service robot developed by Willow Garage in Silicon Valley proved it could navigate the real world.A report from the conference, which took place in private on Feb.25, is to be iss
10、ued later this year. Some attendees discussed the meeting for the first time with other scientists this month and in interviews.The conference was organized by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (A.A.A.I.), and in choosing Asilomar for the discussions, the group purposefu
11、lly evoked a landmark event (里程碑式事件) in the history of science. In 1975, the worlds leading biologists also met at Asilomar to discuss the new ability to reshape life by swapping genetic material among organisms. Concerned about possible biohazards and ethical questions, scientists had halted certai
12、n experiments. The conference led to guidelines for recombinant DNA research, enabling experimentation to continue.The meeting on the future of artificial intelligence was organized by Eric Horvitz, a Microsoft researcher who is now president of the association.Dr. Horvitz said he believed computer
13、scientists must respond to the notions of superintelligent machines and artificial intelligence systems run amok (横行).The idea of an “intelligence explosion“ in which smart machines would design even more intelligent machines was proposed by the mathematician I.J.Good in 1965. Later, in lectures and
14、 science fiction novels, the computer scientist Vernor Vinge popularized the notion of a moment when humans will create smarter-than-human machines, causing such rapid change that the “human era will be ended.“ He called this shift the Singularity.This vision, embraced in movies and literature, is s
15、een as plausible and unnerving by some scientists like William Joy, co-founder of Sun Microsystems. Other technologists, notably Raymond Kurzweil, have welcome the coming of ultrasmart machines, saying they will offer huge advances in life extension and wealth creation.“Something new has taken place
16、 in the past five to eight years,“ Dr. Horvitz said. “Technologists are providing almost religious visions, and their ideas are resonating in some ways with the same idea of the Rapture.“The Kurzweil version of technological utopia has captured imaginations in Silicon Valley. This summer an organiza
17、tion called the Singularity University began offering courses to prepare a “cadre“ to shape the advances and help society cope with the complications.“My sense was that sooner or later we would have to make some sort of statement or assessment, given the rising voice of the technorati and people ver
18、y concerned about the rise of intelligent machines,“ Dr. Horvitz said.The A.A.A.I. report will try to assess the possibility of “the loss of human control of computer-based intelligences.“ It will also grapplez (抓住), Dr. Horvitz said, with socioeconomic, legal and ethical issues, as well as probable
19、 changes in human-computer relationships. How would it be, for example, to relate to a machine that is as intelligent as your spouse?Dr. Horvitz said the panel was looking for ways to guide research so that technology im proved society rather than moved it toward a technological catastrophe. Some re
20、search might, for instance, be conducted in a high-security laboratory.The meeting on artificial intelligence could be vital to the future of the field. Paul Berg, who was the organizer of the 1975 Asilomar meeting and received a Nobel Prize for chemistry, in 1980, said it was important for scientif
21、ic communities to engage the public before alarm and op position becomes unshakable.“If you wait too long and the sides become entrenched like with G.M.O.,“ he said, referring to genetically modified foods, “then it is very difficult. Its too complex, anti people talk right past each other.“Toni Mit
22、chell, a professor of artificial intelligence and machine learning at Carnegie Mellon University, said the February meeting had changed his thinking. “I am very. optimistic about the future of A.I. and thinking that Bill Joy and Ray Kurzweil were far off in their predictions,“ he said. But, he added
23、, “The meeting made me want to be more outspoken about these issues and in particular be outspoken about the vast amounts of data collected about our personal lives.“Despite his concerns, Dr. Horvitz said he was hopeful that artificial intelligence research would benefit humans, and perhaps even com
24、pensate for human failings. He recently demonstrated a voice-based system that he designed to ask patients about their symptoms and to respond with sympathy. When a mother said her child was having diarrhea, the face on the screen said, “Oh no, sorry to hear that.“A physician told him afterward that
25、 it was wonderful that the system responded to human emotion. “Thats a great idea,“ Dr. Horvitz said he was told. “I have no time for that./（分数：70.00）(1).A group of scientists is debating whether there should be limits on research of _.（分数：7.00）A.robots for civil useB.military computersC.artificial
26、intelligenceD.biochemical weapons(2).When computer viruses reach the “cockroach“ stage of machine intelligence, the viruses _.（分数：7.00）A.become diversifiedB.become infectiousC.are easily destroyedD.are difficult to kill(3).The researchers who met at the Asilomar Conference Grounds agreed that robots
27、 will soon _.（分数：7.00）A.be smarter than human beingsB.be able to control themselvesC.be more popular than the InternetD.be able to take over all our work(4).Researchers assumed that self-driving cars may be a threat to _.（分数：7.00）A.the transportation industryB.our safety on the roadC.vehicle product
28、ionD.our employment(5).Asilomar has been regarded as a landmark in the history of science since the worlds leading biologists met there to discuss _.（分数：7.00）A.genetic issuesB.world peaceC.artificial intelligenceD.the origin of life(6).Who used the term Singularity to refer to the era when human bei
29、ngs are replaced?（分数：7.00）A.A mathematician.B.A computer scientist.C.A science-fiction writer.D.A computer entrepreneur.(7).Raymond Kurzweil thinks that ultrasmart machines are _.（分数：7.00）A.unimaginableB.life-threateningC.advantageousD.unacceptable(8).Some research might be conducted in a high-secur
30、ity laboratory in order to avoid _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Before the February meeting, Tom Mitchell had been _ about the future of A.1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Dr. Horvitz recently demonstrated a voice based system that could show _ to patients.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A
31、(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.She is not a very famous actress.B.She is not very much tempted by big money.C.She has no idea of how to make advertisements.D.She is not so fortunate as other actresses.A.He does not have a good hearing.B.He has been driving madly for a year.C.He never takes what she says serious
32、ly.D.He is always impatient with her.A.She is worried about the errors made.B.She has been doing things in a correct way.C.She needs someone to lend her a hand.D.She is still searching for directions.A.The woman should apply for the advertised job.B.The woman can help him with his work in the next t
33、wo weeks.C.He is the right person to help her to post an ad.D.He can find a better paying job for the woman.A.She is stubborn.B.She is lonely.C.She is not easy-going.D.She is hopeless.A.Todays seminar was too badly scheduled.B.Both speakers are enthusiastic about the seminars.C.Next weeks seminar is
34、 on a different topic.D.There will be two seminars in the next week.A.Its dull.B.Its exciting.C.Its simple.D.Its complicated.A.$2.75.B.$1.25.C.$1.50.D.$3.9.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Looking for a person to talk to.B.Working on a troublemaking ta
35、lking.C.Trying to understand the two genders.D.Trying to understand friendship between women.A.Enthusiastic.B.Doubtful.C.Peaceful.D.Cautious.A.An effective tool to help form womens friendship.B.A way to understand friends.C.An access that a woman can express her troubles.D.An effective way to achiev
36、e something from womens friends.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.He keeps forgetting the important things he has to do.B.He has great difficulty remembering Korean words.C.He cant find the most helpful Korean dictionary.D.His pronunciation of Korean wo
37、rds confuses others.A.His poor memory.B.His fatigue.C.His lack of diligence.D.His method.A.Because theyre quite impressive with a strong effect.B.Because they are not so frustrating as other expressions.C.Because they are practiced and repeated once and again.D.Because they are most peoples favorite
38、 words.A.Try to retain as many new words as possible.B.Practice words at appropriate intervals.C.Learn difficult words with the highest frequencies.D.Make complicated words simply through repetition.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard
39、.（分数：21.00）A.How important money is in their day-to-day life.B.How one spends money shows what is important to him.C.Money is more important than their philosophy of life.D.Their understanding of life is more important than money.A.To test the strength of friendship.B.To bring friends even closer.C.
40、To know more people who are in need.D.To make your friends feel they are helpful.A.Money is proof of ones value.B.Money is a means instead of an end.C.Making more money is meaningless.D.Money can give great happiness.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.0
41、0）A.Languages people use in international communication.B.The popularity of English as a world language.C.The development of English as a native language.D.The variety of English in spoken and written forms.A.How many native speakers it had in Shakespeares time.B.The number of people with an adequat
42、e working knowledge of it.C.The situations where a common language is needed.D.The purposes for people to learn a second language.A.Because they were forced to do so by the British government.B.Because it best serves the needs of its native speakers.C.Because it is the easiest language for internal
43、and international communication.D.Because with multilingual populations they need it for internal communication.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.It changed the source of music.B.It changed the source of TV programs.C.It changed the way to appre
44、ciate both music and TV programs.D.It changed peoples opinion on traditional broadcast television.A.On iPod you can watch all TV programs of ABC.B.Two ABC hits are available on iPod.C.The iPod will join digital video recorders and DVDs.D.The iPod began to produce its own programs.A.To some extent it
45、s audience will decrease.B.The programs on iPod are more attractive than those of ABC.C.The audience will choose traditional broadcast television on iPod.D.The audience will get bored with the wide-screen television.A.The movie fans who are interested in ABC hits.B.The iPod users who are big movie f
46、ans at the same time.C.Those who cant follow the regular schedule of the ABC hits.D.Leon Long, chairman of ABC and his staff.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Some students are not adequately prepared for college. Should we turn them away? (36) them? Or modify our product? Americans must be (37) of their a
47、bility and responsibility to continue to learn throughout their working lives and, although I hesitate to repeat a point so (38) made by others, they must also be taught a body of basic skills. Our industry does our nation no service by (39) unprepared students or by turning out (40) graduates. Thes
48、e people must be taught. If they are not yet ready to learn the lessons we have pre pared, should we not (41) and expand those lessons? Here is yet another argument for offering the new first degree. It would provide a legitimate program for students who are not yet prepared to go for the (42) degre
49、e.As our industry grows in responsibility, (43) , and productivity, should we not change our production schedule? (44) , yet we are no longer a nation of farmers; we no longer have any reason to end the academic year in May or June. (45) , then we are going to have to operate six days a week, year round. We should go to full-time operation (4
