1、大学六级-1385 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.上图所示为中国近几年的科学创新情况，请描述其变化2.请说明发生这变化的原因3.对此进行预测（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)What Will We Do for WorkI believe that 90% of white-collar jobs in the U. S. will be either destroyed or altered beyond recognition in th
2、e next 10 to 15 years. Thats a catastrophic prediction, given that 90% of us are engaged in white-collar work of one sort or another. Even most manufacturing jobs these days are connected to such white-collar services as finance, human resources and engineering.I talked to an old London loader some
3、time back. He allowed that in 1970 it took 108 guys about five days to unload a timber ship. Then came containerization. The comparable task today takes eight folks one day. That is, a 98.5% reduction in man-days, from 540 total to just eight.This time the productivity aims to reconstructmake that d
4、econstructthe white-collar world. In fact, I see a five-sided movement that will bring to my apparently fantastic “90% in 10 years“ prediction.FIRST the Destructive Nature of the Current Flavor of Competition, Dotcom Company.Sure, most will fail. But the survivors will exert enormous pressurefast! o
5、n the Big Guys. When an Amazon or a Charles Schwab moves into your neighborhood, youve got moments to react. Or take king entrepreneur Jim Clark of Netscape fame. His latest venture, Healtheon/WebMD, intends to squeeze hundreds of billions of dollars of waste out of the health-care system. These new
6、 firms aim to create nothing less than havoc in the theaters in which they operate.SECOND Enterprise Software.Its a name for the tools that will hook up every aspect of a businesss innards internal organspersonnel, production, sales, accountingand then hook up all that hooked-up stuff to the rest of
7、 the “family“ of suppliers and the suppliers suppliers and wholesalers and retailers and end users.They are your nightmare, these “white-collar robots.“ The complex products from German software giant SAP will do to your companys internal organs exactly what robots and containerization did to the bl
8、ue-collar world in 1960. Installing these tools is not easy. The technical part is distressing; the politics are dreadful. When the blue-collar robots arrived, the unions revolted against it. This time its management official who are opposing technological change. Why? These tools threaten their com
9、fortable status, carefully crafted over several generations.But the robots did come. And they triumphed.THIRD Outsourcing.M. I. T.s No. 1 computer professor, Michael Dertouzos, said India could easily boost its GDP by a trillion dollars in the next few years performing secret white-collar tasks for
10、Western companies. He guessed that 50 million jobs from the white-collar West could go south to India, whose population hit 1 billion last week. The average annual salary for each of those 50 million new Indian workers: $20,000.FOURTH the Web.Ford, GM and DaimlerChrysler announce a rare combination.
11、 They will link all their tens of thousands of suppliers into a single, Internet-based network. This entity will include $250 billion annually of suppliers products(and perhaps an additional $500 billion of those suppliers products). In short, every penny of waste will be compressed from the huge pr
12、ocurement system. The order cycle will speed up dramatically. Medibuy aims for the same hat trick in medical supplies, Digital Think in training, Car Station in the auto-body-shop world. This is the white-hot world of B2B(business to business)electronic commerce, which will soon encompass trillions
13、of dollars in transactions.FIFTH Time Compression.It took 37 years for the radio to get to 50 million homes. The Web got there in four. Hence my belief that while it took about a century to revolutionize blue-collar job practices, this brave new white-collar social system will be mostly installed in
14、 a tenth of that time10 years.Each of these five forces is fact, not image. Each influences the others multiplicatively. Therefore I am unwilling to withdraw my predictions about the power of the white-collar storm bearing down on us. Upsetting madness is in process. These forces are liberating. Blu
15、e-collar robots work out of factory and warehouse. The same will happen to white-collar work. My dad did it for 41 years at the Baltimore Gas it can be a (42) challenge to the professors authority; or it can be something else (43) .(44) , we need not only know (45) . In other words, if we want to co
16、mmunicate with people of other cultures more successfully, we need not only be able to use the verbal language appropriately, but also be able to use (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：4
17、5.00)Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Personality is to a large extent inherentA type parents usually bring about a type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major fact or in t
18、he lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making child
19、ren compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Philippines, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds aft
20、er saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!“By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition i
21、n the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the
22、 preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is sur
23、ely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged.（分数：45.00）(1).Beside inherence, personality is also deeply affected by_.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(2).Person who has A characteristics is_.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(3).What was disagreed to in schools by the au
24、thor?（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(4).Why is top management of school to fit a childs personality?（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(5).According to the passage Bs characteristic is suggested to be_.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_九、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Directions:(总题数：1，分数：44.50)Many things about language are a mystery, and many will alway
25、s remain so. But some things we do know.First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one another. Furthermore, in historical times, there
26、has never been a race of men without a language.Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have
27、 been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of no
28、ises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive than English and Gree
29、k.A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages that do
30、 not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of
31、 any language.（分数：44.50）(1).In the second paragraph the author thinks that_.（分数：8.90）A.some backward race doesnt have a language of its ownB.some race in history didnt possess a language of its ownC.any human race, whether backward or not, has a languageD.some races on earth can communicate without
32、language(2).According to the author, people of underdeveloped cultures can have_ languages.（分数：8.90）A.complicatedB.uncivilizedC.primitiveD.well-known(3).The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are_.（分数：8.90）A.just as old as some well-known languagesB.just as sop
33、histicated as some well-known languagesC.more developed than some well-known languagesD.more complex than some well-known languages(4).Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?（分数：8.90）A.A language is a means of expressing a particular cultureB.All languages can well express their respective c
34、ulturesC.American Indian languages are as sophisticated as EnglishD.Some languages are better than other languages(5).According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in_.（分数：8.90）A.grammarB.pronunciationC.vocabularyD.intonation十一、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：44.50)In the atmosphere, carbo
35、n dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirrorthe glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the suns rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3 warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at th
36、e present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resu
37、lting in an alteration of the chief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may b
38、e affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming h
39、as taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The quest
40、ion is: Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold“ spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days, it presents ho
41、tter or colder faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down
42、 in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models or solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new
43、Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earths climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the suns di
44、minishing heat.（分数：44.50）(1).The article was written to explain_.（分数：8.90）A.the greenhouse effectB.the solar effects on the earthC.the models of solar weather interactionsD.the causes affecting weather(2).It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would_.（分数：8.90）A.
45、prevent the suns rays from reaching the earths surfaceB.mean a warming up in the ArcticC.account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphereD.raise the temperature of the earths surface(3).Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to
46、 be falling. This is _.（分数：8.90）A.mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risingB.possibly because the ice caps in the poles are meltingC.exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earths climateD.partly due to variations in the output of solar energy(4).On the basis of their models
47、, scientists are of the opinion that_.（分数：8.90）A.the climate of the world should be becoming coolerB.it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earths climate to take effectC.the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effectD.the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse
48、 effect(5).If the assumption about the delay of a new Ice Age is correct, which of the following statement is true?（分数：8.90）A.the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuelsB.ice would soon cover the northern hemisphereC.the increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could warm up the earth even more quicklyD.the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth十二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：70.00)E
