1、大学六级-1374 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.影响将来事业成功的因素有很多，试举例说明2你对此的看法，并阐述理由（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Organic FoodOrganic farming was among the fastest growing segments of U.S. agriculture during the 1990s. The value of retail. sales of organic food w
2、as estimated to be $16 billion in 2004. According to the Food Marketing Institute, more than half of Americans now buy organic food at least once a month. Why is organic food becoming so popular? What is Organic Food? In December 2000, the National Organic Standards Board of the U.S. Department of A
3、griculture (USDA) established a national standard for the term “organic“. Organic food, defined by how it cannot be made rather than how it can be made, must be produced without the use of sewer-sludge fertilizers, most synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic engineering (biotechnology), growt
4、h hormones, irradiation and antibiotics. A variety of agricultural products can be produced organically, including produce, grains, meat, dairy, eggs, and processed food products.“Organic“ does not mean “natural“. There is no legal definition as to what constitutes a “natural“ food. However, the foo
5、d industry uses the term “natural“ to indicate that a food has been minimally processed and is preservative-free. Natural foods can include organic foods, but not all natural foods are organic. Only foods labeled “organic“ have been certified as meeting USDA organic standards.Organic FarmingThe phra
6、se organic farming first appeared in Lord Northbournes book Look to the Land, published in 1940. But the truth is, organic farming is the oldest form of agriculture. Before the end of World War , farming without the use of petroleum-based chemicals (synthetic fertilizers and pesticides) was the only
7、 option for farmers. Technologies developed during the war were found to be useful for agricultural production. For example, the chemical ammonium nitrate (硝酸铵), which was used as munitions (军需品), became useful as fertilizer, and organophosphates (有机磷酸盐) used for nerve gas were later used as insecti
8、cide.These days, farmers are switching to organic agriculture once again, but now with an ecologically based, systematic approach that includes long-term planning, detailed record keeping and major investment in equipment and supplies. Although it is still only a small industry, the number of organi
9、c farmers is growing by about 12 percent per year and now stands at more than 12,000 nationwide.Organic Farming in the U.S. TodayThe USDAs Economic Research Service reports that in 1997, the latest year for which data are available, farmers in 49 states used organic production methods and thirdVpart
10、y organic certification services on 1.35 million acres out of a total of 828 million acres of farmland. Approximately two-thirds of the certified U.S. organic farmland was used for crops, and one-third was used as pasture.Large farms, mostly located in the Midwest and West, produced processed tomato
11、es, organic wine grapes and other high-value crops on a commercial scale, whereas numerous small farms, concentrated in the Northeast, specialized in mixed vegetable production for direct marketing to consumers and restaurants.While organic food can be found throughout the country, California was th
12、e leader in production of organic fruits and vegetables in 1997, followed closely by Arizona, Florida, Texas, and Washington in decreasing order of total yield. Farmers and ranchers in 23 states raised a small number of certified organic cows, hogs and sheep. New York, Wisconsin and Minnesota were t
13、he top producers of organic dairy cows.Production: Organic vs. ConventionalAs you can imagine, organic agricultural practices are quite distinct from those of “conventional“ fanning.Organic farmers:feed soil and build soil matter with natural fertilizer to grow their crops use insect predators, mati
14、ng disruption, traps and barriers to protect crops from pests and disease make use of crop rotation, mechanical tillage and hand-weeding, as well as cover crops, mulches, flame weeding and other management methods to control weed growth.As a last resort, organic farmers may apply certain botanical o
15、r other non-synthetic pesticides. Conventional farmers:,apply chemical fertilizers to the soil to grow their crops spray with insecticides to protect crops from pests and disease use synthetic herbicides to control weed growth.How Do I Know if a Food is Organic? Look for the word “organic“ on vegeta
16、bles or pieces of fruit, or on the sign above the organic produce display. The word “organic“ may also appear on packages of meat, cartons of milk or eggs, cheese and other single-ingredient foods. Foods labeled “100 percent organic“ must contain only organic ingredients. Products containing at leas
17、t 70 percent organic content can be labeled “made with organic ingredients“. Those foods labeled simply “organic“ must have at least 95 percent organic ingredients, by weight or fluid volume, excluding water and salt. Anyone who knowingly sells or labels a product “organic“ that is not produced and
18、handled in accordance with these regulations can face a civil penalty of up to $10,000.Foods grown and processed according to the federal standards will in most cases bear the seal “USDA Organic“. As its use is voluntary, companies may choose not to display the seal.Why Should I Care if a Food is Or
19、ganic? According to the USDA, organic food production allows farmers to lower input costs, decrease reliance on nonrenewable resources, capture high-value markets and premium prices, and boost farm income. Organic agriculture also has many important environmental, benefits:It promotes sustainability
20、 by establishing an ecological balance to prevent soil fertility or pest problems. In the long run, organic farms tend to conserve energy and protect the environment by maintaining ecological harmony.It enhances biodiversity, or the presence of multiple plant and animal species. Having a highly dive
21、rse genetic pool becomes useful in the future when beneficial characteristics can be tapped.Because organic agriculture utilizes practices such as crop rotations, inter-cropping, symbiotic associations, cover crops and minimum tillage, the length of time that the soil is exposed to erosive forces is
22、 decreased, which minimizes nutrient losses and boosts soil productivity. By not using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, organic agriculture-reduces pollution of groundwater.Organic agriculture helps to minimize the greenhouse effect and global warming through its ability to keep carbon in the s
23、oil.Why is Organic Food So Expensive? Prices tend to be higher for organic titan conventional products. As stated on the Web site of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), certified organic products are generally, more expensive than their conventional counterparts b
24、ecause:The organic food supply is limited as compared to demand. Production costs for organic foods are typically higher because of greater labor input and because farmers dont produce enough of a single product to lower the overall cost.Post-harvest handling of relatively small quantities of organi
25、c foods results in higher costs because organic and conventional 0roduce must be separated for processing and transportation.Marketing and the distribution chain for organic products are relatively inefficient, and costs are higher because of relatively small volumes.The FAO also notes that as the d
26、emand for organic food and products increases, technological innovations and economies of scale should reduce costs of production, processing, distribution and marketing for organic produce.Is Organic Food Better than Conventional Food? Organic and conventional food must meet the same quality and sa
27、fety standards. Organic food differs from conventionally produced food simply in the way it is grown, handled, and processed. There is no scientific evidence to suggest that it is more nutritious or safer than conventional food. A recently published report indicates that organic food is less likely
28、to contain pesticide residues than conventional food. Yet, according to the National Research Council, the traces of pesticides left on conventionally grown products are unlikely to cause an increased cancer risk. Also, if fruits and vegetables are properly washed, most of the chemicals can be remov
29、ed. As for taste, thats up to you to decide what you like best. In general, people tend to find that the fresher a food is, the better it tastes, regardless of how it was produced.（分数：70.00）(1).The passage is mainly about the differences between conventional and organic fanning.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).
30、Organic agriculture has become a big industry as more and more farmers are switching to it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Organic food is not necessarily better than conventional food in temps of nutrition, safety or taste.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the FAO, as the demand for organic food and products
31、increases, prices will be lower for organic products than conventional products.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Organic agriculture contributes to slowing down the global temperature increase through its ability to _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Most of the foods grown and processed according to the federal standards
32、will bear the seal _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7)._ are applied in conventional farming for weed control.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).According to the USDA, _ tend to be reduced in organic food production.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The first use of the term organic farming is usually credited to _ in his 1940 book, Look to
33、 the Land.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Different from large organic farms, small organic farms were mainly, engaged in _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Shes having a hard time fo
34、llowing the professors lectures.B.She doesnt like the way the professor lectures.C.She is not interested in the course.D.Shes having difficulty with the heavy reading assignments.A.The man was confused about the date of the appointment.B.The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C.The man
35、is glad hes got in touch with the doctor.D.The man cant come for the appointment at 4:15.A.Wait for him until he finishes his class.B.Invite Judie to play instead.C.Cancel the game and stay at home.D.Go to attend the class with him.A.She was considerate.B.She was unforgiving,C.She was apologetic.D.S
36、he was sympathetic.A.Their parents cut back the loan to them.B.The woman doesnt want to take another English course.C.They cant afford the rent of this month.D.The womans boss refused to give her a raise.A.She doesnt follow the teacher.B.She has been given too much work.C.She has no interest at the
37、beginning.D.She isnt used to English teaching.A.It is totally different this time.B.It has nothing to do with the textbook.C.Most of the questions arent from the textbook.D.Half of the questions are in the textbook.A.He cant afford to buy the ticket.B.He needs a break from the math problem.C.He does
38、nt want to go to the opera.D.Hell meet the woman when he has finished the math problem.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.He keeps forgetting the important things he has to do.B.He has great difficulty remembering Korean words.C.He cant find the most hel
39、pful Korean dictionary.D.His pronunciation of Korean words confuses others.A.His poor memory.B.His fatigue.C.His lack of diligence.D.His method.A.Because theyre quite impressive with a strong effect.B.Because they are not so frustrating as other expressions.C.Because they are practiced and repeated
40、once and again.D.Because they are most peoples favorite words.A.Try to retain as many new words as possible.B.Practice words at appropriate intervals.C.Learn difficult words with the highest frequencies.D.Make complicated words simply through repetition.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversati
41、on you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.She didnt take it to the repair shop at all.B.She decided to throw it away and buy a new one.C.She took it to the repair shop but refused to have it repaired.D.She turned to mechanics for help but they could do nothing with it.A.The traffic is very heavy.B.The bus
42、service is bad.C.The transportation is convenient.D.Few taxis can be seen there.A.She will get him to do his assignment.B.She will help him put his things in order.C.She will complete his homework for him.D.She will tell him how to maintain his car.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26
43、to 28 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.They think exactly the same way.B.They are not physically separated.C.They share most of their vital organs.D.They make decisions by tossing coins.A.Few of them can live long.B.Most of them live a normal life.C.Few of them get along
44、 well with each other.D.Most Of them differ in their likes and dislikes.A.They have a private tutor.B.They go to a regular school.C.They attend a special school.D.They are taught by their parents.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Development
45、of the National FlagB.Power of the National FlagC.Types of FlagsD.Uses of FlagsA.They could tell wind direction.B.They could bring good luck to fighters.C.They were handed down by the ancestors.D.They were believed to stand for natural forces.A.He knows when it was sent to Europe.B.He believes it wa
46、s made in Egypt.C.He thinks it came from China.D.He doubts where it started.A.The role of China in the spread of the national flag.B.The second ancestor of the national flag.C.The use of modern flags in Europe.D.The importance of modern flags.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the conversa
47、tion you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Factors that affect the ability to memorize.B.The influence of childhood memories on adulthood.C.A proposal for future psychological research.D.Benefits of a busy lifestyle,A.The need to exercise the memory.B.How the brain differs from other body tissues.C.The un
48、conscious learning of a physical activity.D.How nerves control body movement.A.Repeat it aloud.B.Write it down.C.Make a mental picture of it.D.Practice recalling it.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)No event has had such a decisive effect in shaping the attitude of the Irish people towards the British as t
49、he Irish Famine. Looking back on the famine, the most (36) fact was that it should ever have reached such (37) . Although the potato crop failed, there was plenty of food left in Ireland, and while thousands died some of it was being (38) . Even if the local organizations for dealing with a crisis of such magnitude were completely (39) more
