1、大学六级-1327 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：1. 车祸发生的时间及地点2. 你所见到的车祸情况3. 你对车祸原因的分析（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Artificial IntelligenceIm sure that Hans Moravec is at least as sane as I am, but he certainly brought to mi
2、nd the classic mad scientist as we sat in his fifth-floor office at Carnegie-Mellon University on a dark and stormy night. It was nearly midnight, and he mixed for each of us a bowl of chocolate milk and Cheerios, with slices of banana piled on top.Then, with banana-slicing knife in hand, Moravec, t
3、he senior research scientist at Carnegie Mellons Mobile Robot Laboratory, outlined for me how he could create a robotic immortality for Everyman, a deathless universe in which life would go on forever. By creating computer copies of our minds and transferring, or downloading, this program into robot
4、ic bodies, Moravec explained, humans could survive for centuries.“You are in an operating room. A robot brain surgeon is in attendance . Your skull but not your brain is anesthetized (麻醉). You are fully conscious. The surgeon opens your braincase and peers inside.“ This is how Moravec described the
5、process in a paper he wrote called “Robots That Rove“. The robotic surgeons attention is directed at a small clump of about one hundred neurons somewhere near the surface. Using high-resolution 3-D nuclear-magnetic-resonance holography, phased-array radio encephalography, and ultrasonic radar, the s
6、urgeon determines the three-dimensional structure and chemical makeup of that neural clump. It writes a program that models the behavior of the clump and starts it running on a small portion of the computer sitting next to you.That computer sitting next to you in the operating room would in effect b
7、e your new brain. As each area of your brain was analyzed and simulated, the accuracy of the simulation would be tested as you pressed a button to shift between the area of the brain just copied and the simulation. When you couldnt tell the difference between the original and the copy, the surgeon w
8、ould transfer the simulation of your brain into the new, computerized one and repeat the process on the next area of your biological brain.“Though you have not lost consciousness or even your train of thought, your mind-some would say soul-has been removed from the brain and transferred to a machine
9、,“ Moravec said, “In a final step your old body is disconnected. The computer is installed in a shiny new one, in the style, color, and material of your choice.“As we sat around Moravecs office I asked what would become of the original human body after the downloading. “You just dont bother waking i
10、t up again if the copying went successfully.“ he said. “Its so messy. Humans have got so many problems that you might just want to leave it retired. You dont take your Junker car out if youve got a new one.“Moravecs idea is the ultimate in life insurance. Once one copy of the brains contents has bee
11、n made, it will be easy to make multiple backup copies, and these could be stashed in hiding places around the world, allowing you to embark on any sort of adventure without having to worry about aging or death. As decades pass into centuries you could travel the globe and then the solar system and
12、beyond-always keeping an eye out for the latest in robotic bodies into which you could transfer your computer mind.If living forever werent enough, you could live forever several times over by activating some of your backup copies and sending different versions of yourself out to see the world. “You
13、 could have parallel experiences and merge the memories later,“ Moravec explained.In the weeks and months that followed my stay at Carnegie-Mellon, I was intrigued by how many researchers seemed to believe downloading would come to pass. The only point of disagreement was when-certainly a big consid
14、eration to those of us still knocking around in mortal bodies. Although some of the researchers I spoke with at Carnegie-Mellon, MIT, and Stanford and in Japan thought that downloading was still generations away, there were others who believed achieving robotic immortality was imminent and seemed dr
15、iven by private passions never to die.The significance of the door Moravec is trying to open is not lost on others. Olin Shivers, a Carnegie-Mellon graduate student who works closely with Moravec as well as with Allen Newell, one of the founding fathers of artificial intelligence, told me, “Moravec
16、wants to design a creature, and my professor Newell wants to design a creature. We are all, in a sense, trying to play God.“At MIT I was surprised to find Moravecs concept of downloading given consideration by Marvin Minsky, Donner Professor of Science and another father of artificial intelligence.
17、Minsky is trying to learn how the billions of brain cells work together to allow a person to think and remember. If he succeeds, it will be a big step toward figuring out how to join perhaps billions of computer circuits together to allow a computer to receive the entire contents of the human mind.“
18、If a person is like a machine, once you get a wiring diagram of how he works, you can make copies,“ Minsky told me.Although Minsky doesnt think hell live long enough to download (hes fifty-seven now), he would consider it. “I think it would be a great thing to do.“ he said, “Ive spent a long time le
19、arning things, and Id hate to see it all go away.“Minsky also said he would have no qualms about waving good-bye to his human body and taking up residence within a robot. “Why not avoid getting sick and things like that?“ he asked. “Its hard to see anything against it. I think people will get fed up
20、 with bodies after a while. Then youll have another population problem: Youll have all the people of the past, as well as the new ones.“Another believer is Danny Hillis, one of Minskys Ph. D students and the founding Scientist of Thinking Machines, a Cambridge-based company that is trying to create
21、the kind of computer that might someday receive the contents of a brain. During my research, several computer scientists would point to Hilliss connection machine as an example of a new order of computer architecture, one thats comparable to the human brain. (Hilliss connection machine doesnt have o
22、ne large central processing unit as other computers do but a network of 64,000 small units-roughly analogous in concept, if not in size, to the brains network of 40 billion neuronal processing units. )“Ive added up the things 1 want to do in my life, and its about fifteen hundred years worth of stuf
23、f,“ Hillis, now twenty-eight, told me one day as we stood out on the sixth-floor sundeck of the Thinking Machines building. “I enjoy having a body as much as anyone else does, but if its a choice between downloading into a computer-even one thats stuck in a room someplace- and still being able to th
24、ink versus just dying, I would certainly take that opportunity to think.“Gerald J. Sussman, a thirty-six-year-old MIT professor and a computer hacker of historic proportions, expressed similar sentiments. “Everyone would like to be immortal. I dont think the time is quite right, but its close. Im af
25、raid, unfortunately, that Im in the last generation to die.“Do you really think that were that close?“ I asked.“Yes,“ he answered, which reminded me of something Moravec had written not too long ago: “We are on a threshold of a change in the universe comparable to the transition from nonlife to life
26、./（分数：70.00）(1).In Moravecs mind, when a robotic immortality is created, life will go on forever.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).A robot brain surgeon anesthetized your brain when he opens your braincase and peers inside.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Moravecs idea of robotic immortality is approved by the author.（分数：7.00
27、）填空项 1:_(4).When your mind was transferred from your brain to a machine, you would your train of thought.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).You could live forever several times over by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).By _ , both Moravec and Professor Newell try to play God.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).If we can join billions of comp
28、uter circuits together like billions of brain cells which work together, then the computer can receive _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).We will have another population problem when people get _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9)._ is the name of a Cambridge-based company that is trying to create the kind of computer which mi
29、ght receive the contents of a brain.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Between the choice of being downloaded into a computer which is stuck in a room but still being able to think and the choice of dying, Hillis will choose the _ one.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)
30、Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Anna, the cook.B.Anna and Linda.C.Anna, Linda and the cook.D.Anna, Linda and the visitor.A.The man.B.The woman.C.Both the man and the woman.D.The woman did while the man didnt.A.On the 6th of December.B.On the 7th of De
31、cember.C.On the 26th of December.D.On the 27th of December.A.The man thinks tile woman is wasting her time.B.The man thinks the woman should make full use of her time.C.The man is eager to know the womans answer.D.The man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry.A.Language courses.B.Universiti
32、es.C.British and American English.D.Literature courses.A.A professor and a student.B.A hotel manager and a tourist.C.A salesman and a customer.D.A store owner and his manager.A.Only Mr. Woods wallet was lost.B.Hell pick up his wallet and identity card at the bank.C.Hell not go to the bank and the po
33、st office.D.Hell pick up his wallet and identity card.A.He wanted to ask the doctor some questions.B.He wanted to see the doctor.C.He wanted to pay the doctor.D.He wanted to see the nurse.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Its crowded with people.B.Its f
34、ull of computers.C.Lunch is being served there.D.Only few people in there.A.Trying to telephone someone.B.Attending a concert.C.Waiting in line.D.Canceling reservations.A.Before breakfast.B.Late morning.C.Mid-afternoon.D.Late evening.A.Talking about if the woman waited in line.B.Exchanging the telep
35、hone numbers.C.Saying hello to each other.D.Talking about their children.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Making friends in a foreign country.B.Spanish and French.C.Foreign TV, radio and other media.D.Learning a foreign language.A.The language laborato
36、ry.B.Travel.C.Studying in high school.D.Going to movies and watching TV.A.Learning knowledge of the language.B.Reading newspapers and magazines of foreign language.C.Communicating with the native people.D.Living in a country where the language is spoken.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestion
37、s 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Begging food from the tourists.B.Attacking the tourists.C.Dropping wastes on the tourists.D.Making loud noise to disturb the tourists.A.Broadcasting frightened sounds of the birds to scare them away.B.Making shooting sounds to scare
38、 the birds away.C.Hiring special workers to drive them away.D.Capturing them and then transporting them away.A.To other European countries.B.To the remote areas and suburbs.C.To the natural parks for birds.D.Back to their nests.A.France.B.Russia.C.Poland.D.Germany.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are b
39、ased on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Hawaii is cooler now.B.The vegetables have become accustomed to the weather in Hawaii.C.They are cheated to believe that they are growing in cool climate.D.They are transgenic vegetables.A.To transport water to higher place.B.To transport vegetable
40、s quickly.C.To bring nutrients to the soil.D.To adjust tile soil temperature.A.Uses of cold sea water.B.Irrigating desert areas.C.Techniques for preserving the environment.D.Techniques of cultivating plants.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.New
41、Fashion in Thailand.B.How to Use Air-conditioner wisely.C.A New Way to Save Energy.D.Air-conditioner in Thailand.A.To wear jackets to work.B.Not to use air-conditioners.C.To wear shirt sleeves.D.To take all measures to conserve energy.A.Wearing jackets is not a custom of, Thailand.B.Wearing shirt sl
42、eeves has become a fashion in Thailand.C.People usually wear jackets to work in Thailand.D.The government has encountered an energy crisis.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The oldest and simplest method, then, of describing differences in personality was to (36) people according to (37) . Such a system is
43、 called a Typology.A famous example of this method was (38) forth in Greece about the year 400B C. A (39) named Hippocrates theorized that there were four (40) , or humors, in the body: blood, (41) bile (胆汁), black bile, and phlegm (粘液). (42) to each humor, there (43) a definite type of personality.
44、A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. (44) Someone with too much yellow bile was irritable and easily angered. (45) . An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to he slow and unfeeling.Other features of people, such as their faces and figures, have
45、 also been used to classify personality. (46) . （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)The government is to give new “job splitting“ grants to employers willing to offer part-time work to pe
46、ople claiming unemployment benefit.The new scheme, which took many union leaders and large employers by surprise last night, will be announced in detail in the autumn. It is intended to cost the taxpayer nothing because of savings in unemployment benefit. The proposal, unveiled last night by Mr. Nor
47、man Tebbit, Secretary of State for Employment, will be in addition to the new Community Programme for the long-term unemployed.Mr. Tebbit said that under the scheme a vacancy could be offered to two unemployed people, one unemployed person and one existing full-time employee.The Employment Secretary
48、 suggested yesterday that workers reaching retirement might find the idea of sharing their job attractive, if pensions could be secured. But he also said that firms might find it attractive to offer one vacancy to two school leavers.Mr. Tebbit claimed that both the schemes would make it possible for more people to “regain the dignity of a job, to remain in wo
