1、大学六级-1291 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前考古正形成热潮2. 分析这股热潮产生的原因3. 你的看法My View on Postgraduate Craze（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Genetically Modified Foods - Feed the World?If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic abou
2、t genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions - and vocal green lobbies - the idea seems against nature.In f
3、act, genetically modified foods are already yew much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops w
4、ill be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.Yet there are clearly some very real issues that, need to be resolved, lake any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy count, des, the debate about biotech
5、is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from - and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?The statistic
6、s on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the worlds population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will be probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the worlds available cultivable land per person is decl
7、ining. Arable land has declined steadily since 1960 and will decrease by half over the next 50 years, according to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA).How can biotech help?Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with
8、beta-carotene(-胡萝卜素)which the body converts into vitamin A - and additional iron, mid they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests, drought, poor soil and c
9、rop viruses, bacteria or fungi (真菌).Damage caused by pests is incredible. The European corn borer, for example, destroys 40 million tons of the worlds corn crops annualy, about 7% of the total. Incorporating pest-resistant genes into seeds can help restore the balance. In trials of pest-resistant co
10、tton in Africa, yields have increased significantly. So far, fears that genetically modified, pest-resistant crops might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded.Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries. Two years ago, Africa lost more than half its cassav
11、a(树薯) crop - a key source of calories - to the mosaic virus. Genetically modified, virus-resistant crops can reduce that damage, as can drought-tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation. Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains ex
12、cess aluminum, which can damage roots and cause many staple-crop failures. A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity(毒性) in rice has been identified.Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25% and help prevent the loss of those cr
13、ops after they are harvested.Yet for all that promise, biotech is far from being the whole answer. In developing countries, lost crops are only one cause of hunger. Poverty plays the largest role. Today more than I billion people around the globe live on less than I dollar a day. Making genetically
14、modified crops available will not reduce hunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if the local population cannot afford to buy the food those farmers produce.Biotech has its own “distribution“ problems. Private-sector biotech companies in the rich countries carry out much of the leading-edge
15、research on genetically modified crops. Their products are often too costly for poor farmers in the developing world, and many of those products wont even reach the regions where they are most needed. Biotech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets first in order to help them
16、rapidly recoup the high costs of product development. But some of these companies are responding to needs of poor countries.More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries. But to increase the impact of genetic research on tile food production of those countries, there is
17、 a need for better collaboration between government agencies - both local and in developed countries - and private biotech firms. The ISAAA, for example, is successfully partnering with the US Agency for International Development, local researches and private biotech companies to find and deliver bi
18、otech solutions for farmers in developing countries.Will “Franken-foods“ feed the world?Biotech is not a panacea(治百病的药), but it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries. If that promise is not fulfilled, the real losers will be their people, who could suffer for years to co
19、me.The world seems increasingly to have been divided into those who favor genetically modified (GM) foods and those who fear them. Advocates assert that growing genetically altered crops can be kinder to the environment and that eating foods from those plants is perfectly safe. And, they say, geneti
20、c engineering - which can induce plants to grow in poor soils or to produce more nutritious foods - will soon become an essential tool for helping to feed the worlds burgeoning(迅速发展的) population. Skeptics contend that genetically modified crops could pose unique risks to the environment and to healt
21、h - risks too troubling to accept placidly. Taking that view, many European countries are restricting the planting and importation of genetically modified agricultural products. Much of the debate hinges on perceptions of safety. But what exactly does recent scientific research say about the hazards
22、?Two years ago in Edinburgh, Scotland, eco-vandals stormed a field, crushing canola plants. Last year in Maine, midnight raiders hacked down more than 3,000 experimental poplar trees. And in San Diego, protesters smashed sorghum and sprayed paint over greenhouse walls.This far-flung outrage took aim
23、 at genetically modified crops. But the protests backfired: all the destroyed plants were conventionally bred. In each case, activists mistook ordinary plants for genetically modified varieties.Its easy to understand why. In a way, genetically modified crops - now on some 109 million acres of farmla
24、nd worldwide - are invisible. You cant see, taste or touch a gene inserted into a plant or sense its effects on the environment. You cant tell, just by looking, whether pollen containing a foreign gene can poison butterflies or fertilize plants miles away. That invisibility is precisely what worries
25、 people. How, exactly, will genetically modified crops affect the environment - and when will we notice?Advocates of genetically modified or transgenic crops say the plants will benefit the environment by requiring fewer toxic pesticides than conventional crops. But critics fear the potential risks
26、and wonder how big the benefits really are. “We have so many questions about these plants,“ remarks Guenther Stotzky, a soil microbiologist at New York University. “Theres a lot we dont know and need to find out.“As genetically modified crops multiply in the landscape, unprecedented numbers of resea
27、rchers have started fanning into the fields to get the missing information. Some of their recent findings are reassuring; others suggest a need for vigilance.（分数：70.00）(1).Majority of people in those countries maintaining a long history of agriculture believe _.（分数：7.00）A.genetically modified crop i
28、s beneficialB.genetically modified crop causes environmental problemsC.high-tech crop is a great benefit to the worldD.genetically modified foods is a heated topic(2).How much genetically modified corn was planted in the US last year?（分数：7.00）A.More than half.B.65 million acres.C.One third.D.Three q
29、uarters.(3).Why is the debate on genetically modified foods more heated in developing countries?（分数：7.00）A.Because they have a rich range of foods.B.Because the supply outstrips the need.C.Because they have to feed fast-growing populations.D.Because the risks outweigh the benefits.(4).According to t
30、he UNs prediction, the growth population from now to 2050 is nearly all in _.（分数：7.00）A.western countriesB.African countriesC.developed countriesD.developing countries(5).Genetically modified crops can help to improve _.（分数：7.00）A.nutrient contents and farming productivityB.beta-carotene contents in
31、 riceC.vitamin A and iron elements in cropD.attribution to resist insects(6).What was the reason that led to the loss of more than half of African main food two years ago?（分数：7.00）A.Drought.B.Toxin in the crop.C.The mosaic virus.D.The barren soil.(7).The most important factor that leads to hunger in
32、 developing countries is _.（分数：7.00）A.lost cropsB.global greenhouse effectC.economic crisisD.poverty(8).Those people and countries which are restricting and opposed to genetically modified plants worry about _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The far-flung outrage destroys fields and plants because they misident
33、ified _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Some people boost genetically modified crops on the condition that these altered plants contain _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.The mans clot
34、hes.B.The mans hairstyle.C.The Santa Anita mall.D.where to shop.A.The man is a visitor and the city is new for him.B.Its forbidden to turn right when the light is red there.C.The woman didnt take drivers license with her.D.The man has already fixed the womans car.A.He will probably get the job.B.He
35、will probably fail.C.The chance is half-and-half.D.He is not satisfied with the offer.A.He likes potatoes very much.B.He doesnt know much about TV.C.He is fond of watching TV.D.He is as fat as a potato.A.He will fly to France.B.He will meet his parents at the airport.C.He will prepare the decoration
36、.D.He will go to a party.A.A Bachelors degree and at least two years of teaching experience.B.A Doctors degree and at least two years of teaching experience.C.A Bachelors degree and at least one year of teaching experience.D.A Doctors degree and at least one year of teaching experience.A.The woman i
37、s going to France.B.The man is from France.C.The woman is going on vacation this winter.D.The man can speak Germany.A.Its the mans birthday today.B.They will have dinner around 6.C.They will go to movies after dinner.D.They will have a party for the man.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversati
38、on you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Computer literacy.B.English literature.C.TOEFL training.D.Chinese culture.A.May 30th.B.June 30th.C.July 30th.D.August 30th.A.Sponsorship form, application fee and high school transcripts.B.Application fee, high school transcripts and language certificates.C.Bank st
39、atement, sponsorship form and language certificates.D.Sponsorship form, application fee and bank statements.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.He wants to know if the interviewer is suitable for the company.B.He wants to know the interviewers personality
40、.C.He wants to know the interviewers former colleagues.D.He wants to know the interviewers skills.A.Try to be very confident in yourself.B.Try to know more about the interviewers.C.Practice an interview with your best friend.D.Go over possible questions that may be asked with some friends.A.Give equ
41、al time to make eye contact with every interviewer.B.Focus all the attention on the question and make little eye contact.C.Focus on the questioner and look at others from time to time.D.Focus on the person who sits in the middle.A.The interviewers in a group interview are there to assess your workin
42、g abilities.B.Your understanding of the job requirements is very important.C.Its not necessary to collect information about the company.D.More attention should be paid to the question other than the interviewers.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you ha
43、ve just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Because he wanted to refuel the bus.B.Because he wanted to have a rest.C.Because he wanted to relieve himself.D.Because he wanted to have a meal.A.The driver.B.Ten-year-old Jake.C.The police.D.The kids on the bus.A.He will be charged with a minor driving violation.B.He will
44、 be put in prison for fifteen days.C.He will be fined a large amount of money.D.He will not be allowed to drive a bus in the county.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Because burning them may cause fire accidents.B.Because burning them may cause ai
45、r pollution.C.Because burning them may cause people out of breath.D.Because burning them may cause water pollution.A.Because they burn very fast.B.Because they have water inside.C.Because people tend to bum them at the same time.D.Because people dont burn them thoroughly.A.Burning them completely.B.
46、Keeping them where they are.C.Changing them into fertilizer.D.Using them to cover lawns.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Because Americans used them very often in the seventeenth century.B.Because England wanted to win the naval competition aga
47、inst the Netherlands.C.Because British people used them for things that were not good to hear.D.Because American people hated the Dutch people.A.It means you are in another country.B.It memos you are in a bad mood.C.It means you have made a mistake.D.It means you have some trouble to handle.A.Becaus
48、e they came to the United States from the Netherlands.B.Because they spoke Dutch.C.Because Deutsch sounded like Dutch.D.Because Deutsch was the full spelling of Dutch.A.The old Dutch expressions had the same meaning as before.B.One person will pay the whole bill in a Dutch treat.C.The Dutch live onl
49、y in the state of Pennsylvania.D.The Dutch parents are very strict with their kids.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Amazingly for the British, who love queues, there is no formal line-up - the bar staff are skilled at knowing whose turn it is. You are (36) to try to attract attention, but there are rules about how to do this. Do not call out, tap coins on the counter, (37
