1、大学六级-1181 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Post-graduate Craze Cools OffNo. of Post-graduate Test Takers in Shanghai/r/n /r/n Year/r/n Number of Applicants/r/n Margin/r/n /r/n /r/n 2002/r/n 59,816/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n 2003/r/n 79,299/r/n +32.6%/r/n /r/n /r/n 2004/r/n 84,611/
2、r/n +6.7%/r/n /r/n /r/n 2005/r/n 99,548/r/n +1.8%/r/n /r/n /r/n 2006/r/n 101,607/r/n +2.1%/r/n /r/n /r/n 2007/r/n 95,045/r/n -6.5%/r/n /r/n1考研人数在持续上涨 10 年后于 2007 年开始减少。2教研热降温的原因。(收费改革；研究生就业难；用人单位重视工作经验)3我们应该如何选择。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Where Have All the People Gone?Germans a
3、re getting used to a new kind of immigrant. In 1998, a pack of wolves crossed the Neisse River on the Polish-German border. In the empty landscape of eastern Saxony, dotted with abandoned mines and declining villages, the wolves found plenty of deer and few humans. Five years later, a second pack sp
4、lit from the original, so therere now two families of wolves in the region. A hundred years ago, a growing land-hungry population killed off the last of Germanys wolves. Today, its the local humans whose numbers are under threat.Villages are empty, thanks to the regions low birth rate and rural flig
5、ht. Home to 22 of the worlds 25 lowest fertility rate countries, Europe will lose 30 million people by 2030, even with continued immigration. The biggest population decline will hit rural Europe. As Italians, Spaniards, Germans and others produce barely three-fifths of children needed to maintain st
6、atus quo, and as rural flight sucks people into Europes suburbs and cities, the countryside will lose a quarter of its population. The implications of this demographic (人口的) change will be far-reaching.Environmental ChangesThe postcard view of Europe is of a continent where every scrap of land has l
7、ong been farmed, fenced off and settled. But the continent of the future may look rather different. Big parts of Europe will renaturalize. Bears are back in Austria. In Swiss Alpine valleys, farms have been receding and forests are growing back. In parts of France and Germany, wildcats and wolves ha
8、ve re-established their ranges.The shrub and forest that grows on abandoned land might be good for deer and wolves, but is vastly less species-rich than traditional farming, with its pastures, ponds and hedges. Once shrub covers everything, you lose the meadow habitat. All the flowers, herbs, birds,
9、 and butterflies disappear. A new forest doesnt get diverse until a couple of hundred years old.All this is not necessarily an environmentalists dream it might seem. Take the Greek village of Prastos. An ancient hill town, Prastos once had 1,000 residents, most of them working the land. Now only a d
10、ozen left, most in their 60s and 70s. The school has been closed since 1988. Sunday church bells no longer ting. Without farmers to tend the fields, rain has washed away the once fertile soil. As in much of Greece, land that has been orchards and pasture for some 2,000 years is now covered with dry
11、shrub that, in summer, frequently catches fire.Varied Pictures of Rural DepopulationRural depopulation is not new. Thousands of villages like Prastos dot Europe, the result of a century or more of emigration, industrialization, and agricultural mechanization. But this time its different because neve
12、r has the rural birth rate so low. In the past, a farmer could usually find at least one of his offspring to take over the land. Today, the chances are that he has only a single son or daughter, usually working in the city and rarely willing to return. In Italy, more than 40% of the countrys 1.9 mil
13、lion farmers are at least 65 years old. Once they die out, many of their farms will join the 6 million hectares one third of Italys farmland that has already been abandoned.Rising economic pressures, especially from reduced government subsidies, will amplify the trend. One third of Europes farmland
14、is marginal, from the cold northern plains to the dry Mediterranean (地中海) hills. Most of these farmers rely on EU subsides, since its cheaper to import food from abroad. Without subsidies, some of the most scenic European landscapes wouldnt survive. In the Austrian or Swiss Alps, defined for centuri
15、es by orchards, cows, high mountain pastures, the steep valleys are labor-intensive to farm, with subsidies paying up to 90% of the cost. Across the border in France and Italy, subsidies have been reduced for mountain farming. Since then, across the southern Alps, villages have emptied and forests h
16、ave grown back in. Outside the range of subsidies, in Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine, big tracts of land are returning to wild.Big ChallengesThe truth is varied and interesting. While many rural regions of Europe are emptying out, others will experience something of a renaissance. Already, attractive
17、 areas within driving distance of prosperous cities are seeing robust revivals, driven by urban flight and an in-flooding of childless retirees. Contrast that with less-favored areas, from the Spanish interior to eastern Europe. These face dying villages, abandoned farms and changes in the land not
18、seen for generations. Both types of regions will have to cope with steeply ageing population and its accompanying health and service needs. Rural Europe is the laboratory of demographic changes.For governments, the challenge has been to develop policies that slow the demographic decline or attract n
19、ew residents. In some places such as Britain and France, large parts of countryside are reviving as increasingly wealthy urban middle class in search of second homes recolonises villages and farms. Villages in central Italy are counting on tourism to revive their town, turning farmhouses into hostel
20、s for tourists and hikers.But once baby boomers start dying out around 2020, populations will start to decline so sharply that there simply wont be enough people to reinvent itself. Its simply unclear how long current government policies can put off the inevitable.“We are now talking about civilized
21、 depopulation. We just have to make sure that old people we leave behind are taken care of.“ Says Mats Johansson of Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. The biggest challenge is finding creative ways to keep up services for the rising proportion of seniors. When the Austrian village of Klans,
22、 thinly spread over the Alpine foothills, decided it could no longer afford a regular public bus service, the community set up a public taxi-on-demand service for the aged. In thinly populated Lapland where doctors are few and far between, tech-savvy Finns the rising demand for specialized health ca
23、re with a service that uses videoconferencing and the Internet for remote medical examination.Another pioneer is the village of Aguaviva, one of rapidly depopulating areas in Spain. In 2000, Mayor Manznanares began offering free air-fares and housing for foreign families to settle in Aguaviva. Now t
24、he mud-brown town of about 600 has 130 Argentine and Romanian immigrants, and the towns only school has 54 pupils. Immigration was one solution to the problem. But most foreign immigrants continue to prefer cities. And within Europe migration only exports the problem. Western European look towards e
25、astern Europe as a source for migrants, yet those countries have ultra-low birth rates of their own.Now the increasingly worried European governments are developing policies to make people have more children, from better childcare to monthly stipends (津贴) linked to family size. But while these measu
26、res might raise the birth rate slightly, across the much of the ageing continent there are just too few potential parents around.(1,150 words)（分数：70.00）(1).The current rural depopulation in Europe is the result of long-term emigration and industrialization.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The demographic change
27、in rural Europe will have a negative effect on every aspect of the local economy from tourist industry income to agricultural outputs.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).The general view of Europe is likely to change from cultivated farm-land to growing shrubs and forests with species-poor wildlife such as wildcats
28、, bears, deer and wolves.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Many rural regions in Europe, such as the Greek village of Prastos, are plagued with environmental hazards as more and more fields lay unattended.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Largely because of very low birth rate, _ of farmland in Italy has already been abandoned
29、.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Besides low birth rate, _ is another factor that fuels the trend of rural population in parts of Europe.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Some attractive rural regions not far from the cities are witnessing a certain _ , as more and more childless seniors move towards cities.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(
30、8).The governments polices to attract new residents and slow depopulation process might become futile once _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9)._ are two examples of finding creative ways to keeping up services for the rapidly aging population in rural Europe.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The mayor of a Spanish town once
31、tried to use free air passage and housing to _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Shes not sure shell be seeing Julia.B.Shell phone Julia several days tater.C.She doesnt thin
32、k Julia knows about registration.D.Shes sure Julia will help the professor with course registration.A.Shell help look for the mans wallet.B.Shed like to pay for the mans lunch.C.She doesnt have much money to lend the man.D.Shell help the woman with her physics project.A.He doesnt want to go to the o
33、pera tonight.B.He has a chance to have a break from the math problem.C.He wants to improve his math grade by watching operas.D.Hell meet the woman when he has finished the math problem.A.Take the camera back to the store.B.Get a special attachment for the camera.C.Use a brighter light when taking pi
34、ctures.D.Avoid facing the light when taking pictures.A.He doesnt know Dr, Jeffery very well.B.He thought Dr. Jeffery would get the position,C.He thought it took too long to make the decision.D.Hes not sure Dr, Jeffery will be a good chairperson.A.Pm a little more pepper in the soup.B.Serve the soup
35、as it is said in the recipe.C.Taste the soup to see if it needs some more pepper.D.Check the recipe to see if they followed it correctly.A.If the woman keeps money at the bank.B.Where the woman learned about the seminar.C.Which seminar the woman wants to sign up for.D.If the woman has taken classes
36、on managing personal finances.A.Take a shorter route.B.Buy new sun glasses.C.Drive on a different road.D.Consider taking Route 27.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.She cant find a new place to live.B.The landlord wants her to move out after only g month
37、s.C.She thinks she will lose her deposit money.D.The contract states she must stay for 6 months so she cant move.A.Less than 6 months.B.2 months.C.6 months or more.D.1 month.A.Go see the landlord.B.Go to court.C.Move out.D.Get part of their deposit back.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversati
38、on you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.They are looking for an apartment to live in.B.They are discussing living places and childrens education.C.They are complaining about their children.D.They are planning for the next weekend.A.Theres much to do besides work and study.B.Its convenient for people to g
39、o anywhere.C.The natural environment is beneficial to children.D.The countryside is a perfect place for weekends.A.The children are too young to benefit from city life.B.Even adults themselves cannot go everywhere in the city.C.There is a lot to see and do for children and adults.D.There isnt a lot
40、to see and do for children.A.She is a full-time housewife.B.She does not care for her children.C.She used to live in the suburbs in her childhood.D.She will go to a museum next weekend.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.E
41、liminating the original vegetation from the building site.B.Marking the houses in an area similar to one another.C.Deciding where a house will be built.D.Surrounding a building with wild flowers and plants.A.They are changed to make the site more interesting.B.They are expanded to limit the amount o
42、f construction.C.They are integrated into the design of the building.D.They are removed for construction.A.Because many architects studied with Wright.B.Because Wright started the practice of “land-scraping“.C.Because Wright used elements of envelope building.D.Because most of the houses Wright buil
43、t were made of stone.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Because they want to earn high salary.B.Because schools do not teach students how to choose jobs.C.Because there has been severe competitioI1 in the job market.D.Because they have no working e
44、xperience.A.The job must not ruin your talents.B.The job must be able to shape your personality.C.The job must set a pattern of life.D.The job must suit your interest.A.Earning a LivingB.Correct Attitude on Job-huntingC.How to Choose a Job?D.What Can. a Good Job offer?Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35
45、 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.How the President proposes new laws.B.How a bill is passed by lawmakers in Congress.C.How the President can reject a proposed law.D.How lawmakers can force the President to sign a bill.A.Why the President opposes a bill.B.How lawmakers want t
46、o revise a bill.C.Why a deadline has not been met.D.When lawmakers plan to end their session.A.They send the message to the President within ten days.B.They officially state reasons for rejecting the message.C.They meet with the President.D.They revise the vetoed bill.A.The bill becomes law immediat
47、ely.B.The bill cant become law unless the whole process begins again.C.Lawmakers must review the bill within ten days.D.The President must sign the bill if its passed again.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)There are two basic ways to see growth: One as a product, the other as a process. People have (36) v
48、iewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured.By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by (37) it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they (38) new experiences and unexpected (39) In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to (40) the world, new ideas to try, new challenges t
