1、大学六级-1078 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 现在许多国家和地区纷纷颁布禁烟法令，禁止公民在餐厅、酒吧、商店、办公场所等吸烟2. 你对禁烟令是支持还是反对，并说出理由Should the State Interfere with Peoples Smoking Habits?（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Natural-gas VehiclesKermit the Frog once said, “Its not that eas
2、y be in green.“ Although he wasnt referring to cars, his observation seems particularly appropriate for the auto industry today: Designing, developing and marketing “green“ cars has not been an easy task, which is why gasoline-powered vehicles still rule the road and fossil fuels still account for a
3、lmost 75 percent of the worlds energy consumption. As gasoline prices soar and concern over harmful emission mounts, however, cars that run on alternate fuel sources will become increasingly important. A natural-gas vehicle, or NGV, is the perfect example of such a car - its fuel-efficient, environm
4、entally friendly and offers a relatively low cost of ownership.Natural Gas BasicsThe word “gas“ is a confusing term because it is used to describe many different substances that are similar but not exactly the same. For example, the “gas“ you put in your car is gasoline, one component of crude oil,
5、or petroleum. Petroleum is a dark, sticky liquid mixture of compounds formed underground by the decay of ancient marine animals.Natural gas also comes from the decay of ancient organisms, but it naturally takes a gaseous form instead of a liquid form. Natural gas commonly occurs in association with
6、crude oil. It is derived from both land plants and aquatic (水生的) organic matter and forms above or below oil deposits. It is often dissolved in crude oil at the high pressures existing in a reservoir. There are also reservoirs of natural gas, known as non-associated gas, that contain only gas and no
7、 oil.Natural gas consists primarily of methane (沼气) and other hydrocarbon gases. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen. The hydrocarbons in natural gas are called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain hydrogen and carbon bound together by single b
8、onds.Like gasoline, natural gas is combustible (易燃的), which means it can be used in a combustion engine like gasoline. But cars that could burn natural gas didnt appear on the scene until the 1930s.From Field to FordWe extract natural gas trapped in underground reservoirs by drilling wells into the
9、earth. A modern well. equipped with diamond-studded drill bits, can drill to depths approaching 25.000 feet.Throughout the 19th century, the use of natural gas remained localized because there was no way to transport large quantities of gas over long distances, in 1890, the invention of a leakproof
10、pipeline coupling made it possible to transport gas miles from the source. Improvements in pipeline technology continued over the next two decades until long-distance gas transmission became practical. From 1927 to 1931, ,laborers constructed more than t0 major natural gas transmission systems in th
11、e United States, making natural gas a viable energy source for many applications. The oil shortages of the late 1960s and early 1970s brought renewed interest in natural gas as a fuel source, especially for automobiles.Today, owners of natural-gas vehicles can fill up their cars at one of 1,300 fuel
12、ing stations located in the United States. Honda also offers a personal natural gas pump to people who purchase its natural-gas-powered Civic. The pump uses a homes existing natural gas lines and can be installed for $ 500 to $1500.Natural-gas Vehicle DesignNatural-gas vehicles use the same basic pr
13、inciples as gasoline-powered vehicles. In other words, the fuel (natural gas in this case) is mixed with air in the cylinder of a four-stroke engine and then ignited by a spark plug to move a piston (活塞) up and down. Although there are some differences between natural gas and gasoline in terms of fl
14、amability and ignition temperatures, NGVs themselves operate on the same fundamental concepts as gasoline-powered vehicles.Still, some modifications are required to make an NGV work efficiently. These changes are primarily in the fuel storage tank, the engine and the chassis(底盘).AdvantagesThe bigges
15、t advantage of NGVs is that they reduce environmentally harmful emissions. Natural-gas vehicles can achieve up to a 93 percent reduction in carbon monoxide emissions, 33 percent reduction in emissions of various oxides of nitrogen and a 50 percent reduction in reactive hydrocarbons when compared to
16、gasoline vehicles. NGVs also rate higher in particulate matter 10 (PM10) emissions. PM10 particles transport and deposit toxic materials through the air. NGVs that operate in diesel applications can reduce PM10 emissions by a factor of 10. Natural-gas vehicles also offer these benefits:NGVs are safe
17、r. The fuel storage tanks on an NGV are thicker and stronger than gasoline or diesel tanks. There has not been an NGV fuel-tank rupture in more than two years in the United States.Natural gas costs are lower than gasoline. On average, natural gas costs one-third less than gasoline at the pump.Natura
18、l gas is convenient and abundant. A well-established pipeline infrastructure exists in the United States to deliver natural gas to almost every urban area and most suburban areas. There are more than 1,300 NGV fueling stations in the United States, and more are being added every day.Natural gas pric
19、es have exhibited significant stability compared to oil prices. Historically, natural gas prices have exhibited significant price stability compared to the prices of petroleumbased fuels. This stability makes it easier to plan accurately for long-term costs.NGVs have lower maintenance costs. Because
20、 natural gas burns so cleanly, it results in less wear and tear on the engine and extends the time between tune-ups and oil changes. DisadvantagesOne of the biggest complaints about NGVs is that they arent as roomy as gasoline cars. This is because NGVs have to give up precious cargo and trunk space
21、 to accommodate the fuel storage cylinders. Not only that, these cylinders can be expensive to design and build a contributing factor to the higher overall costs of a Natural-gas vehicle compared to a gasoline-powered car.Another drawback is the limited driving range of NGVs, which is typically abou
22、t half that of a gasoline-powered vehicle. For example, Hondas natural gas Civic, the Civic GX, can go up to 220 miles without refueling. A typical gasoline-powered Civic can go approximately 350 miles without refueling. If a dedicated NGV ran out of fuel on the road. it would have to be towed to th
23、e owners home or to a local natural gas refueling station, which might be harder to find than a “regular“ gas station.Finally, it should be noted that natural gas, like gasoline, is a fossil fuel and cannot be considered a renewable resource. While natural gas reserves in the United States are still
24、 considerable, they are not inexhaustible. Some predict that there are enough natural gas reserves remaining to last another 67.1 years, assuming that the 2003 level of production continues.（分数：70.00）(1).This passage explains the basic idea of natural gas and compares the performances of different t
25、ypes of NGVs.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The basic principles applied to natural-gas vehicles are quite different from those applied to gasoline-powered vehicles.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).More and more people are fond of NGVs because they help reduce deaths in car accidents to a great degree.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).T
26、he price of natural gas is cheaper and more stable than that of gasoline.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Often associated with crude oil, natural gas is principally made up of_ and other hydrocarbon gases.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).NGVs arent as roomy as gasoline cars because they have to give up cargo and trunk space
27、 to accommodate the_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Both natural gas and gasoline are_ and thus neither can be considered renewable.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).During the 19th century, natural gas was used on a local scale because of the difficult situation in_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Natural gas trapped in underground re
28、servoirs is extracted by_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).People resumed their interest in natural gas as a fuel as a result of _ of the late 1960s and early 1970s.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard
29、.（分数：56.00）A.She is eager to be accepted by the University.B.She is waiting to see if she could get the job from Coles.C.She is expecting to see if Cole would lend her some cash.D.She has no idea about whether she can afford the university tuition.A.See the campus dentist first.B.Touch something les
30、s sweet.C.Have a sound sleep right away.D.Not touch anything sweet.A.They were both busy doing their work.B.They waited for each other at different places.C.They went to the street corner at different times.D.The man went to the concert, but the woman didnt.A.She Should find a job.B.She should just
31、stop worrying.C.She should be more realistic with her money.D.She should ask for more money from the loan office.A.He left his camera at the airport.B.He enjoyed using his new camera.C.He lost his new camera on his trip.D.He left his camera in his friends car.A.Her diet is not effective.B.She has lo
32、st much weight.C.Her favorite food is banana.D.She has neither gained nor lost weight.A.Find a quiet place to study.B.Change the conditions of his room.C.Find a more comfortable place to study.D.Avoid distractions while studying in his room.A.The election issue might need to be addressed immediately
33、.B.Elections may need to be postponed, since only five have agreed to run.C.They should wait for more nominations before calling a meeting.D.Put a stop to any more nominations until they have a meeting.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.The designer coul
34、dnt handle the BBS.B.The BBS failed.C.The design was too bad.D.The designer was out.A.She is designing another Website.B.She couldnt do BBS.C.She has no time.D.She hasnt done any website design before.A.He will scold her.B.He wont pay her any money.C.He will tell her to do it again.D.He will pay her
35、 only part of the salaryA.By asking the Dean to pay for a professional.B.By doing it themselves.C.By merging with the Teacher Development site.D.By looking for another designer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Where they should move.B.How to negotiate
36、with the landlord.C.How to fight the increase.D.Whether to accept an increase in rent or move.A.Stay and negotiate or move.B.Move closer to the University or near the subway.C.Fight for a small increases or accepts an in crease offer.D.There is no choice.A.It is close to the school.B.It is cheap.C.I
37、t has convenient facilities.D.The tenant agreement is good.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.One that trains the body for weight lifting.B.One that is both beneficial and inexpensive.C.One that develops the heart, lungs, and circul
38、atory systems.D.One that enables a person ready for any sudden demand made by work.A.Jogging is better than the other types of exercise.B.Heart disease is no longer an American national problem.C.Jogging can be harmful if the runner is not properly prepared.D.Warm-up suits are better than gym shorts
39、 and T-shirts for joggers.A.A comparison of jogging and other exercises.B.A discussion of jogging as a physical fitness program.C.A description of the type of clothing needed for jogging.D.Providing scientific evidence of the benefits of jogging.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have j
40、ust heard.（分数：21.00）A.They can be used to do business with people.B.They can be used to express all kinds of feelings.C.They can be used to deliver all the messages in our life.D.They can be used to convey our most important messages to people.A.Dismayed.B.Relieved.C.Disappointed.D.Frustrated.A.It h
41、elps to avoid conflict.B.It stops any kind of argument.C.It helps people get their own way.D.It improves the business of the marriage counselors.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.American literature was slow to reflect the war.B.The war was hardly reflected
42、in American literature.C.The war was rapidly reflected in American literature.D.Hemingway was the only author to write about the war.A.He was not affected at all.B.He didnt publish stories during the Great Depression.C.It had little and indirect influence on Hemingways writing.D.He was greatly affec
43、ted and wrote some first class works dealing with it.A.A certain poet.B.Hemingway.C.John Steinbeck.D.The passage didnt mention it.A.World War I and literature.B.A history of American literature.C.The great works of Hemingway and John Steinbeck.D.The effects of World War I and the Great Depression on
44、 American literature.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Can we generate the new cultural attitudes required by our technological virtuosity? History is not very reassuring here. It has taken centuries to learn how to live (36) in the family, the tribe, the city, the state, and the nation. Each new (37) of h
45、uman sensitivity and loyalty has taken generations to become firmly (38) in the human psyche. And now we are forced into a quantum leap from the mutual suspicion and (39) that have marked the past relations between peoples in a world in which mutual respect and (40) are necessary.Even events of rece
46、nt decades provide little basis for (41) .Increasing physical proximity has brought no millennium in human relations. If anything, it has appeared to intensify the divisions among people rather than to create a broader (42) . Every new reduction in physical distance has made us more painfully aware
47、of the psychic distance that divides people and has increased alarm over real or imagined differences. If today people occasionally choke on what seem to be indigestible differences between rich and poor, male and female, specialist and non-specialist within cultures, what will happen tomorrow when
48、people must assimilate and cope with still greater (43) in life styles? (44) Time and space have long cushioned intercultural encounters, confining them to touristic exchanges. But this insulation is rapidly wearing thin. (45) There we will be surrounded by foreigners for long periods of time, working with others in the closest possible relationships. (46) ?（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
