1、大学六级-1077 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 你是如何得知招生信息的2. 自我推荐并说明选择该校的理由3. 希望得到该校的回复（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Power of Words: Advertising TricksThe effect that words can have is incredible: to inform, persuade, hurt or ease pain, end war or star
2、t one killing thousands or even millions of people. They can get your point across, or destroy any hope of your ideas ever being understood. A major element of advertising is the words, which ones and in what order. The following is several of the specific tricks that are commonly used in advertisin
3、g.Black/White TrickThe black/white, or either/or, trick is making a statement that provides insufficient options to your argument. “Love it or leave it“ was a big slogan of the 1960s, and it sounds logical. Nevertheless, it provides no other possible options, such as“ Love it, or dont love it, stay
4、or not, you dont have to agree with me if you dont want to. “The reason this fallacy is often called the black/white fallacy is that it denies any other choices on an issue or idea. Using it gives the impression that everything can be seen in terms of yes or no, true or false, on or off, with no may
5、bes or both true and false depending on circumstances allowed. This fallacy is particularly popular and effective in slogans like“ Love it or leave it“, “If youre not for me, youre against me“, “My country, right or wrong“. Note that all of the above actually have other options, but the statements d
6、o not allow for them.A common way in which this trick is used in advertising is by presenting two situations, one with the product and the other without. The one with the product shows circumstances that the advertiser presumes the target audience would like to be in, and vice versa for the situatio
7、n without the product. For example, you have two groups of people: the first is young, beautiful, fit, happy, fun-loving and active; the second is old, ugly, miserable, and passive. The first uses the product; the second doesnt. The assumption is that the purchase of the product makes you a member o
8、f the first, that the absence of the product makes you the second. Since most people would rather be the first, and the product is a part of being the first, then people should buy the product. And they do.Genetic FallacyThe genetic fallacy makes a prediction about something based on where it came f
9、rom or its origins. For example, saying“ He wouldnt do that-hes from a good family“ is making a genetic fallacy. “You cant expect any better from her-shes from the slums“ is also using a genetic fallacy. Note that in neither case is there any reference to the individuals personal abilities or lack t
10、hereof; only to where they came from. In advertising, this fallacy is used often: “If its made by company,it must be good“ is an example.Weasel(含糊其辞的)WordsWeasel words are those words that are tossed into a sentence that change the actual meaning of the sentence while leaving an impression that is d
11、ifferent. Its the easiest way to avoid having to take any responsibility for anything you say, or seem to say. For example, the sentence “Our canned corn is as good as fresh cooked corn“. The impression given is that the canned corn is as good (whatever that means) as corn on the cob(玉米穗轴) right off
12、 the stalk. However, the phrase contains a weasel word:“ cooked“. Thus, the sentence actually says that the canned corn is as good as corn that has been cooked; now you need to cook it again to serve it. Note the sentence does not say that the canned corn is as good as fresh corn; its as good as fre
13、sh cooked corn.A favorite weasel word is one of the shortest: if. “If the whole wide world can enjoy use, buy, desire, etc. whatever the product is, then so can you“ says absolutely nothing about the product, or even if anyone at all enjoys uses, buys, desires, etc. the product. It simply says “if“,
14、 applied to a totally hypothetical, nonexistent state of being.Another common way of using weasel words is using passive verb phrases. For example, instead of saying“ I think that“(active verb phrase), you can say “It would seem that“( passive verb phrase). In the first instance, ff anyone challenge
15、s your statement, you need to defend your position. In the second, however, if anyone challenges you, you can avoid any responsibility for defending the statement by explaining that you only said“ it would seem that“ ,not that you agree or that the statement had any validity in the first place. You
16、can duck responsibility since you never actually said its what you think, even if, at the time, it was.Dangling ComparativeA dangling comparative is a statement which seems to be comparing one thing to another, but in actuality never actually states what the thing being compared is being compared to
17、. What generally happens is that the comparison is left up to the audience to complete. For example,“ Our tires stop 25% faster“. Note that the statement never says what the tires stop faster than. The audience would naturally expect it to be other tires, and would mentally finish the statement“ Our
18、 tires stop 25% faster than other tires“. However, that is not what was said. The comparison is left open, and could be other tires (in which case, it would be strong6r to actually say so), but it probably isnt other tires. It could just as easily be doughnuts.Complex QuestionA complex question is o
19、ne that appears to be asking for a yes or no answer, but is in reality two yes-or-no questions that are usually contradictory. A well-known example is, “Are you still beating your wife? “It seems to be asking for a yes or no answer, but no matter how its answered, it condemns the respondent. Answer
20、yes, and hes still beating his wife; say no, and he used to. Another example is, “Are you still cheating on your income tax?“ Again, no matter how you answer, you cant win.Buzz WordsBuzz words are words that seem to say something, but what? They are extremely popular in advertising. For example,“ na
21、tural“ is a big buzz word, particularly applied to food and drink. However, what exactly is“ natural“? Definitions of the word include“ produced by nature“,“ not artificial“, or “not cultivated or civilized“. Thus what does the word mean when applied to, say, beer? If a beer is natural, is it produc
22、ed by nature? That somewhere in the Amazon forest, there exists a beer tree that need merely be tapped and bottled? Unlikely; beer is produced in breweries and does not exist in nature. Is natural beer not artificial? Artificial means“ made by humans“. Since :humans make the beer in breweries(啤酒厂) ,
23、then beer is definitely artificial. Is natural beer not cultivated or civilized? The behavior of beer drinkers is occasionally not cultivated or civilized, but beer is one of the first achievements of civilization. Then what exactly does it mean for beer to be natural? In effect, the word natural ap
24、plied to any product that doesnt exist in a finished state in nature is a buzz word.Thus we can see that buzz words have little or no meaning in and of themselves. What meaning they do have is based on the connotations(言外之意)people give them (which often come from the way the people using them give t
25、hem) rather than their actual denotative meanings.（分数：70.00）(1).The misunderstanding of a word could even affect the way a war ended.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The black/white trick can provide people with more than two choices for their argument.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).In case of the black/white trick in adve
26、rtising, many people would buy the product for its good quality.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).For the genetic fallacy, there is reference to the individuals personal abilities.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).In advertising the advertiser can avoid any responsibility for his statement by using _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).To say
27、“ It would seem that“ instead of saying“ I think that“ is a common way of using weasel words with using _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).The comparison in a dangling comparative is often left _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).“Are you still beating your wife?“ is in reality two questions that are usually _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:
28、_(9).“Natural“ is a big buzzword which usually can be found in the advertisement of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The meaning of buzz words, if they have, is based on connotations instead of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the
29、 conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Drive in the wind and rain.B.Listen to John.C.Go to an indoor theater.D.See a film.A.The ladder was borrowed away at that tinge.B.The lower branches didnt have any green apples.C.The apples on the top branches werent ripe.D.There are less apples in the u
30、pper braches at that time.A.In the subway.B.In the movie house.C.In line outside.D.Somewhere else.A.Sell his text books.B.Get some extra help.C.Go to the bank.D.Apply for the jobA.Riding a horse.B.Shooting a movie.C.Playing a game.D.Apply for the jobA.Gas station.B.Police station.C.Lost and found de
31、partment.D.Bat.A.She prefers the stadium.B.She agrees with the man.C.The light isnt bright enough.D.The dining hall isnt large enough.A.Use less soap.B.Wash off the soap more thoroughly.C.Use a moisturizing cream.D.Switch brands of soap.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just
32、heard.（分数：21.00）A.At a dentist office.B.In a school.C.In an ambulance.D.At a hospital.A.Doctors in hospital.B.Nurses in hospital.C.Patients in hospital.D.Hospital administrators.A.Because they dont get much practice with them.B.Because they often use them in their work.C.Because they have to pass a
33、test.D.Because they plan to become doctors.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.She saw them protesting.B.She read about them in the newspaper.C.She attended one of their meetings.D.Her roommate is a member.A.Get more funding for their group.B.Schedule a m
34、eeting with college administrators.C.Secure more student parking spaces.D.Preserve an open space on campus.A.She will attend a meeting.B.She will attend the rally.C.She will go to class.D.She will go on a picnic.A.Sign a petition.B.Help the man plan a student rally.C.Use the student parking lot.D.Ma
35、ke a donation to support the group.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.The weather will be clear and fine.B.Rain will probably come.C.There will be a fog.D.Fine weather will continue.A.When there is a heavy rain.B.When fine weather c
36、ontinues.C.When there is a fog.D.When wet weather is coming.A.The following day will be fine.B.Fine weather will continue.C.Rainy weather will probably come.D.The rain will stop.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.It first become serious about five years ago.B
37、.It has finally been brought under control.C.It may lead to prosperity.D.It has been climbing.A.Its one half as much as 1976.B.Its twice as much as 1976.C.Its close to the same.D.Its two-thirds as much as 1976.A.Income tax is collected from even the poorest citizen.B.State tax is collected from even
38、 the poorest citizen.C.Social security tax is collected from even the poorest citizen.D.Sales tax is collected from even the poorest citizen.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.She is a housewife.B.She is a teacher.C.She is a singer.D.She is a musician.A.The v
39、iolin was too expensive.B.She was too young to play the violin.C.The violin was too big for her.D.Her mother wanted her to play the piano.A.To play the violin once again.B.To go to the United States.C.To accept a full scholarship.D.To make a tape recording.A.To live a more comfortable life.B.To give
40、 performances.C.To be a pupil of a famous violinist.D.To enter a famous university.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)The White House is the official residence of the President of the United States. It was (36) by James Hoban, an Irish born (37) . He based the design on certain buildings that he knew in Ire
41、land. The White House was not white at the very beginning. The location was (38) by George Washington, but he never actually lived in it. The first president to live in the White House was John Adams, in 1800. During the war of 1812, the British (39) Washington and burned the White House. Repairs we
42、re (40) by Hoban. In 1817, President Monroe moved into the White House and had the gray sandstone painted white, to cover the smoke (41) that remained after the fire. Ever since then the building which was called “the Presidents (42) “, was also called “the White House“. That was kind of a (43) , at
43、 that time. It wasnt until 1902 that (44) . Massive repairs were done in 1947 and 1948 because parts of the building were sinking. President Truman supervised the repairs at that time.Tell me about the other homes of the President? We should not forget “Camp David“. It is also an important place for
44、 the President.(45) . This secluded private retreat is in Maryland, and was named by President Eisenhower after his grandson. The Camp David is also some place for events. At Camp David, (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr
45、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Something weird is happening in the once marginal world of environmentalism. The green cause is no longer th9 preserve of woolly-minded liberals and fringe activists. Its tenets are being actively pursued by business leaders, stockholders and investment mana
46、gers. In the popular mind-set, natural disasters such as New Orleans Hurricane Katrina and floods in Eastern Europe are now linked to a change in climate that threatens our way of life and our grand-childrens future.Environmental concerns have grown so widespread that conservative politicians once s
47、keptical of the green movement have been reacting to the pressure. The most startling turnaround, however, is among business leaders. Corporations are giving themselves green makeovers to improve efficiency, save money and look more attractive to investors and the public. According to a recent repor
48、t from the Climate Group, an international environmental charity,43 multinationals-including Bayer, BT and DuPont-saved a combined $11.6 billion last year by improving energy efficiency, reducing waste output and harnessing solar power. General Electrics Ecomagination campaign to cut carbon emissions, partly by selling low-emissions products ranging from power plant
