1、成人本科英语-171 及答案解析(总分：108.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as
2、well as individual job satisfaction.The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and techniques, and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characterist
3、ics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research. Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum
4、 of individual satisfaction. The psychologists function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motion required to
5、 do the .job, the equipment used, and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tool
6、s, improving the working Conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production o
7、n particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or “breaks“, during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of
8、communication between employees and management.（分数：5.00）(1).From the first sentence of the passage, we learn that the primary objective of industrial psychology is to study _A. working efficiency that leads to the highest outputB. the working skills and the working environmentC. the techniques leadi
9、ng to the highest productivityD. the use of workers to get the greatest profit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A test in industrial psychology is used to find out_A. a workers achievementsB. a workers potential for a certain jobC. a workers psychological problemD. a workers motivation for a certain job（分数：1.00）
10、A.B.C.D.(3).The industrial psychologists function differs from that of the efficiency experts in that the former_A. places great emphasis on maximum productionB. cares little about the increase of productionC. is mainly concerned with workers satisfactionD. worries a lot about those workers in poor
11、working conditions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In an industrial psychologists mind, all of the following is important EXCEPT _A. the steps in which work is doneB. the state of mind of a worker when workingC. the effect of working environment on a workerD. the value of the product a worker is making（分数：1.00）
12、A.B.C.D.(5).Based on the results of the industrial psychologists studies, it is certain that_A. two breaks in a day lead to lower productivity than oneB. working without breaks may not yield the highest efficiencyC. communication is increasing between the employers and employeesD. changing tools wil
13、l help increase the production（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion. They are as closely related as the lips and teeth, so to speak. What you produce is for sale on the market. It would be impossible to succeed in selling a product w
14、ithout first investigating the market.In the international market, goods on sale coming from different countries and suppliers are always facing keen competition. Under such circumstances, they will try everything possible to familiarize themselves with the market conditions. In making investigation
15、s, we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market, what prices they are quoting (报价), what features their products have, who are their regular customers, etc. Then, how can we obtain such information? There are many channels that we can make use of in
16、 doing this sort of work. The commercial counselors offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making market investigations. Nowadays, our import and export corporations send their trade groups abroad every now and then. One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot.Certa
17、inly, face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen are also important channels to get market information. The Chinese Export Commodities Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide us with such opportunities. Of course, there are some other ways of ma
18、king market investigations.（分数：10.00）(1).In making market investigation, one should _.A. get enough information concernedB. advertise his productsC. produce high quality goodsD. none of the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “indispensable“ in the first line means _.A. impossible B. essentialC. advi
19、sable D. available（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The relationship between market investigation and sales promotion is just as that of the lips and teeth.B. It is impossible to succeed in selling a product without market investigation.C. There are various ways o
20、f making market investigation.D. Production goes before market investigation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Making market investigation is very important because _.A. in market, goods on sale are numerousB. every producer is facing keen competitionC. it can greatly promote shiesD. all of the above（分数：2.00）A.B
21、.C.D.(5).All the following are channels to get market information except _.A. to have commercial counsellors office of our embassies stationed abroadB. to promote the quality of our own productsC. to send trade groups abroad every now and thenD. to have face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen（分数
22、：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Standard usage includes those words and expressions understood, used, and accepted by a majority of the speakers of a language in any situation regardless of the level of formality. As such, these words and expressions are well defined and listed in standard
23、dictionaries. Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations. Almost all idiomatic expressions are colloquial language. Slang, how
24、ever, refers to words and expressions understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as appropriate formal usage by the majority. Colloquial expressions and even slang may be founding standarddictionaries but will be so identified. Both Colloquial usage and slang are more common in speech
25、 than in writing.Colloquial speech often passes into standard speech. Some slang also passes into standard speech, but other slang expressions enjoy momentary popularity followed by obscurity. In some cases, the majority never accepts certain slang phrases but nevertheless retains them in their coll
26、ective memories. Every generation seems to require its own set of words to describe familiar objects and events.It has been pointed out by a number of linguists that three cultural conditions are necessary for the creation of a large body of slang expressions. First, the introduction and acceptance
27、of new objects and situations in the society ; second, a diverse population with a large number of subgroups ; third, association among the subgroups and the majority population.Finally, it is worth noting that the terms “standard,“ “colloquial,“ and “slang“ exist only as abstract labels for scholar
28、s who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language wilt be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the main top
29、ic of the passage?A. Standard speech. B. Idiomatic speech.C. Different types of speech. D. Dictionary usage.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How is slang defined by the author?A. Words and phrases accepted by the majority for formal usage.B. Words and phrases understood by the majority but not found in standard
30、 dictionaries.C. Words and phrases that are understood by a restricted group of speakers.D. Words and phrases understood by a large number of speakers but not accepted as formal usage.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “obscurity“ in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _.A. disappearance B. influence C
31、. qualification D. tolerance（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author mentions all of the following as requirements for slang expressions to be created except _.A. new situations B. interaction among diverse groupsC. a new generation D. a number of linguists（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the pas
32、sage that the author _.A. does not approve of either slang or colloquial speech in any situationB. approves of colloquial speech in some situations, but not slangC. approves of slang and colloquial speech in appropriate situationsD. does not approve of colloquial usage in writing（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、P
33、art Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.I enjoy playing basketball and then _.A. taking a bath B. to take a bathC. take a bath D. took a bath（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The industrial processes, _, are based on manmade processes.A. in case B. in detailC. in general D. in brief（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.How far was he _
34、for what had happened?A. reliable B. respectiveC. responsible D. provided（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4._, hell make a first-class tennis player.AGiving time BTo give time CGiven time DBeing given time（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.By no means _ to her parents.A. this is the first time has she liedB. this is the first time
35、 does she tell a lieC. is this the first time she has liedD. is this the first time she was lying（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.I suggested that he was _ of help from the Royal Literary Fund.A. worthless B. worthwhile C. worthy D. worth（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.He spoke English so well that I took it _ that he was an
36、American.A. for granted B. as true C. for certain D. as such（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8._ by Columbus, all the arguments came to an end.A. The New land was discovered B. Was the New Land discoveredC. With the New Land discovering D. With the New Land discovered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The house _ I grew up has bee
37、n taken down and replaced by an office building.A. in it B. in what C. in that D. in which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Climate change will greatly _ wheat and rice production if nations dont take steps now.A. fall B. leak C. lack D. reduce（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The building of the road _ by bad weather.A. has h
38、eld up B. has been held upC. was held D. hold up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.There was no _ in arguing with him since he didnt agree with you.A. cause B. time C. use D. mo
39、tive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.It is extremely urgent that they _ from the mountain before dark.A. must be rescued B. should rescue C. can be rescued D. be rescued（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.He suggested _ a lecture given by Professor White on English language learning.A. me to attend B. my attendingC. my attentio
40、n D. me attending（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The couple were _ to each other by their interest in classical music.A. pulled B. drawnC. moved D. taken（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.She found herself _ forward more and more eagerly to the holiday at home.A. looking B. bringingC. desiring D. expecting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.
41、I _ everything by the time you get back next month.A. shall finish B. will be finishingC. have finished D. shall have finished（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.They discussed the problem three or four times, but could come to no _.A. end B. conclusion C. result D. judgment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.They will _ the party
42、 for a week and hold it next Saturday.A. advance B. differ C. delay D. forgive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The teacher has his students _ a composition every other week.A. to write B. written C. writing D. write（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Speaker A: Mary wont be coming to work tomorrow. Shes finally going to the pho
43、tography exhibit.Speaker B: Oh, then she managed to get tickets after all.Speaker A: _.A. Im sure she didB. After all, she has been trying to get themC. I think shell try to get tickets after workD. She mustnt have any difficulty getting tickets（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.The company has to _ the benefits a
44、gainst the costs in the last three months.A. boast B. blame C. block D. balance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24._ a teacher, one must first be a pupil.A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. To have been（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.The pain will go away _.A. by and by B. by any chanceC. all over D. at present（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
45、.26.He wore dark glasses to avoid _.A. being recognized B. recognizingC. to be recognized D. having been recognized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.I believe that every crime, _ the circumstance, should be severely punished.A. in spite of B. because ofC. instead of D. on account of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Schools sho
46、uld teach our kids various subjects, and moreover teach them how to _ right from wrong.A. run B. take C. tell D. put（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.They did not discover until later _ the car had been destroyed.A. as B. than C. which D. that（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.I dont mind picking up your things from the store.
47、_ , the walk will do me good.A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Part Identificatio(总题数：10，分数：8.00)31.The poor man, (having been) brutally (beated) by the police, (cried) out (in) pains.A. having been B. beated C. cried D. in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.32.In order to attain our
48、objective, it is essential that we will make the best use of the limited resources available.A. attainB. essentialC. will makeD. available（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.33.(Comparing) with the weather (of) last winter, it is (much) milder and more pleasant (this winter).A. Comparing B. of C. much D. this winter（分
49、数：0.50）A.B.C.D.34.Im considering _ your offer.A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.35.Dont judge a crime until you know all the _.A. circumstances B. environments C. situations D. conditions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.36.Canning is the most wide used method of food preservation.A. isB. most wideC. methodD. preservation（分数：1.
