1、大学六级-97 及答案解析(总分：668.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.“过度包装”现象很严重；2过度包装的危害；3我的看法。On Over-Packing_（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7,
2、 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ) , B ) , C) and D). For questions 8-10 complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Building That BreatheAt first glance, you might not suspect that the Philip Merrill Environmental Center in Annapolis, Md. , is as Earth fri
3、endly as an old windmill. The headquarters of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, it displays more wood construction than the typical large building these days. But to understand what the designers, SmithGroup, did to make it truly different, you would have to know that one-third of its energy comes from
4、 geothermal (地热) heat pumps that utilize the earths warmth and photovoltaic (太阳能发电) building panels that convert sunlight into electricity. Or that rainfall collected on the roof can be channeled into huge holding tanks for reuse in irrigation. Or that its sunscreen overhangs are made from recycled
5、pickle barrels. Whole groups of enforcement lawyers for the Environmental Protection Agency could not be more ecologically effective than its waterless composting toilets, bamboo flooring and timber cut from sustainably harvested wood.The Merrill Center represents the new wave of “green architecture
6、,“ a general term for design and construction practices that take into account a whole checklist of environmental goals. How a building is sited, how well it reuses its wastewater, how efficiently it is heated and cooled-those are all questions green architects examine closely. To answer them, they
7、have access to a new generation of supplies that include nonpolluting paints, low-flow toilets and windows glazed to admit sunlight but reduce heat radiation. The Adam J. Lewis Center for Environmental Studies at Oberlin College even has a state-of-the- art disinfectant (消毒济) system that cleans toil
8、et water for re-use. No, not in drinking fountains. But green design is not all about high tech. One simple idea: windows on high-rises that actually open. That facilitates naturat air-ventilation systems, also known as breezes.The thing about buildings is that they are, par excellence, the very thi
9、ng nature is not. Ever since people moved out of caves, which were pretty much all natural if you didnt count the paintings on the walls, structures have been the prime markers of human settlement, a process that often comes with unhappy consequences for the environment. John Denvers Rocky Mountain
10、High-“More people, more scars upon the land-is not a song you hear much at architecture conventions.No one can deny that when it comes to the environment, buiktings are right up there with automobiles as polluters. Homes, schools, office towers and shopping centers dirty their own little rivers of w
11、ater every day. With their air-conditioning and heating systems, they waste large amounts of electrical and fossil-fuel power. Toxic ingredients leak from building materials and foul the air. Thirty years ago, only a few environmentally minded architects cared about such things. “Classic Modernism d
12、idnt even think about the environment,“ says James Wines, founder of SITE, a pioneering green-design firm. “The Modernists worshipped industrialism and industrial material because that was the future. “That began to change in the 1970s with that decades oil shocks, which produced a short-lived vogue
13、 for alternate heating technologies. The simultaneous rise of environmentalism also inspired what you might call hobbit architecture, cottages crowned with listless greenery and the odd solar panel. Paolo Soleris ecotopian (理想环境的) settlement, Arcosanti, began to take shape in the Arizona desert. But
14、 it wasnt until the 1990s that green architecture gained a foothold in mainstream building. That was partly the result of a growing realization that “sustainable“ buildings have lower long-term heating and cooling costs. States began offering tax incentives for construction that put less pressure on
15、 power grids (电网) or water supplies. Coming of age at the same time was a generation of architects who were knowledgeable about environmentally conscious construction materials and techniques.Four years ago, the U. S. Green Building Council, an association of architects, builders and other green spe
16、cialists, adopted the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification system, which sets out standards that a building must meet to qualify as environmentally friendly. The council estimates that today at least 3% of new building starts each year have some Earth-friendly features.
17、 “The growth of green building is driven partly by energy efficiency and other cost savings,“ says council president and CEO Christine Ervin, “but also by the need of businesses to attract the best employees. These buildings can make very attractive workplaces. “Some of them turn up in unlikely plac
18、es. In Manhattans Times Square, the 48-story headquarters of the Conde Nast publishing company produces nearly 10% of its electricity with photovoltaics and hydrogen-powered fuel cells. In what was once the abandoned B in short, youre more likely to communicate effectively.Another way to reduce unce
19、rtainty is to collect information about the person through asking others. U U 11 /U /U. （分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BPart Reading (总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、BSection A/B(总题数：1，分数：45.00)Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 que
20、stions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Could Silicon Valley become another Detroit? Its hard to i
21、magine as you crawl along the traffic-choked lanes of Routes 101 and 280 between San Francisco and San Jose, past office parks and gleaming campuses still buzzing with energy despite the recent recession-related layoffs and cutbacks. Yet some who work here see trouble on the horizon. These include t
22、op executives at HP, who are ringing an alarm bell about what they see as a looming disaster, not just for HP, but for the entire U. S. tech industry. They say that unless we boost government spending on science, technology, engineering and math-STEM, in industry term-we will be unable to keep up wi
23、th countries like China and India.At HP, the concern reaches the very highest levels of the company. Shane Robison, HPs chief strategy and technology officer, says hed like to see a permanent research-and-development tax credit, which would encourage tech companies to do more basic science research,
24、 which in turn would benefit everyone, not just the company that conducts the research. “The technology industry is one of the crown jewels of our country,“ Robison says. “Its the one industry where we stand head and shoulders above the rest of the world. We need to protect that. “Congress has more
25、pressing concerns, in the form of failing banks and automakers. But maybe we should just let the automakers die and pump money into technology instead. Detroit failed because it ignored or dismissed the threat from foreign rivals and kept on making the wrong kind of cars. In contrast, companies in t
26、he Valley are fully aware of the danger they face.Williams, a Ph.D. chemist, has spent the past decade pleading with Congress to devote more funding to research and education in the sciences. So far it hasnt happened. Last year, on a trip to India, he kept running into Indian scientists who did Ph.
27、D. s in the United States and worked here, but had recently returned to India-not for sentimental reasons, but because they wanted their kids to grow up in a place with the best opportunities, and, shockingly enough, in their minds the United States was no longer that place.In Williamss lab at HP, o
28、nly 18 of the 75 scientists were born in the United States, and 10 of those American-born researchers are over 50 years old; only six are under the age of 35. For now, HP can rely on foreign-born scientists, but “what happens when those people stop wanting to come here?“ Williams asks. “Thats the sc
29、ary part. “（分数：45.00）(1).The top executives at HP believe that U. S. will be able to keep pace with India and China only by _ on STEM.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(2).According to Shane Robison, everyone would _ basic science research encouraged by permanent research-and-development tax credit.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(3
30、).Congress thinks that _ are more urgent than the technology industry.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(4).Indian scientists returning to their homeland think that U. S. is no longer the place with the best opportunities for their _.（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_(5).Most of the researchers in Williamss lab at HP are _.（分数：9.00）填空
31、项 1:_九、BSection B/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：45.00)Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Given our roots, it should not be too surprising that citizenship was left ill-defined by the Framers. After all, this was the nation formed by citizens of other nations-a common cove
32、nant (盟约) based as much on what we rejected as what we embraced. Indeed, in the Declaration of Independence ,we defined ourselves largely by process of elimination-we would no longer live by the long list of examples of “absolute Despotism (专制). “Notably, one of the complaints was that the king “end
33、eavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing (阻碍) the Laws for Naturalization “of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither. “Of course, the matter became more complex with the ratification of the Constitution and, more important, the
34、 later adoption of the 14th Amendment in 1868. That amendment spoke directly to the issue of citizenship, stating in the very first line: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction (司法管辖) thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein
35、they reside. “ The amendment has become the battleground for opponents and advocates of birthright citizenship, with each side claiming clarity in its meaning. The fact is that the record was as confused then as it is now.The 14th Amendment was adopted in response to the infamous Dred Scott decision
36、 denying former slaves the protections of citizenship as well as “Black Codes“ that created barriers to former slaves in the South. On its face, the language would appear to support birthright citizenship. However, it has long been argued that such children are not “subject to the jurisdiction“ of t
37、he United States because their parents are properly subjects of their home country.The original debate itself offered support to both sides of todays debate. The drafter of the Citizenship Clause-Sen. Jacob Howard of Michigan -stated clearly that the clause did not include “persons born in the Unite
38、d States who are foreigners, aliens, who belong to the families of ambassadors or foreign ministers. “ This view was supported by critical leaders such as Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Lyman Trumbull of Illinois. However, other senators like John Conness of California believed that anyone born
39、 in the U. S. would be a citizen.Since the founding, we have spent more time defining the rights of citizens than citizenship itself. It is not clearly answered in the history or language of the Constitution, despite representations on both sides of the debate. Rather than continuing to question the
40、 citizenship of millions, we should first resolve what it is to be a citizen. It is not a new question, but it is a question that we might now want to answer.（分数：45.00）(1).Why was it not surprising that the citizenship of America left ill-defined by the Framers? A. The Framers derived from different
41、 roots are not so responsible for it. B. The Framers define it on the basis of what we rejected and embraced. C. The Framers couldnt reach an agreement on this issue with each other. D. The Framers defined the citizenship largely by process of elimination.（分数：9.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What was one of the com
42、plaints people made in the Declaration of Independence? A. People eliminated absolute Despotism by challenging the authority of the king. B. People endeavored to prevent the population of the states of America since then. C. People were prevented by the king from forming population in the states of
43、America. D. People were discouraged from migrating to America by Declaration of Independence.（分数：9.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is true about the 14th Amendment in 1868? A. The adoption of it is more important than the ratification of the Constitution. B. That amendment speaks directly and clearly to the iss
44、ue of citizenship. C. It has aroused battle between opponents and advocates of birthright citizenship. D. The amendment has made people confused about the clarity in its meaning.（分数：9.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the reason for the argument that some children are not “subject to the jurisdiction“ of the U
45、nited States? A. They are immigrants who were not born here. B. They are former slaves not protected by law. C. They are properly subjects of their home country. D. They are decedents of citizens of other nations.（分数：9.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. It is more urgently
46、to give answer to what it is to be a citizen rather than citizenship itself B. The definition of the rights of citizens and citizenship will remain a historical question. C. The rights of citizens and citizenship will not be clearly answered by any language. D. It will be no use continuing to questi
47、on the citizenship of millions of those in America.（分数：9.00）A.B.C.D.十一、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：45.00)Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Because of the mass inpouring of social-media networks, celebrity blogs, and endless celebrity-based reality shows, Americans have been deceived into a dangerously false sense of intimacy with the people meant only to entertain us. Its allowed us to have detailed opinions on the actions and lives of people who used to be just fleeting and mysterious images on a video o
