1、大学六级-88 及答案解析(总分：703.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.有人认为大学校园应该禁止旅游团参观； 2. 有人认为大学校园应该向旅游团开放； 3. 你的观点。 BShould the University Campus Refuse Tourists?/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BCalories/BFor years now, calories have been all the ragepeople are counting them and cutt
2、ing them, and youd be hard-pressed to find something at the supermarket that does not list its calories per serving somewhere on the package. But have you ever wondered what exactly a calorie is?BWhat Is a Calorie?/BA calorie is a unit of energy. We tend to associate calories with food, but they app
3、ly to anything containing energy. For example, a gallon (about 4 liters) of gasoline contains about 31,000,000 calories.Specifically, a calorie is the amount of energy, or heat, it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit). One calorie is equal to 4.
4、184 joules (焦耳), a common unit of energy used in the physical sciences. Most of us think of calories in relation to food, as in “This can of soda has 200 calories.“ It turns out that the calories on a food package are actually kilocalories (1,000 calories=1 kilocalorie). The word is sometimes capita
5、lized to show the difference, but usually not. A food calorie contains 4,184 joules. A can of soda containing 200 food calories contains 200,000 regular calories, or 200 kilocalories. A gallon of gasoline contains 31,000 kilocalories.The same applies to exercisewhen a fitness chart says you burn abo
6、ut 100 calories for every mile you jog, it means 100 kilocalories. For the duration of this article, when we say “calorie“, we mean “kilocalorie“BWhat Calories Do?/BHuman beings need energy to surviveto breathe, move, pump bloodand they acquire this energy from food.The number of calories in a food
7、is a measure of how-much potential energy that food possesses. A gram of carbohydrates(碳水化合物) has 4 calories, a gram of protein has 4 calories, and a gram of fat has 9 calories. Foods are a compilation of these three building blocks. So if you know how many carbohydrates, fats and proteins are in an
8、y given food, you know how many calories, or how much energy, that food contains.If we look at the nutritional label on the back of a packet of maple-and-brown-sugar oatmeal, we find that it has 160 calories. This means that if we were to pour this oatmeal into a dish, set the oatmeal on fire and ge
9、t it to burn completely (which is actually pretty tricky), the reaction would produce 160 kilocalories (remember: food calories are kilocalories)enough energy to raise the temperature of 160 kilograms of water 1 degree Celsius.If we look closer at the nutritional label, we see that our oatmeal has 2
10、 grams of fat, 4 grams of protein and 32 grams of carbohydrates, producing a total of 162 calories (apparently, food manufacturers like to round down). Of these 162 calories, 18 come from fat (9 cal2g), 16 come from protein (4 cal4g) and 128 come from carbohydrates (4 cal32g).Our bodies “burn“ the c
11、alories in the oatmeal through metabolic (新陈代谢的) processes, by which enzymes (酵素) break the carbohydrates into glucose (葡萄糖) and other sugars, the fats into glycerol (丙三醇) and fatty acids and the proteins into amino acids (氨基酸). These molecules are then transported through the bloodstream to the cel
12、ls, where they are either absorbed for immediate use or sent on to the final stage of metabolism in which they are reacted with oxygen to release their stored energy.BYour Caloric Needs/BJust how many calories do our cells need to function well? The number is different for every person. You may noti
13、ce on the nutritional labels of the foods you buy that the “percent daily values“ are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 2,000 calories is a rough average of what a person needs to eat in a day, but your body might need more or less than 2,000 calories. Height, weight, gender, age and activity level all
14、 affect your caloric needs.There are several factors that regulate how many calories we need each day. Some of these considerations are your metabolic rate (新陈代谢率), physical activity level and thermic (热的) effect of food, sleep patterns, age, gender, body mass and body size.To determine your caloric
15、 intake value for building mass, multiply your body weight by 24, while multiplying your body weight by 17 to determine your approximate maintenance level caloric intake.The main function of carbohydrates is to be a source of energy for the body. In the end, energy drawn from the breakdown of glucos
16、e and glycogen (肝糖) is used to fuel muscular contractions as well as provide a “protein sparing“ effect.Unlike the other macro-nutrients, proteins contain nitrogen (氮) which is important in the formation of new muscle tissue. The human body requires 22 different amino acids, which are found in prote
17、in, and can be classified as either essential or non-essential.Essential amino acids cant be synthesized in the body, while non-essential amino acids can be. Under normal conditions, protein serves an important role in the maintenance, repair, and growth of body tissues.Proteins make up about 15% of
18、 your total body mass and have several roles in the body. Proteins also regulate the acid/base quality of body fluids and are necessary for muscle contractions, hormone production, and the activation of metabolic processes.In the human body, fat provides the largest store of potential energy, produc
19、es hormones, strengthens cell structures, transmits nerve impulses and provides insulation (绝热) from cold environments. Fats actually contribute to about 50% of the energy required during light and moderate exercise, and this percentage rises as the work period is prolonged.BCalories, Fat and Exerci
20、se/BSo what happens if you take in more or fewer calories than your body bums? You either gain or lose fat, respectively. An accumulation of 3,500 extra calories is stored by your body as 1 pound of fatfat is the bodys way of saving energy for a rainy day. If, on the other hand, you bum 3,500 more c
21、alories than you eat, whether by exercising more or eating less, your body converts 1 pound of its stored fat into energy to make up for the deficit.One thing about exercise is that it raises your metabolic rate not only while youre huffing and puffing (忙得喘不过气来) on the treadmill (踏车). Your metabolis
22、m takes a while to return to its normal pace. It continues to function at a higher level; your body bums an increased number of calories for about two hours after youve stopped exercising.Lots of people wonder if it matters where their calories come from. At its most basic, if we eat exactly the num
23、ber of calories that we bum and if were only talking about weight, the answer is no a calorie is a calorie. A protein calorie is not different from a fat caloriethey are simply units of energy. As long as you bum what you eat, you will maintain your weight; and as long as you bum more than you eat,
24、youll lose weight.But if were talking nutrition, it definitely matters where those calories originate. Carbohydrates and proteins are healthier sources of calories than fats. Although our bodies do need a certain amount of fat to function properlyan adequate supply of fat allows your body to absorb
25、the vitamins you ingestan excess of fat can have serious health consequences.（分数：70.00）(1).As a unit, what does calorie apply to?（分数：7.00）A.Food.B.A gallon of gasoline.C.Anything containing energy.D.Exercise.(2).100 calories in a can of soda equals to _.（分数：7.00）A.200,000 regular caloriesB.100 kiloc
26、aloriesC.200 kilocaloriesD.4,184 joules(3).If you know how many carbohydrates, fats and proteins are in any given food, you know（分数：7.00）A.how much energy that food containsB.the compilation of these three building blocksC.how the energy is acquiredD.where does the food come from(4).Through which wa
27、y does the enzymes break the proteins into amino acids?（分数：7.00）A.Transportation of the molecules.B.Metabolic processes.C.Consumption of the calories.D.The final stage of metabolism.(5).A person might need _ calories to maintain a healthy condition in a day.（分数：7.00）A.no less than 2,000B.more than 2
28、,000C.less than 2,000D.roughly about 2,000(6).Your caloric intake for building mass is determined by _.（分数：7.00）A.multiplying your body weight by 24B.multiplying your body weight by 17C.your metabolic rate, physical activity level and thermic effect of foodD.your sleep patterns, age, gender, body ma
29、ss and body size(7).What has a significant position in the growth of human body tissues?（分数：7.00）A.Essential amino acids.B.Fat.C.Non-essential amino acids.D.Proteins.(8).To save energy for an unexpected situation, your body stores an accumulation of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Calories _ will not stop imm
30、ediately when your exercise is over.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).The _ of those calories is of significance when nutrition is taken into consideration.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.The man should sleep for a
31、while.B.The man should finish the job right now.C.The man should try to concentrate on the job.D.The man should get some exercises.A.Go to check the dining hall again.B.Borrow her book.C.Ask about the book at the information desk.D.Buy a new one.A.Make her topic much more general.B.To focus on a nar
32、rower topic.C.Change to an entirely new topic.D.Rewrite her research paper.A.The mans wife should try to be more understanding.B.The depression of the mans wife may he the result of her past experiences.C.The mans negative attitude may be derived from his childhood.D.It is easy for the man to help h
33、is wife out of pessimism.A.$450.B.$600.C.$750.D.$800.A.He was always late to work.B.He got furious with his boss last week.C.He made a serious mistake in a financial problem.D.He wanted to take care of his wife.A.A fight.B.A sandstorm.C.A traffic accident.D.An earthquake.A.She disagrees with father.
34、B.She wants to live in the suburbs.C.She turns a deaf ear to her husbands words.D.She is offended by the children.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.A magazine.B.The electronics industry.C.The city of Chicago.D.Their travel.A.Sales Department.B.Research
35、and Development Department.C.The Personnel Department.D.Advertising Department.A.Making new discoveries in the electronics industry.B.Designing printers.C.Selling printers.D.Looking for successful products and find out the reasons.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
36、（分数：28.00）A.In a concert hall.B.At an exhibition.C.In the National Palace Museum.D.On the plane.A.For some superstitious reasons.B.The emperor liked it.C.Only for decoration.D.For the covering of the nails.A.Yellow.B.Green.C.Red.D.Black.A.In the Qing Dynasty.B.In the Song Dynasty.C.In the 19th Centu
37、ry.D.In the 16th Century.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.They were small.B.They were fuel-efficient.C.They were oil consuming.D.They were not attractive.A.They couldnt get enough income to keep them running.B.You
38、ng people couldnt afford to pay the tuition fees.C.Keeping them running at the same level would cast much more.D.Social services need more state funds because of the recession.A.Young people couldnt afford their own tuition in the 1970s.B.Fewer parents could afford to send their children to college
39、in the 1970s.C.Its difficult for graduates from colleges to find a job in the 1970s.D.Institutions of higher education depend mainly on government in the 1970s.BPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Uniform style.B.Speed in reporting news.C.Wide cov
40、erage.D.Popularity.A.People are rarely interested in the same kind of news.B.People have different views about what a good newspaper is.C.People scan for the news they are interested in.D.Different people prefer different newspapers.A.It tries to .serve different readers.B.It has to cover things tha
41、t happen in a certain locality.C.Readers are difficult to please.D.Readers like to read different newspapers.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Right handers are more likely to have mental mistakes.B.Left handers are more liable to have accide
42、nts.C.Left handers are more skillful in handling things.D.Right handers get tired easily.A.It is interesting and exciting.B.It is perfect without any limitations.C.It is supported by the government.D.Its conclusion can be universally accepted.A.They lost their way.B.They forgot what they were doing.
43、C.They were sleepy.D.They had mental mistakes.A.Most equipment was designed for fight handers.B.Their mental stress led to their lack of concentration.C.They were careless.D.They were slow in responding.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)With the recent rapid advances in information technologies, educati
44、onal researchers at every level and in everyU (36) /Uhave developed new methods, tools, andU (37) /Ufor instruction. Their general purpose is to make the educational process teaching and learning sound much more scientific and modem. As the Internet, email andU (38) /Uhave already become parts of mo
45、st college students lives and studies nowadays; U(39) /Uthese new information technologies to engineering and science instruction is a greatU (40) /Ufor teachers and researchers. Although the effectiveness andU (41) /Uof new information technologies on education m not yet well comprehended andU (42)
46、 /U, the promises andU (43) /Uthey hold for improving education are exciting. For example, U(44) /U. By the networks, teaching and learning are no longer confined to the classrooms.Students at home and in work places can have access to learning material at any time, which makes their studying proces
47、s become easier and more convenient. U(45) /U.Students can work on learning materials m their own pace and discuss them with other people when they have questions. U(46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：9
48、0.00)The developing countries of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia once merely exported raw materials and cash crops in return for manufactured goods. People in these countries provided for most of their own needs through subsistence agriculture and small-scale crafts. In time, though, people in
