1、大学六级-86 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.BCollege Reading Room Phenomenon/B 1描述图表中的两个循环(cycle)所反映的问题 2分析引起该变化的原因 3你的结论 （分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BThe Future of the BBC/BAs a boy growing up in the 1930s in the Midlands, Norman Painting, the son of a railw
2、ay-man, listened to a new radio service from the British Broadcasting Corporation. His mother hoped he would get a job as a manager at the mine, but listening to the voices from London talking about world affairs, culture and music gave him other ideas. “The radio opened a door to the world,“ says M
3、r. Painting, who went on to Oxford University on a scholarship and became an academic before later working for the BBCs Radio 4 in its long-running soap, “The Archers“.Mr. Paintings story helps to explain Britains devotion to what it calls “public-service broadcasting“, and why the state has been st
4、anding by the BBC in the financing issue. The debate had raged for years over whether the BBC should still be publicly financed, especially by a license fee paid by all those with TV sets. The BBC hates the idea of losing its license fee. Rather than go commercial, its bosses plan to keep fighting f
5、or public financing for decades. In 2006, after a heated debate, the government renewed its financing for the next ten years through a compulsory “TV license“ on all households with TV sets. But when the current charter runs out in 2016, will the government take away its public subsides and leave th
6、e BBC to fend for itself?According to recent reports, the BBC will have to make do with annual increases below retail-price inflation, less than it asked for. Even so, it is fortunate to be handed a guaranteed income over several years. Among developed countries, only Germanys government spends more
7、 than Britains on broadcasting as a share of GDP. Americas dispenses next to nothing, preferring to leave it to the market.For the next ten years, the BBCs position looks secure. Yet its getting increasingly harder to argue that the government should make the public pay for it. The BBCs purpose, acc
8、ording to its first director-general, John Reith, was to “inform, educate and entertain“. But now the BBC cant have anything like the educative role it used to play. Though it remains Britains dominant source of in-depth news and most reliable provider of high-quality programming, changes in technol
9、ogy and media habits are splitting its audience and making it harder to tag improving shows on to entertaining ones.BServing What Public?/BIt was easy to get the teenaged Mr. Painting interested in the BBC programs because there was nothing else on. That is no longer true. First the other terrestria
10、ls sprang up: ITV, followed by Channel 4 and then Channel 5, from the 1990s, hundreds of new channels were launched on satellite and cable platforms, creating a new “multi-channel“ world. The rapid rise of the Internet has also taken a toll of the old generalist channels. People are increasingly tur
11、ning away from both the BBC and its terrestrial competitors.Two decades ago, the BBC commanded 47% of all television viewing and its rivals, ITV and Channel 4, shared the rest. According to Ofcom, the communications regulator, today, BBC1 and BBC2, its terrestrial channels, account for just 33% of a
12、ll viewing, multi-channel services (which include BBC3 and BBC4, both digital channels) win 30%. In homes with satellite or cable television, the corporations share has fallen further: BBC1 and BBC2 together have just 23% of the former and 22% of the latter.Young people especially are abandoning pub
13、lic-service programmers. According to Ofcom, in 2001, people between 16 and 24 spent 74% of their viewing time watching channels such as the BBC and Channel 4, but in 2005 only 58% of their time. Poorer, less educated viewers seem to be turning away, too. Serious material suffers most when people mo
14、ve to multi-channel television.The result, says a BBC executive, is that “we are over-serving“ middle-class 55-year-olds. The BBC is trying to widen its audience. In 2002, for example, realizing that it was hardly reaching young black people, it launched a digital radio station called 1Xtra, modeled
15、 p pirate radio.Some say the BBC fails to attract younger viewers because it takes too few risks. Channel 4, another public-service broadcaster, has a bit more youth appeal: The average age of its viewers is 45. Kevin Lygo, its director of television, says that whereas many BBC programs are “full of
16、 integrity and truthfulness but also safe, respectful, back-looking and all about heritage“. Many of the BBCs new programming offerings are “all exhumed (挖掘) from the distant past“.BThe BBCs Efforts/BBut good, innovative ideas have not entirely departed. Popular programs such as “The Office“, a bone
17、-dry comedy about a paper supply company, bas been copied by broadcasters in America, France, Canada and Germany.The BBC has long tried to tack between high-minded and populist programming in an effort to get people to watch improving stuff that they would not have encountered otherwise. But technol
18、ogy, which increases consumer choice, is complicating the task. “Hammocking“ scheduling worthy material between smash hits is a familiar BBC technique. A recent adaptation of “Bleak House“ (凉山庄), for example, was scheduled straight after “Eastenders“, a popular soap opera. But remote controls and vi
19、deo recorders have made hammocking less effective.The BBC is trying harder to conceal public service themes beneath entertainment. Its approach to ethnic minorities used to be a boring talk-show about discrimination late at night, now its cleverer, With programs such as “Apprentice“. Aspiring entrep
20、reneurs in this reality show get knocked out week after week; many of the most successful contestants are from ethnic minorities.BThe Peoples Telly/BMany households, now watch and listen to little of the BBCs output, but almost all pay 131.5 pounds a year for it. The rapid shift to digital TV makes
21、the debate whether the BBC should be publicly funded especially pressing. Set-top boxes (机顶盒) can tell whether a household has paid for a channel or not. Soon it will be practical and easy for everyone to choose whether or not subscribe to the BBC, or bits of it.Toward the end of the digital switch-
22、over, which will happen between 2008 and 2012, the government will examine other ways to finance the BBC after 2016. The likeliest change is that the television service would become partly or wholly subscription-financed. Radio would take longer to wean off public money because most radio sets now i
23、n use do not have the technology.(1,069 words)（分数：70.00）(1).The author tells the story of Norman Painting to illustrate _ .（分数：7.00）A.the BBCs educative role for the working classB.the popularity of the BBC in the 1930sC.BBCs influence on ordinary peoples career developmentD.the Britishs love for th
24、e BBC and its justification for governmental support(2).How has the BBC been financed?（分数：7.00）A.Its publicly financed.B.Its commercially financed.C.Its financed through private donations.D.Its financed through viewer subscriptions.(3).Among developed countries, _ spends the greatest share of GDP on
25、 the public broadcasting.（分数：7.00）A.US governmentB.British governmentC.German governmentD.French government(4).What has happened to the BBC with the changes in technology and media habits?（分数：7.00）A.The BBC is no longer the dominant source of in-depth news.B.The BBC is losing its audience.C.The BBC
26、programming is rapidly deteriorating in its quality.D.The BBC is replaced by the multi-channel services.(5).According to the figures released by Ofcom, which of the following currently poses the greatest threat to the BBC?（分数：7.00）A.The BBCs terrestrial competitorsB.The InternetC.The multi-channel s
27、ervices including digital channels, BBC3 and BBC4.D.Newspapers and magazines.(6).According to Kevin Lygo, the BBC fails to attract younger viewers because its programs are _ .（分数：7.00）A.too rebelliousB.a bit conservative and outdatedC.lacking in integrityD.too high-minded(7).The BBC adopts “hammocki
28、ng“ technique in order to _ .（分数：7.00）A.widen its audienceB.add youth appeal to its programsC.conceal public service themes beneath entertainmentD.get people to watch worthy stuff(8).The BBC used to present themes of ethnic minorities in a boring _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).With increasing popularity of
29、digital TV and set-top boxes, the debate on public funding for the BBC is _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).After 2016, the BBC television service is most likely to obtain its entire, or part of, funding through _ .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversati
30、on you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.She is eager to be accepted by the university.B.She is waiting to see if she could get the job from Coles.C.She is expecting to see if Cole would lend her some cash.D.She has no idea about whether she can afford the university tuition.A.Write Daisy a note of apolog
31、y.,B.Return Daisys notes in a few days.C.Apologize when Daisy is less angry.D.Let her talk to Daisy about the situation.A.Robert survived the plane crash.B.All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.C.Robert was killed in the air crash.D.Robert is a wonder-working person.A.Because she feels v
32、ery hot in the room.B.Because she wants to avoid meeting people.C.Because she wants to smoke a cigarette outside.D.Because she doesnt like the smell of smoke inside.A.The graduate students could understand the lecture.B.The undergraduate students could understand the lecture.C.Both the undergraduate
33、 and the graduate students understand the lecture.D.Neither the undergraduate nor the graduate students could understand the lecture.A.They both enjoyed watching the game.B.People were surprised at their winning the game.C.They both felt good about the results of the game.D.The man thought the resul
34、ts were beyond their expectations.A.He thinks David is not reliable.B.Hes willing to trust David.C.He has told his doubts to David.D.He thinks David will benefit from this experience.A.By going on a diet.B.By doing physical exercise.C.By having fewer meals.D.By eating fruit and vegetables.Questions
35、19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.New foods to try when traveling.B.Making reservations for the best travel.C.Avoiding gaining weight while traveling.D.Adjusting to time changes when traveling.A.It changes the bodys metabolism through rapid weight gain.B.It trick
36、s the body into responding as if it were in a different time zone.C.It promotes increased alertness by adding snacks to the diet.D.It builds resistance to illness by increasing intake of vitamins.A.He feels rushed.B.He hates to pack.C.He doesnt like to restrict his diet.D.Hes worried about his lectu
37、re.A.He has a big appetite.B.He eats only at regulate mealtimes.C.He avoids new foods.D.He eats only healthful foods.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.She had moved out of the old address.B.She ignored it.C.The library didnt try to inform her about i
38、t.D.The landlord refused to give the books back to her.A.She Was too busy to remember if she had returned them.B.She didnt return them in fact.C.She gave them to the landlord to return.D.She did return them but somehow the library made a mistake.A.Pay for the lost books.B.Reconfirm with the library
39、that the books were returned.C.Check to see if the books are still at her home.D.Check to see if the books are at Henzers place.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Training given to music therapists.B.How music preve
40、nts disease.C.Studies on the benefits of music.D.How musicians create music.A.To replace physical therapy.B.To control brain seizures.C.To prevent heart disease.D.To relieve tension.A.Music they like can relieve depression but distract attention.B.Music they like can reduce stress and improve concen
41、tration.C.Classical music and rock-and-roll increase their heart rate and expand the breathing.D.Wearing headphones can help concentrate when they are performing operations.A.It increased the students white blood cell count.B.It increased some students energy level.C.It improved the students ability
42、 to play musical instruments.D.It released a natural painkiller in some students bodies.BPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Workers on the platforms and trains were replaced by machines.B.A completely automatic line was added to its network.C.It
43、became the first completely automatic railway in the world.D.Its trains became manual-controlled.A.A platform worker.B.A computer.C.The command spot.D.A machine.A.To drive the train after it is started automatically.B.To start the train and to drive it when necessary.C.To take care of the passengers
44、 on the train.D.To send commanding signals to the command spot.BPassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.10 points.B.2 points.C.15 points:D.5 points.A.An essay.B.A magazine article.C.A poem.D.A short story.A.They will take one of the six major tests.
45、B.They will be given a pop test.C.They will be required to read a short story in class.D.They will have to write a composition.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but thisU (36) /Udrops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year olds the
46、re are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of maleU (37) /Uis being changed. Now, boy babiesU (38) /Ualmost as well as girls do. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavyU (39) /Ualmost certain de
47、ath. Today it makes almost noU (40) /U. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way toU (41) /Uevolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are asU (42) /Uas in the past. Nowadays the number of births, like the age o
48、f death, has becomeU (43) /U.Again,U (44) /U.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature.U (45) /U. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his Comprehension.“ No doubt we will re- member
