1、大学六级-35 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：103.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Commercial Bribery by commenting on the famous saying, “Money makes the mare go. “ You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
2、.Commercial Bribery（分数：103.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, c
3、omplete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Pollution: A Life and Death IssueOne of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earths environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious examplewe do not have the option of growing food, or find
4、ing enough water, on a squeaky-clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess as the first place. Living in a way that is l
5、ess damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization (WHO)says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors t
6、hrough using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal (痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water.Soil: contamin
7、ated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and sl
8、urry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.Chronic ProblemChemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come t
9、o mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 720% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body, especially in the young, says that we may “be conducting a large-scale experiment with c
10、hildrens health“.Some man-made chemicals, endocrine (内分泌的) disruptors like phthalates (酞酸盐) and nonylphenola breakdown product of spermicides(杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergentsare blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bearsso not even the Arctic is i
11、mmune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 are thought never to have been comprehensively tested for their possible risks to people.At first glance, the plasti
12、c buckets stacked in the corner of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor communitys fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network
13、of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plants.In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legis
14、lation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick.Trade-offBut the snag is that modern society de
15、mands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs to be made.The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous sy
16、stem, but can also be effective against malaria(疟疾). Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.Anot
17、her complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate
18、 changethe countries of the world share one atmosphere and what one does can affect everyone.For One and AllOne of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simplethe polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to wo
19、rk out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer.Previous generations worked on the assumption that di
20、scarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident that they would be dispersed in the depths.We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, “theres no such place as away, and theres no such person as
21、 the other.“Irritating AirDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durbans Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U. S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Eng
22、en plant suffered from asthma (哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma amon
23、g the school population.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from
24、a particular plant.Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engens stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. “We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated
25、in the constitution,“ he said.Legislative ChangeA new batch (批)of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislation with tighter controls and tougher sanctions.Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of
26、 environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. “I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long overdue,“ he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.The local authorities hav
27、e also established a “Multi-Point Plan“ for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.（分数：70.00）(1).According to World Health Organization, how many people are killed by outdoor air pollution? A. 3 mill
28、ion B. 2.1 million C. 1.6 million D. 3.2 million（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Land can be polluted by _ from agriculture. A. heavy metals B. pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizers C. slurry from livestock D. rubbish（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What kind of animals affected by man-made chemicals is not referred in t
29、he passage? A. Polar bears. B. Mammals. C. People. D. Birds.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do local residents claim for? A. They are sick because of years of pollution. B. They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps. C. They are sick because of pesticides from agriculture. D. They are sick bec
30、ause of air pollution.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The pesticide DDT can be effective against _. A. malaria B. wildlife C. animals D. human nervous system（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).There is a U.N. convention that can cover _. A. problem between neighbors B. problem between states which do not share a border C. pr
31、oblems on air pollution D. trans-boundary air pollution（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves? A. Throw less away. B. Design recyclable products. C. Dont use it again. D. Last longer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).It is found that increases in air pollution tended to
32、_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin ea
33、rlier this year and said there were measures in place to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear eight short conversations and two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be ask
34、ed about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 wi
35、th a single line through the center.（分数：35.00）(1). A.He agrees that the speaker was fascinating. B. He thinks the speaker was only partly fascinating. C. He could understand all of it. D. He thought the speaker was too boring.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Go and buy another ticket next week. B. Wait and
36、see if a new encore performance will be held. C. Have another opening next week. D. Forget about it since it is opening somewhere else.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. The job is not rewarding but challenging. B. The job is both challenging and rewarding. C. The job has both its strength and weakness. D. Th
37、e job is hard work and the pay is not satisfactory.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. The man should mark time. B. The man should study very slowly. C. The man should not try to learn too much too fast. D. The man should try to understand the picture first.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. The excessive amount of medi
38、cine. B. Too little sleep. C. A tight hat. D. The strong sunshine.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. She didnt like the food there. B. The food there is the best in the area. C. French food is not as good as Chinese food. D. She didnt know what the food was like there.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. She sh
39、ould invest in the project. B. She shouldnt invest in the project. C. She should invest in other projects. D. She should deposit her money in a bank.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. She doesnt agree with him. B. She agrees with him partially. C. She advises him to be careful. D. She suggests that he be stri
40、ct with his son.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. a standard unit for measuring weight. B. how to care for precious metals. C. the value of precious metals. D. using the metric system.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. to measure amounts o
41、f rainfall. B. to check the accuracy of scales. C. to observe changes in the atmosphere. D. to calculate the density of other metals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. it is too high for such a light weight. B. it is difficult to judge the value of such an object. C. it is a small amount to pay for so much pr
42、ecious metal. D. it is reasonable for an object with such an important function.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. Because her parents love her very much. B. Because her parents never force her to do anything she doesnt want to do
43、. C. Because she is allowed to have her career. D. Because she has too much freedom.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. She didnt need her parents money any more. B. She began to get on well with her parents. C. She always stayed with her parents. D. She rented a government house and lived alone.（分数：7.00）A.B.C
44、.D.(3). A. They allowed him to come to England immediately. B. They thought he should go abroad as a child. C. They were reluctant until their son persuaded them. D. They tried to control his English study.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. The two speakers are from different countries. B. The man gets along
45、very well with his parents. C. British parents never interfere with their children. D. The man doesnt like his parents at all.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both
46、 the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from, the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on t
47、he passage you have just heard. （分数：21.00）(1). A. At Harvard. B. At West Point. C. At the Carlisle Indian School. D. At the Olympic Games held in Stockholm.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A.They held grand banquets in his honor. B. They welcomed him with parades and celebration. C. They gave him a title. D. T
48、hey made him a professional athlete.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Because someone found out that Thorpe had been using drugs. B. Because Thorpe had once been an amateur athlete. C. Because Thorpes fame began to decline after the Olympic Games. D. Because Thorpe had been a professional athlete at one time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage twoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：28.00）(1). A. Wealthy parents. B. The taste of the audience. C. Talent. D. Luck.
