1、大学六级-14 及答案解析(总分：628.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1我在国家主张建立和谐社会 2我心目中的和谐社会 3为了达到 样的目标我们应该如何做 BA Harmonious Society in My Mind/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BDirections:/BI In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions
2、on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B) , C) and D ). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage./IBHow to Solve Three Puzzles/BNew knowledge and sophisticated diagnostic techniques are helping doctor
3、s recognize early signs of autism (孤独症), Alzheimers disease(痴呆症) and heart problems in women. Harvard experts report on the advances that are giving patients hope.B Detecting Autism/BEarly diagnosis (诊断)of autism is critical because educational programs that build upon a childs strengths and improve
4、 social skills may help sculpt the developing brain, minimizing the impact of the illness later in life. But spotting the disorder is hard since there is no test for it, although scientists are slowly uncovering gene abnormalities that make children vulnerable to autism. Last week The New England Jo
5、urnal of Medicine reported that a specific location on chromosome(染色体) 16 was the site of mutations responsible for so me cases of autism.For now, diagnosis depends on observing a childs behavior. Its a complex process, since no two cases are alike and signs range from mild to severe, landed, even t
6、hough signs of autism may be apparent before their first birthday, most children arent diagnosed until the age of 3. That makes parents, who are so intimately familiar with their childs behavior, perhaps the most effective diagnostic” tools. “The American Academy of Pediatrics recently issued screen
7、ing guidelines recommending that pediatricians engage parents in evaluating infants for autism. Even babies developing typically, the guidelines say, should be screened at set intervals, such as during the 9-, 18- and 24-month visits.Healthy infants as young as 6 or 8 months do communicate and respo
8、nd nonverbally to social cues. Most lo ok up or turn at the sound of their name. By 12 months they typically babble and point at objects. By 16 months they say single words; by 24 months, two-word phrases. In contrast, children with autism seldom make meaningful eye contact or respond to familiar vo
9、ices. They may never speak. Their play is often repetitive and characterized by limited imagination (neatly arranging crayons instead of coloring with them). Others may simply flap their hands in excitement or disappointment.On their own, none of these signs means that a child has autism or another
10、developmental disorder. Nevertheless, if your child has any of these signs, he or she merits evaluation. Although no treatments are curative, they can help children learn the skills they need to cope in a normal environment, achieve greater independence and have brighter futures.B The Alzheimers Mys
11、tery/BAlzheimers disease, which begins years, even decades, before it causes symptoms, is a quietly ticking time bomb. But until recently doctors had no diagnostic test that could “hear“ the ticking. Unfortunately, it didnt matter much that Alzheimers couldnt be spotted early at a stage called mild
12、cognitive impairment, or MCI-since there were no treatments. Today, however, there are new diagnostic tests that can detect Alzheimers at an early stage, and several disease-modifying drugs are in advanced clinical trials.The brain shrinkage(萎缩) caused by Alzheimers can now be measured with volumetr
13、ic magnetic resonance imaging (MR1). This technique takes a series of MRI brain scans and then uses sophisticated mathematical models to analyze the results. Most important, volumetric MRI enables researchers to identify subtle shrinkage in bra in areas first affected by Alzheimers, such as the hipp
14、ocampus, which is involved in memory.Another technology in limited clinical use is fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET). Images produced by FDG-PET reveal patterns of glucose metabolism (葡萄糖新陈代谢)in the cerebral cortex, the site of abstract thought, reasoning and learning. Beca
15、use active neurons guzzle glucose for energy, diminished uptake in a specific pattern can denote Alzheimers. In the research setting, scientists have even used FDG-PET to identify people who do not yet have Alzheimers but are at risk for developing it, or f or developing mild cognitive impairment.A
16、different kind of PET-scan technology builds on recent discoveries about amyloidal plaques and tau tangles, the neuron-killing proteins that accumulate in the brains of Alzheimers patients. Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have developed Pittsburgh Compound-B, or PIB. When injected into t
17、he blood, this com pound binds to amyloid plaques in the brain, allowing them to be detected on PET scans. PET scans with PIB clearly distinguish people with Alzheimers from healthy people. They may also help identify people with the progressive form of MCI.Taking a different approach, other researc
18、hers are identifying early changes in the levels of particular bring proteins in cerebrospinal fluid. (The clear spinal fluid constantly bathes the brain and spinal cord.) Spinal-fluid levels of the protein tau are typically elevated in Alzheimers, and an altered version of the tau protein, known as
19、 phosphorylated tau, can be detected early in Alzheimers. Lowered spinal-fluid concentrations of an altered version of beta-amyloid, called AB42, are typical in Alzheimers and can also help identify people with mild cognitive impairment who are most likely to progress to Alzheimers.Although all thes
20、e new imaging and biochemical developments are individually promising, the combine ion of several different imaging tests and biochemical markers may yield the most accurate diagnosis. For example, scientists at the New York University School of Medicine have reported that combining volumetric MRI o
21、f the hippocampus with spinal-fluid measures of phosphorylated tau and isoprostanea marker of oxidative stress-improved diagnostic accuracy in identifying people with mild cognitive impairment who are most likely to progress to Alzheimers.B Heart Disease in Women/BWhen it comes to diagnosing the mos
22、t common kind of heart disease, some cardiologists share Henry Higginss lament in “My Fair Lady“: “Why cant a woman be more like a man? Thats because many women dont have the typical symptoms, like crushing chest pain and shortness of breath brought on by physical activity or stress. Instead, they h
23、ave diffuse discomfort in the chest, unusual exhaustion or depression without an apparent reason. To make matters worse, the tests considered best at diagnosing coronary-artery disease generally dont work as well for women as they do for men. As a result, an alarming number of women with heart disea
24、se go undiagnosed and untreated despite repeated visits to the doctor and the emergency room.Blood flows to heart muscle first through large arteries (the coronary arteries) and then through a branching network of smaller blood vessels. The symptoms of heart disease, in men or women, often result fr
25、om cholesterol-filled plaques that can slow and completely block the flow of blood to the heart muscle. This type of heart disease, which has been recognized for a century, can be seen with tests such as coronary angiograms (or arteriogram) and, less well, with noninvasive tests such as special CT a
26、nd MRI scans.In just the past decade, researchers have learned that many women with chest pain and other symptoms of heart disease have a condition called coronary microvascular disease, which affects the hearts smallest arteries. This fundamentally different form of heart disease is as common and a
27、s costly as all female-specific cancers com bind, affecting as many as 3 million American women. It affects men, too, but not nearly as often.Many doctors have not yet heard about coronary micro-vascular disease. Currently, the most definitive test involves measuring coronary-artery flow reserve or
28、coronary reactivity. It involves threading an ultra thin wire with blood-flow sensors at the tip deep into a coronary artery. Blood flow in the artery is then measured be fore and after injections of one or more medications that should cause the micro-vessels to dilate. An alternative, noninvasive w
29、ay of detecting micro-vascular disease is with cardiac MRI. This scan measures the amount of blood fl owing into the heart muscle before and after the heart is infused with a drug that dilates the micro-vessels. As with the coronary-reactivity test, if blood flow does not increase, there is disease
30、of the micro-vessels.If you are a woman with recurrent chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, unexplainable exhaustion and depression, you may need special evaluation even if you have clear arteries on an angiogram. If your doctor says theres nothing wrong, ask for a second opinion at one of
31、 a growing number of womens cardio vascular-care centers. You may have coronary micro-vascular disease.（分数：70.00）(1).According to the passage, heart problems nowadays are medical difficulties, especially when they occur in _. A. men B. women C. the young D. the old（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why is it so h
32、ard to diagnose the autism? A. Because there still exists no test for diagnosis by now. B. Because diagnosis of the same autism cases are different. C. Because scientists make no progress in uncovering the genetic factors. D. Because none of the signs of autism is obvious to be diagnosed.（分数：7.00）A.
33、B.C.D.(3).How old are those babies without autism when they start to say single words? A. By 6 or 8 months. B. By 12 months. C. By 16 months. D. By 24 months.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The brain shrinkage caused by Alzheimer can now be measured with_. A. the hippocampus B. brain scans C. mathematical mode
34、ls to analyze the results D. volumetric magnetic resonance imaging（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Those images produced by FDG-PET can reveal_. A. the number of glucose metabolism B. the size of glucose metabolism C. the pattern of glucose metabolism D. the distribution of glucose metabolism（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6
35、).The report of the New York University School of Medicine has proved that the most efficient technol ogy for diagnosing Alzheimer is_. A. the combination of different technologies B. FDG-PET technology C. PIB technology D. MR1 technology（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Why are there an alarming number of women
36、 with heart disease who go undiagnosed? A. Because many women dont visit the doctor even if they have some heart problems. B. Because many women dont have the typical symptoms like men for diagnosis. C. Because there is no scientific test for heart problems. D. Because women are unwilling to make th
37、eir heart problems known.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).The symptoms of heart disease, in men or women, are often caused by_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Besides the way of threading an ultra thin wire with blood-flow sensors, another noninvasive way of detecting micro-vascular disease is to use_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).
38、A woman needs special evaluation if she has some symptoms, such as recurrent chest pain and unexplained able_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BDirections:/BI In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of eac
39、h conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pa use, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then
40、mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre./IBQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：56.00）(1). A. Go to the parties. B. Go for a ride with the man. C. Study for her exam. D. Change her clothes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. T
41、he air pollution is caused by the development of industry. B. The city was poor because there wasnt much industry then. C. The womans exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution. D. He might move to another city very soon.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. He believes dancing is enjoyable. B. He definitely
42、does not like dancing. C. He admires those who dance. D. He wont dance until he has done his work.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. He admires Jeans straightforwardness. B. He thinks Dr. Brown deserves the praise. C. He will talk to Jean about what happened. D. He believes Jean was rude to Dr. Brown.（分数：7.00
43、）A.B.C.D.(5). A. The woman had been planning for the conference. B. The woman called the man but the line was busy. C. The woman didnt come back until midnight. D. The woman had guests all evening.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6). A. He shows great enthusiasm for his studies. B. He is a very versatile person. C
44、. He has no talent for tennis. D. He does not study hard enough.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7). A. He has managed to sell a number of cars. B. He is contented with his current position. C. He might get fired. D. He has lost his job（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8). A. Jerry stayed in a room on the third floor for an hour.
45、 B. Jerry was absent when the discussion was being held. C. Nobody but the woman noticed that Jerry was absent. D. Jerry did not leave room 405 until an hour had passed.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：21.00）(1). A. To provide language lea
46、rning opportunities. B. To teach students how to be expert in computer. C. To provide work opportunities for graduating students in the community. D. To help students pass math exam.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. English grammar. B. English literature. C. Intercultural communication. D. Mathematics class.
47、（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. By May 29th. B. By June 29th. C. By July 29th. D. By April 29th.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.BQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B （分数：28.00）(1). A. Video and online games. B. Hazards of a high-tech society. C. Relationships on campus. D. Internet addi
48、tions.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Because they lack self-discipline in their studies. B. Because they spend too much time on the Internet. C. Because they have not exerted their utmost. D. Because they have developed poor relationships with teachers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. The impulse to go online begins to affect other areas of life. B. One begins to feel anxious or depressed or lonely if online. C. One
