1、大学六级-147 及答案解析(总分：703.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.现如今各种考试的辅导班越来越多2人们对此看法不一3你的观点BDoes Intensive Training Courses Really Help/B_（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BThink out-of-the-box/BBritish physician, author, inventor, and consultant Edward de Bono has had a major impa
2、ct on the way we think and particularly in the field of creativity. He coined the phrase “lateral thinking“ (水平思考) which involves approaching problems from diverse, unexpected angles and from different perspectives. Dr. de Bono meant to differentiate lateral thinkingin which you push the mind to mak
3、e sudden turns- from vertical thinking, which is logical and sequential thinking.Lateral thinking can be learned, and Dr. de Bono has created several techniques to help you apply lateral thinking to problem solving and idea generation. Some of these are the following: think of as many different alte
4、rnatives for solving a problem as you possibly can; challenge any assumptions you may have about your problem; and insert random elements which will encourage you to look at the problem from a different and unexpected perspective.Challenge your assumptionsAssumptions are mental shortcuts: we assume
5、that a situation were facing is like other situations weve encountered before, and that what worked then will work once again. In fact, the more experienced we are in a particular area, the more likely we are Io bring lots of baggage to the problem, which can inhibit us from finding novel and creati
6、ve solutions.In order to challenge your assumptions, write down all of the dominant ideas that apply to a particular situation and then deliberately challenge them. List all of the assumptions that youre making and next to each one write a counter-assumptionnot necessarily its negation, but its oppo
7、site.Once you drop preconceived notions youre more likely to find better solutions. One approachsuggested by Jurgen Wolff on his blog Time to Write is to pretend that youre a Martian(火星人) that has just landed on earth and is seeing things on this planet for the first time. This would put you in a po
8、sition of questioning everything, seeing your problem or situation with completely fresh eyes, and taking nothing for granted.introduce random elementsSelecting a random element that has absolutely no connection to the problem at hand provides an unexpected entry point to the problem so that you can
9、 face it from a unique angle. Ive mentioned using a random word as an initial stimulus on this blog before. De Bono explains that the brain is so good at making connections that it will find a way to connect the random word to the problem at hand, no matter how remote the word may seem.Take a word f
10、rom a random word generatoror open the dictionary to a random page and select a word extract its underlying principles, and then apply them to your problem. Be careful not to discard a specific word because you simply conclude that its of no use and then getting another word instead. If you do this
11、youre probably just looking for a word that would neatly fit the problem youre trying to solve. Instead of a word, you can also use a picture as the random element or even an object.In addition, the random element that you introduce can be a “false rule“. Basically, you take a rule, quote, idea or s
12、uggestion from somewhere else and apply it to your own situation.How does applying the “false rule“ to your problem make you see it differently? What new elements does it introduce? How does it shift your perception of the problem? Does the general principle of the rule also apply to your problem?Th
13、e general principle of the random input, whether its a word, picture, object or false rule, is to open up new lines of thinking. If youre stuck and have run out of ideas during the creative thinking process, try a random element to help you find a starting point.Two lateral thinking puzzlesHere are
14、two lateral thinking puzzles for you to try and resolve (the answers are provided below, but make an effort to resolve the problems before looking at the answer):1. Acting on an anonymous phone call, the police raid a house to arrest a suspected murderer. They dont know what he looks like, but they
15、know his name is John. Inside they find a carpenter, a taxi driver, a car mechanic and a fireman playing cards. Without even asking his name, they immediately arrest the fireman. How do they know theyve got their man?2. A murderer is condemned to death. He has to choose between three rooms. The firs
16、t is full of raging fires, the second is full of assassins(刺客) with loaded guns, and the third is full of lions that havent eaten in 3 years. Which room is safest for him?Solutions to the two lateral thinking problems aboveThe solution to the first problem above is that there was only one man sittin
17、g at the table; the other three, the carpenter, the taxi driver, and the mechanic were women.As for the second problem, the safest room is the third. Lions that havent eaten in three years are dead.Lesson in lateral thinkingEdward de Bono tells the story of a farmer in a small Indian village who owe
18、d lots of money to the village moneylender and did not have the means to pay it back. The moneylender was old and ugly and was attracted to the farmers beautiful young daughter. The devious moneylender proposed the following: he would pick up two pebbles from the roadone black and one whiteand put t
19、hem in a bag. The girl would then put her hand in the bag and take out a pebble.If she took out the black pebble, she had to marry the moneylender and her fathers debt would be forgiven. If she took out the white pebble, she didnt have to marry the moneylender and her fathers debt would still be for
20、given. If she refused to take out a pebble her father would be put in jail.As the moneylender bent down to pick up the pebbles from the road, the girl noticed that he picked up two black pebbles and put them in the bag. What should she do? If youre using logical thinking you would probably conclude
21、that the girl should show that there were two black pebbles in the bag and expose the moneylender as a cheat.However, what the girl did was to put her hand in the bag and take out a pebble. She then pretended to stumble and let the pebble fall onto the pebble-strewn path where it immediately became
22、lost among all the other pebbles.“Oh, how clumsy of me, she said, “But never mind, if you look into the bag for the one thats left, you will be able to tell which pebble I picked.“Obviously, since the pebble that was left in the bag was black, then she must have picked the white pebble. Since the mo
23、neylender couldnt admit what he had done, the girl effectively turned what looked like an impossible situation into an advantage.ConclusionWhile logic is concerned with “truth“ and “what is“, lateral thinking is concerned with “possibilities“ and “what could be“. You can train your mind to automatic
24、ally approach situations from different angles and perspectives. One way to this is by solving lateral thinking puzzles, which demand an open mind and a creative approach.（分数：70.00）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：7.00）A.The definition of creativity.B.The achievements of Edward de Bono.C.The
25、 introduction of the lateral thinking theory.D.The difference between lateral thinking and vertical thinking.(2).According to Bono, in lateral thinking we shouldnt deal with problems_.（分数：7.00）A.in an unpredicted wayB.from various and different perspectivesC.by sudden changes in the way of thinkingD
26、.by following the regular logic and sequence(3).Which of the following techniques concerning lateral thinking is NOT mentioned in the passage?（分数：7.00）A.Trying to figure out the maximum of solutions to the problem.B.Trying to handle the situation from a macroscopic perspective.C.Trying to question y
27、our presumptions about the problem.D.Trying to add in unselected factors to bring you unexpected inspiration.(4).According to the passage, in certain situations our former experiences _.（分数：7.00）A.will always work once againB.can improve the efficiency of solving problemsC.can be our personal treasu
28、reD.may hinder us from conceiving better ideas(5).By pretending to be a Martian, we may _.（分数：7.00）A.feel relaxed and interested in solving the problemB.find a way out to escape the problem temporarilyC.avoid stereotypes and see the problem from a fresh angleD.find out the significance of imaginatio
29、n(6).Once you cant see any use out of the word you take at random, _.（分数：7.00）A.try to take another random wordB.keep trying to connect it to the present problemC.look for a proper word to your problemD.replace the word with a picture or an object at once(7).When a “false rule“ is applied to your si
30、tuation, _.（分数：7.00）A.it can be of no help with your problemB.it may mislead you to a false directionC.it may make your problem more complicatedD.it may offer you a brand-new outlook(8).Some people may fail to figure out puzzle 2, possibly because they didnt realize, without food for 3 years, the li
31、ons should have been _ rather than hungry and more dangerous.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).In The Tale of Two Pebbles, with the creative way of thinking, the girl eventually reversed the unfavorable condition and gained _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Solving lateral thinking puzzles is one good choice for you to deve
32、lop _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)（分数：56.00）A.The jacket was cut by the woman.B.The jacket doesnt fit the woman around arm and leg area.C.The jacket was designed by the woman.D.The woman spent a lot of money on the jacket.A.The man should schedule an ear examination without dela
33、y.B.The man should do some listening practice.C.The women should order an appointment book.D.The woman should make a list of what he needs to do.A.The woman should buy a famous brand.B.The washing machine should have worked longer.C.The woman should consider buying a new one.D.The washing machine wa
34、s not a good investment.A.She is too busy with her work and can not go.B.She wants him to check whether it is going to rain.C.She will surely enjoy the picnic tomorrow.D.She wants the man to help her.A.She will go the exhibit with the man.B.She will stay at home and rest.C.She will find out when the
35、 exhibit opens.D.She will help the man to prepare the exhibit.A.The man is painting a bookcase.B.The woman is choosing a new bed.C.The woman is looking out of the window.D.The woman is rearranging her furniture.A.The work is hard job with low salary.B.The job is easy work with good income.C.The job
36、is challenging but rewarding.D.The only good thing about the work is to meet new people.A.At a concert.B.At the campus canteen.C.In a supermarket.D.At a museum entrance.BQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.To ask permission to go to America.B.To confirm
37、 his business trip schedule.C.To ask how to draft a schedule.D.To consult her business trip.A.It is luxurious.B.It is grand.C.It has classical style.D.It has good reputation.A.About four days.B.About three days.C.About two days.D.About one day.A.To call the man later about the schedule.B.To change t
38、he arrangement.C.To find out wharfs the weather will be like in the two cities.D.To check the mans flight.BQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.The production cost.B.The financial outlay.C.The bank loans.D.The production line.A.About 64%.B.About 51%.C.Ab
39、out 49%.D.About 32%.A.The board.B.The manager.C.The chairman.D.The chief engineer.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.During their employment.B.When they have found a job.C.During their childhood.D.When they are in c
40、ollege.A.To choose some courses for their children.B.To help them read online.C.To tell children to work hard.D.To show respect to childrens interest.A.To develop their own hobbies.B.To understand their future career.C.To know something about the media.D.To understand their future career.A.Whether i
41、t is good for childrens psychological health.B.Whether the show is interesting.C.Whether the show is related to parenting.D.Whether the children like the channel.BPassage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.The internet address.B.A giant network of comput
42、ers.C.An electronic mail.D.The US postal service.A.Because it can send email.B.Because it offers online discussion.C.Because it is visible and audible.D.Because it provides chatting service.A.The local government.B.The internet user.C.Some special organization.D.None has been mentioned.BPassage Thre
43、eQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.They taste the same as the original.B.They taste better than the original.C.Theyre less typical than the originalD.Theyre great in diversity.A.In New England.B.In the South.C.In the Midwest.D.In the North.A.Fried chicken.
44、B.Different kinds of jelly.C.Some instant foods.D.Fried rice.五、BSection C/B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Americans are a highly U(36) /U people. What factors cause them to move? The desire for economic betterment is U(37) /U the most important force inducing migration.Thus the U(38) /U and direction of migration
45、are usually determined by U(39) /U difference in U(40) /U factors, as U(41) /U by such ones as differences in employment U(42) /U and differences in the U(43) /U and the price of land for farmers. Here is a case showing clearly the trend of migration in the country. When New England was declining in
46、 textile industry, there were many people moving out of it. When California has the phenomenal growth of electronic industry, there is a large scale of in- migration to the state. However, U(44) /U.Since 1970, there has appeared a new trend of migration in America. More Americans migrated from citie
47、s to suburbs. There are several factors for this phenomenon. The construction of express highways made it possible for people to live farther away from their jobs. U(45) /U. Besides these economic and technological changes, important social factors were involved. Suburban areas offered more living space than cities and less pollution. Many middle-income families now live in the suburbs. U (46) /U . Despite the new trend in migration, about 70 percent of American population are still living in metropolitan areas.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_
