1、大学六级-119 及答案解析(总分：733.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.许多大学生缺乏明确的职业规划 2职业规划的重要性 3我的看法 B Do College Students Need Career Orientation?/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BDirections:/B IIn this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questi
2、ons on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the s
3、entences with the information given in the passage./IBPollution: A Life and Death Issue/BOne of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earths environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious example-we do not have the option of growing food, or finding eno
4、ugh water, on a squeaky- clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mass in the first place. Living in a way that is less da
5、maging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors throug
6、h using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal(痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water:Soil: contaminated l
7、and is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry f
8、rom livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.BChronic Problem/BChemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to m
9、ind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 720% of cancers are attributable to poor air end pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body, especially in the young, says we may “be conducting a large-scale experiment with childrens
10、 health“.Some man-made chemicals, endocrine (内分泌) disruptors like phthalates (酞酸盐) and nonylphenol-a breakdown product of spermicides (杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents-are blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bears-so not even the Arctic is immune
11、. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 am thought never to have been comprehensively tested for theft possible risks to people.At fast glance, the plastic bucke
12、ts stacked in the comer of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor communitys fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local
13、 volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plants.In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation o
14、n air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick.BTrade-off/BBut the snag is that modern society demands
15、 many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs m be made.The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system,
16、but can also be effective against malaria(疟疾). Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.Another co
17、mplication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate chang
18、e-the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.BFor One and All/BOne of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple-the polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to wo
19、rk out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer.Previous generations worked on the assumption that di
20、scarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, “theres no such place as away, and theres no such person as the
21、other.“BIrritating Air/BDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durbans Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U.S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen
22、plant suffered from asthma(哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among th
23、e school population.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a pa
24、rticular plant.Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engens stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. “We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in t
25、he constitution,“ he said.BLegislative Change/BA new batch(批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislation with fighter controls and tougher sanctions.Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of
26、environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. “I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long overdue,“ he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation.The local authorities have
27、 also established a “Multi-Point Plan“ for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years.（分数：70.00）(1).According to World Health Organization, how many people am killed by outdoor air pollution? A. 3 millio
28、n B. 2.1 million C. 1.6 million D. 3.2 million（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, land can be polluted by _ from agriculture. A. heavy metals B. pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizers C. slurry from livestock D. rubbish（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What kind of animal affected by man-made chemica
29、ls is not referred in the passage? A. Polar bears. B. Mammals. C. People. D. Birds.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What do local residents claim for? A. They are sick because of years of pollution. B. They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps. C. They are sick because of pesticides from agricultur
30、e. D. They are sick because of air pollution.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The pesticide DDT can be effective against _. A. malaria B. wildlife C. animals D. human nervous system（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).There is a U. N. convention that can cover _. A. problem between neighbors B. problem between states which do
31、not share a border C. problems on air pollution D. trans-boundary air pollution（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves? A. Throw less away. B. Design recycled products. C. Dont use it again. D. Last longer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).It found that increases in air p
32、ollution tended to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the so
33、uth Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：3，分数：133.00)BDirections:/B IIn this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more ques
34、tions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answ
35、er Sheet 2 with a single line through the center./I（分数：56.00）(1). A. Camp in the mountains. B. Stay at his own house. C. Write to his girlfriend. D. Hold his uncles mails.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. He doesnt understand his staff. B. His computer doesnt work properly. C. He doesnt know how to apply com
36、puter theory. D. He is unable to add the figures.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Cowardly. B. Anxious. C. Lazy. D. Courageous.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. She made a reservation for the 9:00 flight. B. She changed the reservation. C. She found they were late for the 8:00 flight. D. She misunderstood the man.（分
37、数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. He couldnt make any sense out of his course. B. He hasnt taken more than one philosophy course. C. He is a philosophy major. D. He hasnt taken any philosophy course in that department.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6). A. A dentist. B. A cook. C. A dietician. D. A twirler.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.
38、(7). A. Go for a swim. B. Make better use of time. C. Follow the official procedure. D. Watch television.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8). A. She doubts he makes much money now. B. Shes surprised that he chose that company. C. She doesnt know when her classes started. D. She wonders why hes kept his job.（分数：7.0
39、0）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. They hate each other. B. They cherish each other. C. The boy care about the girl very much. D. The boy jokes the girl.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Red. B. Black. C. White. D. Not all of the above.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. The girls friend. B. Their another sister. C. The boys
40、dream girl. D. A pop star.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：56.00）(1). A. Only hold one party. B. Keep the party small. C. Keep the party a secret. D. Arrange the party only by they two.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The man can come another time. B. There would be more fun without the mans roommate. C. It is no probl
41、em if the mans roommate refuses to come. D. The man can bring the roommate along and enjoy the party.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Linda made her own guitar. B. Linda taught herself to play the piano. C. Linda taught herself to play the guitar. D. Linda doesnt have much talent for music.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.
42、(4). A. He shouldnt have apologized. B. He will find a better way of apologizing. C. He couldnt find a right word to make an apology. D. His friend is asking for more than just an apology.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. She offered to help the man. B. She borrowed the books from the man. C. She brought the
43、 books the man asked for. D. She let the man use her books for the weekend.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6). A. The woman likes arguing, B. The woman should get a job. C. The woman should work in a factory. D. The woman spends too much money.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7). A. She is eager to be accepted by the university
44、. B. She is waiting to see if she could get the job from Coles. C. She is expecting to see if Cole would lend her some cash. D. She has no idea about whether she can afford the university tuition.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8). A. Write Daisy a note of apology. B. Return Daisys notes in a few days. C. Apologi
45、ze when Daisy is less angry. D. Let her talk to Daisy about the situation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：63.00)BDirections:/B IIn this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only o
46、nce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center./I（分数：21.00）(1). A. To estimate the extreme weather. B. To develop the satellite technology. C. To im
47、prove agricultural output. D. To learn how to change information to maps more efficiently.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. By turning the intensity of sunshine into maps. B. By analyzing the recent weather report. C. By capturing the microwave radiation from rte soil. D. By analyzing information provided by
48、 ground observation centers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Acquire information from satellites more efficiently. B. To realize full coverage of area the satellite passes over. C. Building more ground observation centers. D. Compare satellites information with those from ground.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. Study overseas.
