1、大学六级-113 及答案解析(总分：495.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 有些人对电视选秀节目持肯定态度； 2. 另一些人则反对电视选秀节目； 3. 我的观点。（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：10.00)BTHE BLENDING OF THE UNITED STATES/BFor years, Jorge Del Pinals job as assistant chief of the Census Bureaus Population Division was to fit
2、people into neat, distinct racial and ethnic boxes: white, black, Hispanic, Asian or Native American. As the son of an Anglo mother and a Hispanic father, however, he knew all along that the task was not always possible.For the 2000 decennial census, that will no longer be the case. For the first ti
3、me, the census forms will allow people to check off as many races as apply. As a result, the Census Bureau should obtain a better picture of the extent of intermarriage in the United States.In the absence of such a direct method, a few years ago ,veteran demographer Barry Edmonston used sophisticate
4、d mathematical modeling techniques to calculate how intermarriage is changing the face of the United States as part of an immigration study he directed for the National Research CounciIof the American Academy of Sciences. His research was summarized in a report entitled The New Americans: Economic,
5、Demographic and Fiscal Effects of Immigration. But as the Canadian-born, white husband of sociologist Sharon Lee, a Chinese-American, Edmonsto really needed no computer to understand the transformation under way in this society. He and his family are living, breathing participants.The face of Americ
6、a is changing literally. As former President Clinton has said, “within 30 or 40 years, when there will be no single race in the majority in the United States, we had best be ready for it.“ For his part, Clinton is preparing for that time by talking about racial tolerance and the virtues of multicult
7、uralism. Others are debating immigration policy. Almost all discussion focuses on the potential divisiveness inherent in a nation that is no longer a predominantly white country with a mostly European ancestry.But afoot behind the scenes is another trend that, if handled carefully, could bring the c
8、ountry closer together rather than drive it apart. This quiet demographic counter-revolution is a dramatic upsurge in intermarriage.Edmonstons study projected that by 2050, 21 percent of the U.S. population will be of mixed racial or ethnic ancestry, up from an estimate of seven percent today. Among
9、 third-generation Hispanic and Asian Americans, exogamy-marriage outside ones ethnic group or tribe is at least 50 percent, he and others estimate. Exogamy remains much less prevalent among African Americans, but it has increased enormously, from about 1,5 percent in the 1960s to 8 to 10 percent tod
10、ay.Such a profound demographic shift could take place while no one was watching because, officially, no one was watching. Federal agencies traditionally collected racial data using a formula one person, one race similar to the time-honored voting principle. Thus, the Census Bureau could estimate tha
11、t on census forms no more than two percent of the population would claim to be multiracial. In the absence of a more straightforward count, no one could know for sure what the demographics are.Thats about to change. After the 2000 census, the U.S. Government should have a better idea. In 1997, the O
12、ffice of Management and Budget, which oversees federal statistical practices, approved a directive allowing people to check as many racial boxes as they believe apply to them. The shift was a compromise between the demands of some interest groups that wanted the addition of a “multiracial“ box, and
13、those that objected to any change, fearing dilution of their numbers.Meanwhile, in the absence of Official numbers, with the heightened tension surrounding racial issues, and with the mutual suspicion that exists among competing racial and ethnic interest groups, theres little agreement on what inte
14、rmarriage will mean for U.S. society in the future.BMelting Pot/BTo see the new face of the United States, go to a grocery store and look at a box of Betty Crocker-brand food products. Bettys portrait is now in its eighth incarnation since the first composite painting debuted in 1936 with pale skin
15、and blue eyes. Her new look is brown-eyed and dark-haired. She has a duskier complexion than her seven predecessors, with features representing an amalgam of white, Hispanic, Indian, African and Asian ancestry.A computer created this new Betty in the mid-1990s by blending photos of 75 diverse women.
16、 That process was relatively quick, General Mills Inc. spokesmen explain. But they acknowledge that it took quite a while to spread the new image to the whole range of Betty Crocker products.The slow pace of that process itself could be a metaphor for gradual racial and ethnic intermixing in this co
17、untry. Indeed, its taking a long time for the new bended American to surface in societys consciousness. Tiger Woods, the young golf great, publicized the trend by identifying himself as Cablinasian, a mixture of Caucasian, black, Native American and AsianFor the most part, the market-place-not gover
18、nment is leading the way in this evolution. Mixed-race models, particularly men, are in great demand, according to fashion industry experts. And multiracial child actors are now more likely to be tapped for television advertisements.That serious scholars should be talking about a melting pot is itse
19、lf a reversal. As a metaphor for American diversity, the melting pot was first discredited after World War I, when the European immigrants streaming into American cities formed distinct ethnic and national enclaves that didnt melt together.The timing was off, it turned out, and the metaphorical pot
20、was in the wrong place. Interracial and multiethnic fusion started after World War II and happened in the suburbs. City folk moved from their Italian, Irish, Polish or Jewish urban neighborhoods into diffuse suburban settings, then sent their kids to large public universities, throwing them together
21、 with youngsters from other ethnic backgrounds who, nonetheless, came from families with similar lifestyles.Whether blacks will follow other minorities into the melting pot remains a subject of debate. Skeptics point to the much smaller proportion of black -white marriages and say it wont happen soo
22、n. Others respond that the Statistical base is very small because, until 1967, such marriages were illegal in 19 states.Countervailing ForcesWhile many forces are at work to facilitate intermarriage, others militate against it. This is particularly the case for African Americans.The growing segment
23、of the black community that is going to college, entering the middle class and moving out to the suburbs is also following the general trend toward intermarriage. This tendency is particularly noticeable in California and in cities such as Dallas (Texas), Las Vegas (Nevada) and Phoenix (Arizona), wh
24、ere residential segregation has been less pronounced than in the older northeastern and midwestern U. S. cities, according to Reynolds Farley, who has studied African American residential patterns. In California, for example, among 25-to-34-year-old African Americans, 14 percent of the married black
25、 women and 32 percent of the married black men had spouses of a different race, Edmonston noted.But in the isolated urban neighborhoods of the U. S. Northeast and Midwest, the old pattern remains. “There is a considerable fraction of the black population that still lives in inner-city areas in Detro
26、it, Chicago, New York City that has not been caught up in dynamic economic growth,“ said Farley, formerly a professor at the University of Michigan and now a vice president of the Russell Sage Foundation in New York City. “Theyve been left behind, and they are quite far out of it.“Another countervai
27、ling force is immigration. Immigrants generally dont man7 outside their racial or ethnic group. Their children do to some extent, but out- marriage really is most prevalent in the third generation. The most recent large-scale wave of immigration has produced only first-or second-generation Americans
28、.Regardless of the real degree of racial and ethnic intermixing that goes on, the test of a blended society will be the proportion of people who identify as multiracial or multiethnic. Until now, that percentage has been small. Thats partly because people tend to assume the racial or ethnic identity
29、 of one parent often the minority parent, in the case of blacks and Hispanics. But to a large extent, that identity has been imposed by society.“I have a Spanish name and I speak Spanish, so people see me as being of Spanish origin,“ DelPinal, the Census Bureau official, explained.Racial identificat
30、ion can stem from other sources, such as heightened ethnic pride or the opportunity to benefit from affirmative action and other programs. Over the last few decades, having Native American ancestry has apparently become popular. Between 1970 and 1980, the number of people who checked “American India
31、n“ on their census forms grew from 800,000 to 1.4 million, a much faster increase than could be accounted for by births minus deaths. “People decided they wanted to identify as American Indians, to some extent because of rising ethnic consciousness,“ observed Jeffrey S. Passel, director of the Immig
32、ration Policy Program at the Urban Institute and a former director of the Census Bureaus Population Division.It is this positive approach to racial or ethnic identification on which liberal elements of the Jewish community are trying to capitalize. For two millennia, exogamy was a major transgressio
33、n for Jews. (In many communities, prayers for the dead were recited for a Jew who married a non-Jew. ) As a result, out-marriage was rare. Before World War II, it amounted to less than seven percent of Jewish marriages, according to Mayer of CUNY. But in 1970, a National Jewish Population Survey dis
34、covered that in the previous five years, 30 percent of new Jewish marriages were to non-Jews. By 1990, that figure was more than 50 percent.After many meetings, much soul-searching and a lot of acrimonious debate, various synagogue groups in the most liberal denominations and Jewish civic organizati
35、ons decided to reverse their approach. They still try to discourage intermarriage, but once it occurs, they tend to welcome new interfaith families.（分数：10.00）(1).The 2000 decennial census aims at obtaining the exact number of population as well as a better picture of the extent of intermarriage in t
36、he United States.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The results of census have always been the compromise of certain groups of interest.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Theres little agreement on what intermarriage will mean for U.S. society in the future as there is a lack of official numbers, a heightened tension surrounding
37、 racial issues, and the mutual suspicion that exists among different racial groups .（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The racial and ethnic intermixing in this country is sometimes gradual and sometimes accelerated in history.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Sophisticated_techniques have been already employed to calculate how
38、 intermarriage is changing the face of the United States.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).President Clinton advised that people_as no single race will exceed other races in number 30 or 40 years later.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).It is_that plays the leading role in the ethnic intermixing of the U. S.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).
39、In cities or towns where_is not serious, it is more likely that black people would enter intermarriage.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).Regardless of the real degree of racial and ethnic intermixing that goes on, the test of a blended society will be the proportion of people_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).More and more p
40、eople in the U.S. tend to identify as American Indians partly because they_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：4，分数：105.00)（分数：21.00）(1). A. Find a hotel nearby again in a few days. B. Accommodate his parents in his dormitory. C. Ask his parents not to come until he fi
41、nds a proper hotel. D. Phone a hotel farther from the campus for a reservation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. He is always punctual for his class. B. He rarely notices which students are late. C. He wants his students to be on time for class. D. He doesnt allow his students to tell jokes in class.（分数：7.00
42、）A.B.C.D.(3). A. The man forgot to sign for the seminar. B. The signing is just a reassurance. C. The seminar was actually cancelled. D. The woman likes the seminar very much.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：28.00）(1). A. Redwood trees. B. Forest fires. C. San Francisco. D. Survival skills.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).
43、 A. It has a good view of the coast. B. It is near San Francisco. C. It has no admission fee. D. It can be seen in one hour.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. 800 years. B. 400 years. C. 550 years. D. 2,000 years.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Coastal isolation. B. Resistant bark and damp climate. C. Absence of nat
44、ural enemies. D. Cool weather and daily fog.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：28.00）(1). A. It publishes magazines. B. It is engaged in product design. C. It sponsors trade fairs. D. It runs sales promotion campaigns.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. The womans company failed to make payments in time. B. The ad specifica
45、tions had not been given in detail. C. The womans company made last-minute changes. D. Organising the promotion was really time-consuming.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Run another four-week campaign. B. Give her a 10 percent discount. C. Extend the campaign to next year. D. Cut the fee by half for this y
46、ear.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Calm down and make peace. B. Improve their promotion plans. C. Stop negotiating for the time being. D. Reflect on their respective mistakes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：28.00）(1). A. A literature professor. B. An academic advisor. C. Dean of the English Department. D. A Doctor o
47、f Applied Linguistics.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. To inquire about switching majors. B. To find a helping supervisor. C. To make up the remaining credits. D. To apply for a masters degree.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. He cant catch up with his classmates. B. He finds the English course load too heavy. C. He
48、 is not interested in his present major. D. He is good at Applied Linguistics.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Twenty-four credits. B. Twelve credits. C. Three Credits. D. Thirty-six credits.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)（分数：28.00）(1). A. They are alive. B. They are hopeless. C. They are similar. D. They are different.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Because older American cities were dying. B. Because they wer
