1、大学六级-112 及答案解析(总分：492.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前很多人报考研究生； 2. 你认为此现象的原因是什么； 3. 你的看法。（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：10.00)When people care enough about something to do it well, those who do it best tend to be far better than everyone else. Theres a huge gap between Leona
2、rdo and second-rate contemporaries. A top-ranked professional chess player could play ten thousand games against an ordinary club player without losing once.Like chess or painting or writing novels, making money is a very specialized skill. But for some reason we treat this skill differently. No one
3、 complains when a few people surpass all the rest at playing chess or writing novels, but when a few people make more money than the rest, we get editorials saying this is wrong. Why? The pattern of variation seems no different than for any other skill. What causes people to react so strongly when t
4、he skill is making money?I think there arc three reasons we treat making money as different: the misleading model of wealth we learn as children; the disreputable way in which, till recently, most fortunes were accumulated; and the worry that great variations in income are somehow bad for society. A
5、s far as I can tell, the first is mistaken, the second outdated, and the third empirically false. Could it be that, in a modem democracy, variation in income is actually a sign of health?When I was five I thought electricity was created by electric sockets. I didnt realize there were power plants ou
6、t there generating it. Likewise, it doesnt occur to most kids that wealth is something that has to be generated. It seems to be something that flows from parents.Because of the circumstances in which they encounter it, children tend to misunderstand wealth. They confuse it with money. They think tha
7、t there is a fixed amount of it. And they think of it as something thats distributed by authorities (and so should be distributed equally), rather than something that has to be created (and might be created unequally). In fact, wealth is not money. Money is just a convenient way of trading one form
8、of wealth for another. Wealth is the underlying stuff-the goods and services we buy. When you travel to a rich or poor country, you dont have to look at people s bank accounts to tell which kind youre in. You can see wealth- in buildings and streets, in the clothes and the health of the people.Where
9、 does wealth come from? People make it. This was easier to grasp when most people lived on farms, and made many of the things they wanted with their own hands. Then you could see in the house, the herds, and the granary the wealth that each family created. It was obvious then too that the wealth of
10、the world was not a fixed quantity that had to be shared out, like slices of a pie. If you wanted more wealth, you could make it.This is just as true today, though few of us create wealth directly for ourselves. Mostly we create wealth for other people in exchange for money, which we then trade for
11、the forms of wealth we want. Because kids are unable to create wealth, whatever they have has to be given to them. And when wealth is something youre given, then of course it seems that it should be distributed equally. As in most families it is. The kids see to that. “Unfair,“ they cry, when one si
12、bling (兄弟姐妹) gets more than another.In the real world, you cant keep living off your parents. If you want something, you either have to make it, or do something of equivalent value for someone else, in order to get them to give you enough money to buy it. In the real world, wealth is (except for a f
13、ew specialists like thieves and speculators) something you have to create, not something thats distributed by Daddy. And since the ability and desire to create it vary from person to person, its not made equally.You get paid by doing or making something people want, and those who make more money are
14、 often simply better at doing what people want. Top actors make a lot more money than B-list actors. The B-list actors might be almost as charismatic, but when people go to the theater and look at the list of movies playing, they want that extra oomph（吸引力）he big stars have.Doing what people want is
15、not the only way to get money, of course. You could also rob banks, or solicit bribes, or establish a monopoly. Such tricks account for some variation in wealth, and indeed for some of the biggest individual fortunes, but they are not the root cause of variation in income. The root cause of variatio
16、n in income is the same as the root cause of variation in every other human skill.The second reason we tend to fend great disparities of wealth alarming is that for most of human history the usual way to accumulate a fortune was to steal it: in pastoral societies by cattle raiding; in agricultural s
17、ocieties by appropriating others estates in times of war, and taxing them in times of peace. In conflicts, those on the winning side would receive the estates confiscated from the losers. In more organized societies, the ruler and his officials used taxation instead of confiscation. But here too we
18、see the same principle: the way to get rich was not to create wealth, but to serve a ruler powerful enough to appropriate it.But it was not till the Industrial Revolution that wealth creation definitively replaced corruption as the best way to get rich. In England, at least, corruption only became u
19、nfashionable when there started to be other faster ways to get rich.Thirdly, one often hears a policy criticized on the grounds that it would increase the income gap between rich and poor. As if it were an axiom (公理) that tiffs would be bad. It might be true that increased variation in income would
20、be bad, but I dont see how we can say its axiomatic.Indeed, it may even be false, in industrial democracies. In a society of serfs (农奴) and warlords, certainly, variation in income is a sign of an underlying problem. But serfdom is not the only cause of variation in income. A 747 pilot doesnt make 4
21、0 times as much as a checkout clerk because he is a warlord. His skills are simply much more valuable.Id like to propose an alternative idea: that in a modem society, increasing variation in income is a sign of health. Technology seems to increase the variation in productivity at faster than linear
22、rates. If we dont see corresponding variation in income, there are three possible explanations:a. that technical innovation has stopped,b. that the people who would create the most wealth oxent doing it, orc. that they arent getting paid for it.If you suppress variations in income, whether by steali
23、ng private fortunes, as feudal rulers used to do, or by taxing them away, as some modern governments have done, the result always seems to be the same. Society as a whole ends up poorer.If I had a choice of living in a society where I was materially much better off than I am now, but was among the p
24、oorest, or in one where I was the richest, but much worse off than I am now, Id take the first option. If had children, it would arguably be immoral not to. Its absolute poverty you want to avoid, not relative poverty. If, as the evidence so far implies, you have to have one or the other in your soc
25、iety, take relative poverty.You need rich people in your society not so much because in spending their money or they create jobs, but because of what they have to do to get rich. Im not talking about the trickle-down effect here. Im not saying that if you let Henry Ford get rich, hell hire you as a
26、waiter at his next party. Im saying that hell make you a tractor to replace your horse.（分数：10.00）(1).Like chess or painting or writing novels, making money is a very specialized skill but is now treated not equally as playing chess or painting or writing novels.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many parents tell
27、their children that wealth is something that hasnt to be generated. It is something that can flow from parents.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).In modem times, most of us create wealth directly for ourselves.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Such tricks as rob banks, or solicit bribes, or establish a monopoly account for the
28、root cause of variation in income.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Peoples worry that _ is empirically false.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).While Money is just a convenient way of trading one from of wealth for another, wealth is the underlying stuff- _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).When you travel abroad, you can judge whether the
29、country is rich or poor by seeing wealth- _ instead of looking at people s account.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).In England, corruption only became unfashionable when _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).If you suppress variations in income by whatever means, the result always seems to be the same _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).You
30、 need rich people in your society basically because of_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BSection A/B(总题数：3，分数：112.00)（分数：56.00）(1). A. She went to the party without knowing it. B. She was invited to the party. C. She was present for the party. D. She was absent from the party.（分数：7.
31、00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Joan will give out the assignments. B. Joan will speak in the seminar. C. Joan wont be present at the seminar. D. Joan wont sign the petitions.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Present a new theory to the class. B. Read more than one article. C. Read the book more thoroughly. D. Write a be
32、tter article for the class.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Her back hurt during the meeting. B. His support does not mean anything now. C. She agreed that it was a very good meeting. D. The proposal should be sent back to the meeting.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. The library is within walking distance. B. The s
33、treets are not in good condition. C. The man should get a car instead. D. The man should exercise more.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6). A. Yes, she can study there if she is writing a research paper. B. Yes, but she needs to have the approval of her professor. C. Yes, because she is a senior student. D. No, it
34、s open only to teachers and postgraduates.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7). A. He decided not to cancel his appointment. B. His new glasses arent comfortable. C. Hes too busy to get a checkup. D. He has to cheek when the appointment is.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8). A. His errors were mainly in the reading part. B. It w
35、asnt very challenging to him. C. It was more .difficult than he had expected. D. He made very few grammatical mistakes in his test.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：28.00）(1). A. He picked up some apples in his yard. B. He cut some branches off the apple tree. C. He quarreled with his neighbor over the fence. D.
36、 He cleaned up all the garbage in the womans yard.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Trim the apple trees in her yard. B. Pick up the apples that fell in her yard. C. Take the garbage to the curb for her. D. Remove the branches from her yard.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. File a lawsuit against the man. B. Ask the
37、man for compensation. C. Have the mans apple tree cut down. D. Throw garbage into the mans yard.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. He was ready to make a concession. B. He was not intimidated. C. He was not prepared to go to court. D. He was a bit concerned.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：28.00）(1). A. Romania. B. Hunga
38、ry. C. Czechoslovakia. D. Albania.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Immediately. B. Towards the end of the month. C. Next month. D. Tomorrow.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He may enjoy the beautiful scenery there.B. He wants to visit his relatives there. C. He may make a lot of friends there.D. He may do some marke
39、t research there.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Establish personal contracts.B. Further personal contacts. C. Investigate personal contracts.D. Sell medical facilities.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)（分数：21.00）(1). A. An unexpected event that happens. B. Your understanding of an event. C. Th
40、e things that happen in our lives. D. The mentioning of the word itself.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. When we are tired. B. When we have a balanced diet. C. When we can relax. D. When we do regular exercise.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Going to bed earlier. B. Working even harder, C. Reading more books. D. F
41、inding its cause.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：21.00）(1). A. Customers may get addicted to the smells. B. Customers may be misled by the smells. C. It hides the defects of certain goods. D. It gives rise to unfair competition.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. Flexible. B. Critical. C. Supportive. D. Cautious.（分数：7.00
42、）A.B.C.D.(3). A. The flower scent stimulated peoples desire to buy. B. Stronger smells had greater effects on consumers. C. Most shoppers hated the small shoe store. D. 84% of the customers were unaware of the smells.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：28.00）(1). A. Last week. B. Three weeks ago. C. Two months ago
43、. D. Three years ago.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. By coach. B. By bus. C. By car. D. By train.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Get information. B. Watch a film. C. Find a bank. D. Buy some shoes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. Go sailing. B. See the lake by bus. C. Go swimming. D. Feed the ducks.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、BSe
44、ction C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scientists have discovered that plants themselves produce many poisonous chemicals forU U 1 /U /Uagainst insects. But insects have developed ways ofU U 2 /U /Uwith them and, in fact, have been eating plants for about 250 million years. Now insects are using these sameU U 3 /
45、U /Uto deal with man-made poi sons-insecticides. This is whyU U 4 /U /Uof insects to insecticides has developed soU (40)/UWhat should be done? Scientists studying the problem suggest that farmers use less insecticides. At the moment, farmersU U 5 /U /Uspray crops as aU U 6 /U /Uagainst problems that
46、 are caused by large number of pests. They should, instead, spray only where pests have actually been seen. Secondly, farmers could use aU U 7 /U /Uof two or three insecticides at once.U U 8 /U /UThe most surprising suggestion, perhaps, is that at certain times of the year,U U 9 /U /U. The new insects will mate with those which survived from a certain kind of insecticide and will lessen the latters resistance to it.U U 10 /U /Uwhich may be resistant to all poisons invade our farms and devour our crops. （分数：10.01）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、
