1、大学六级-110 及答案解析(总分：703.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.CountryCNP per head(2005,$) Daily calorie suppy per head Life expectancyat birth (years) Infant mortality rates per 1000 live births Bangladesh 462 1922 52 63Bolivia 2458 2107 67 48Egypt 3323 2946 68 40Indonesia 3117 2314 65 31U.S
2、.A. 18779 3781 79 11（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BHappy Earth Day/BBThe Good News/BHeres the good news: our air is cleaner, our lakes are purer, our forests are healthier, endangered species are recovering, toxic emissions are down, and acid rain has diminished dramatically. And yet,
3、if youve looked at a newspaper or watched the evening news lately, you might think our environment is under siege (围攻). Media Coverage of the environment is heavy on doomsday, but the truth is not at all bleak: nearly all environmental trends in the United States are positive and have been for years
4、if not decades.Eco-legislation, green organizations, corporate cooperation and new inventions have all quietly steered our environment in a positive direction. We cant afford to be complacent (自满的), thoughespecially when it comes to greenhouse gases, since global warming is the one huge problem we h
5、avent really tackled. But almost every measure taken by government agencies and grass-roots efforts to improve the environment has shown encouraging resultsusually faster than expected end at a lower cost. Now thats good news.Scientists and environmentalists think that even the worrisome fact of glo
6、bal Warming can be ameliorated (改善). There is a strong scientific consensus that the global warming threat requires action, but if current environmental trends persist and the reduction of most pollutants continues to be accomplished faster and more cheaply than expected, we may be able to control a
7、nd reduce greenhouse gases in both affordable and practical ways.Consider some of the environmental improvements the United States has witnessed over the last three decades.BImproved Air Quality/BTake a nice, big cleansing breath. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, emissions of. the p
8、rimary smog-causing chemicals from cars and trucks have declined 54 percent since 1970, even though the number of registered cars and trucks has more than doubled, from 108,407,000 to 230,428,000, and they are now driven one and a half times as far annually.Keep breathing, because the fine particula
9、tes linked to respiratory disease, including those sometimes seen as soot(煤烟), are down by about one-third since 1979 (though fewer cities were surveyed back then). The level of carbon monoxide, a dangerous odorless gas, is down 53 percent since 1970. And emissions of sulfur dioxide, often the major
10、 culprit behind acid rain, are down 49 percent since 1970, despite the fact that the United States now bums far more coal, the main source of this pollutant.These improvements have translated into better air quality for millions of Americans. Between 1976 and 1990, the Los Angeles area averaged some
11、 150 days per year in violation of federal smog standards; in 2004, that figure dropped to just 27 violation days, the fewest ever for that city.And, in case you are wondering, federal standards have become stricter, not weaker, during this period. Of course, there is more to be done27 smog days in
12、Los Angeles are still 27 too many, and Atlanta, Houston and other cities continue to experience air-pollution problems. But overall, air-quality trends are strongly positive. Now, exhale.BBetter Water Quality/BOther environmental trends are equally encouraging. Water quality has improved, too, and r
13、ates of waterborne disease are also in decline. Its hard to believe, but just a generation ago, factories and municipal plants actually discharged untreated wastewater directly into rivers; today, though some raw sewage often makes it to waterways, almost all wastewater in the United States is treat
14、ed before discharge.Even our largest metropolises have seen dramatic changes in their waterways. Remember when the filthy condition of Boston Harbor became a contentious issue in the 1988 presidential campaign? Today, Boston Harbor is sparkling again. The Potomac River, which in the 1960s literally
15、gave off a stench (恶臭), now boasts a thriving waterfront restaurant scene. And the Chicago River, a virtual open sewer in the 1960s, now hosts charming dinner cruises.BInnovation Goes Green/BInvention has always been an important force in American history. When major reductions in automobile polluti
16、on were first mandated by the Clean Air Act of 1970, automakers either called the goals impossible or claimed that cars would become ruinously expensive. Then the catalytic converter was invented. This device reduces the level of many pollutants from automobile exhaust both cheaply and reliably.Toda
17、y, it is estimated that new cars and light trucks emit just 3 to 4 percent of the amount of pollution that a new car would have emitted in 1968, before regulation; soon cars emitting less than 1 percent could be seen driving around your neighborhood.Other inventions, such as an enormous device known
18、 as the electrostatic precipitator, have reduced severe emissions from power-plant smokestacks, eliminated toxic substances from manufacturing processes, and replaced CFCs. the chemicals that cause ozone-layer depletion, with other more benign compounds. And by the way, the ozone layer appears to be
19、 restoring itself.BLegislation in Action/BGovernment regulation has also been an important force in the drive to protect the environment. The mason the catalytic converter and other antipollution devices were invented in the first place is because the government required big reductions in pollution,
20、 via the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act and other legislation. Some environmental regulation may be too cumbersome (麻烦的) and needs to be streamlined-standards can vary wildly between regionsbut there isnt any doubt that environmental regulation actually works.BCitizens for Change/BIndividual activis
21、m has been another important factor in the amazing progress we have seen in our natural world Without the continued pressure from environmentalists, antipollution legislation would not have been enacted, and many pollution-reducing devices would not have been invented. Grass-routs organizations have
22、 been particularly essential to the ongoing creation and maintenance of new parks, wildlife refuges and protected forests.BCorporations Clean Up/BBusinesses that once resisted environmental rules now generally comply. When companies started losing lawsuits regarding their chemical emissions, the ide
23、a of toxic reduction became rather popular in corporate boardrooms. But many corporations today seem to have genuinely come to believe that environmental protection is good for the country, good for the economy and, therefore, good for business. Getting a head start on the future, several big manufa
24、cturers, such as Alcoa, Boeing and Whirlpool, have already taken steps to reduce their companies greenhouse gas emissions.Alcoa, for example, has initiated a plan to use improved technology to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 25 percent by 2010. The company also has extensive tree-planting progra
25、ms near many of its operations and service areas, and Alcoa helps fund environmental nonprofits. Boeing and Whirlpool, meanwhile, are working to meet emissions reduction targets even though no federal law yet requires this.Business leaders, environmentalists, regulators and inventors are working tow
26、ard the same goal. Thats certainly an odd mix-not clearly Republican or Democratic, nut clearly left-wing or right-wing. And maybe thats the biggest reason you rarely hear about environmental progress. Current trends do not fit any preconceived (预想的) ideological notions. The political left wants to
27、believe that industry is destroying the planet, and refuses to consider the evidence that business and the environment are making peace. The political right wants to believe that regulations are destroying the country, and refuses to consider the evidence that the longest period of economic expansio
28、n in American history occurred during the very period when pollution was in the midst Of its big decline. However, todays realityan improving environment without economic harm does not fit with anyones scare-tactic fund-raising or cheap-shot political campaigns.BMiles to Go/BDo the positive trends m
29、ean that environmental protection is no longer a concern? Absolutely not. Many problems remain, among them the loss of wildlife habitat in suburban expansion areas, chemical runoff from nearly unrestricted agriculture, and low miles-per-gallon SUVs, which cause waste by burning excessive gas. Beyond
30、 these setbacks stands the specter (幽灵) of artificially triggered climate change. Global warming may be the Super Bowl of environmental problems, since it could impact all of Earth.But just bear this in mind: in every place where nations have imposed strict environmental standards, negative trends t
31、urned to positive very quickly. Earth, after all, has proved throughout the eons (万古) to be nothing if not resilient (能复原的) . This gives us good reason to hope that if we act to solve the environmental problems that still remain, we will achieve rapid progress against them too. Now thats a reason to
32、 say Happy Earth Day!（分数：70.00）(1).What is the one huge problem that we havent really solved?（分数：7.00）A.Global warming.B.Acid rni9.C.Toxic emission.D.Environment.(2).Scientists and environmentalists think that global warming can be _.（分数：7.00）A.continuedB.improvedC.controlledD.reduced(3).Which year
33、is the fewest in violation of federal smog standards in Los Angeles?（分数：7.00）A.1976B.1979C.1990D.2004(4).Which of the following provides dinner cruises now?（分数：7.00）A.The Potomac RiverB.Boston HarborC.The Chicago RiverD.The Mississippi River(5).The electrostatic precipitator has got rid of _ from ma
34、nufacturing processes.（分数：7.00）A.severe emissionsB.ozone-layer depletionC.many pollutantsD.toxic substances(6).There is no doubt that environmental regulation _.（分数：7.00）A.is cumbersomeB.produces an effectC.varies wildlyD.needs to be streamlined(7).Antipollution legislations have been enacted thanks
35、 to the continued pressure from _.（分数：7.00）A.grass-roots organizationsB.individual activismC.environmentalistsD.environmental regulation(8).When companies started losing lawsuits regarding their chemical emissions, the idea of toxic reduction became rather popular in _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Boeing and
36、 Whirlpool, meanwhile, are working to meet emissions reduction targets even though _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).This gives us good reason to hope that if we act to solve the environmental problems that still remain, we will _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)BQuestions 11 to 18 are based o
37、n the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：56.00）A.1:50.B.1:55.C.2:00.D.2:05.A.The photograph is not good enough to send.B.The photograph was not taken at the Grand Canyon.C.They already sent Mary a photograph of their vacation.D.Sending pictures through the mail is too expensive.A.She should have
38、 asked to be excused from the trip.B.She deserves the zero.C.She is right to be angry.D.She should have gone on the field trip.A.He wants to live off campus.B.There are advantages and disadvantages to living off campus.C.Living space in the dorm is crowded.D.There are only a few apartments available
39、 off campus.A.Turn down the volume of the music.B.Turn the music off.C.Play a different style of music.D.Listen to music in a different room.A.Move some boxes.B.Read history books.C.Attend history classes.D.Watch the boxing game.A.Cancel their assignment.B.Allow them to hand in their assignment a fe
40、w days later.C.Help them to write part of the assignment.D.Explain to them what the assignment was.A.He should have read the b6ok instead of going to the movie.B.He should have gone to the movie instead of reading the book.C.Reading the book will help the man understand the movie better.D.She thinks
41、 the book is easier to understand than the movie.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Apply immediately with any credit card.B.Fill out the membership application form.C.Pay a membership fee.D.Buy certain items in the store.A.It bills the customer once
42、a month.B.Its a kind of ATM cards.C.Its a kind of credit cards.D.It takes out the money from the customers bank account.A.In a grocery store.B.In a bank.C.In a book store.D.In a post office.BQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Its next to Pueblo.B.Its i
43、n the southwest of the U.S.C.Its a city of India.D.Its outside the city Pueblo.A.Stone jewelry.B.Beautiful stone:C.Arts and crafts.D.Amazing paintings.A.Taos Pueblo.B.Apache.C.Navajo.D.Ute.A.For almost a thousand years.B.For a few decades.C.For a century.D.For several years.四、BSection B/B(总题数：3，分数：7
44、0.00)Bpassage one/BBQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.People can use nearly 75 percent of it.B.People can use about 97 percent of it.C.People can use exactly 3 percent of it.D.People can use less than 3 percent of it.A.We can invent ways of increasing rain
45、fall.B.We can develop ways of reusing water and utilizing sea water,C.We can cut down our consumption of water.D.We can reduce the number of factories producing steel.A.By filtering sea water.B.By treating sea water with chemicals.C.By taking salt out of sea water.D.By drying up sea water.Bpassage t
46、wo/BBQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Words and phrases.B.Culture.C.Individuals.D.Misunderstanding.A.Understand what their staff are feeling by understanding their body language.B.Learn more the cultural background of their staff through their body langua
47、ge.C.Create good working conditions by using proper body language.D.Spend a lot of time in studying body language.A.It stands for hostility.B.It is not normal.C.It is an invasion of space.D.It means intimacy between two people.Bpassage three/BBQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have jus
48、t heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Listening to different styles of conversations.B.Listening to the content of different conversations.C.Listening to bow salesmen talk to different people.D.Listening to conversations in public.A.Word games about states and their capitals.B.Language games.C.Games concerning history.D.Guessing games.A.Bonks they had read.B.Places they had been to.C.Histories and things they remembered.D.The fun they got from rending.A.Because the conversation was so interesting,B.Because they talked loudly enough.C.Be
